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A Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial and Antiviral Membrane Inactivates SARS‐CoV‐2 in Minutes

ABSTRACT: Abstract SARS‐CoV‐2, the virus that caused the COVID‐19 pandemic, can remain viable and infectious on surfaces for days, posing a potential risk for fomite transmission. Liquid‐based disinfectants, such as chlorine‐based ones, have played an indispensable role in decontaminating surfaces but they do not provide prolonged protection from recontamination. Here a safe, inexpensive, and scalable membrane with covalently immobilized chlorine, large surface area, and fast wetting that exhibits long‐lasting, exceptional killing efficacy against a broad spectrum of bacteria and viruses is reported. The membrane achieves a more than 6 log reduction within several minutes against all five bacterial strains tested, including gram‐positive, gram‐negative, and drug‐resistant ones as well as a clinical bacterial cocktail. The membrane also efficiently deactivated nonenveloped and enveloped viruses in minutes. In particular, a 5.17 log reduction is achieved against SARS‐CoV‐2 after only 10 min of contact with the membrane. This membrane may be used on high‐touch surfaces in healthcare and other public facilities or in air filters and personal protective equipment to provide continuous protection and minimize transmission risks. A safe, inexpensive, and scalable microfibrous polyurethane membrane with chlorine‐immobilizing hydantoin and wettability‐enhancing sulfobetaine functional groups is reported. After chlorination, the membrane exhibits long‐lasting, exceptional killing efficacy against a broad spectrum of bacteria and viruses. In particular, a 5.17 log reduction is observed against SARS‐CoV‐2 after 10 min of contact with the membrane.

SUBMITTER: Liu Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8420574 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Pathogenic coronaviruses are a major threat to global public health. Here, using a recombinant reporter virus-based compound screening approach, we identified small-molecule inhibitors that potently block the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Among them, JIB-04 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells with a 50% effective concentration of 695 nM, with a specificity index of greater than 1,000. JIB-04 showed in vitro antiviral activity in multiple cell types, including primary human bronchial epithelial cells, against several DNA and RNA viruses, including porcine coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus. In an in vivo porcine model of coronavirus infection, administration of JIB-04 reduced virus infection and associated tissue pathology, which resulted in improved weight gain and survival. These results highlight the potential utility of JIB-04 as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral pathogens. IMPORTANCE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, is an ongoing public health disaster worldwide. Although several vaccines are available as a preventive measure and the FDA approval of an orally bioavailable drug is on the horizon, there remains a need for developing antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 that could work on the early course of infection. By using infectious reporter viruses, we screened small-molecule inhibitors for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Among the top hits was JIB-04, a compound previously studied for its anticancer activity. Here, we showed that JIB-04 inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 as well as different DNA and RNA viruses. Furthermore, JIB-04 conferred protection in a porcine model of coronavirus infection, although to a lesser extent when given as therapeutic rather than prophylactic doses. Our findings indicate a limited but still promising utility of JIB-04 as an antiviral agent in the combat against COVID-19 and potentially other viral diseases.

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A Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial and Antiviral Membrane Inactivates SARS‐CoV‐2 in Minutes

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