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Comparison between the Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Fenugreek and Buckthorn in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats.

ABSTRACT: This study is aimed at comparing the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of fenugreek and buckthorn which are commonly used in modulating diabetes in the Middle East. In this study, the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of the aqueous extracts of the leaf and seed of fenugreek and buckthorn was tested in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats fed with a fat-rich diet for 8 weeks. Thirty-six male albino rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 6); the 1st group was the negative control. Diabetes was induced in the other 30 rats using streptozotocin, which were then divided into 5 groups; the 2nd was the untreated positive diabetic group, the 3rd was treated with fenugreek leaf aqueous extract, the 4th was treated with the fenugreek seed aqueous extract, the 5th was treated with buckthorn leaf aqueous extract, and the 6th was treated with buckthorn seed aqueous extract. The positive control group showed an increase in blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, liver function enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, kidney indices, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low- and very-low-density lipoprotein, immunoglobulins, and lipid peroxidation and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein, albumin, and antioxidant activity. The histology of the liver and testes showed severe histopathological alterations. Rats of groups 4-6 that were treated with the aqueous extract of the leaf and seed extract of fenugreek and buckthorn showed improvement of all biochemical and histopathological parameters. The seed extract of fenugreek and buckthorn showed more antioxidant activity than their leaves.

SUBMITTER: Alsieni MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8420976 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Annona reticulata L. (Bullock's heart) is a pantropic tree commonly known as custard apple, which is used therapeutically for a variety of maladies. The present research was carried out to evaluate the possible protective effects of Annona reticulata L. (A. reticulata) ethanolic seed extract on an experimentally induced type 2 diabetes rat model. Male Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups with six animals in each group viz., control rats in group I, diabetic rats in group II, diabetic rats with 50 and 100 mg/kg/bw of ethanolic seed extract of A. reticulata in groups III and IV, respectively, and diabetic rats with metformin in group V. Treatment was given for 42 consecutive days through oral route by oro-gastric gavage. Administration of A. reticulata seed extract to diabetes rats significantly restored the alterations in the levels of body weight, food and water intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin levels, insulin sensitivity, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, islet area and insulin positive cells. Furthermore, A. reticulata significantly decreased the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, and significantly increased the HDL in diabetic rats. A. reticulata effectively ameliorated the enzymatic (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT) and modification of histopathological changes in diabetic rats. The serum levels of the BUN, creatinine levels, uric acid, urine volume, and urinary protein were significantly declined with a significant elevation in CCr in diabetic rats treated with A. reticulata. MDA and NO levels were significantly reduced with an enhancement in SOD, CAT, and GPx antioxidant enzyme activities in the kidney, liver, and pancreas of diabetic rats treated with A. reticulata. Diabetic rats treated with A. reticulata have shown up-regulation in mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and protein expression level of Nrf2 with diminution in Keap1 mRNA expression level in pancreas, kidney, and liver. From the outcome of the current results, it can be inferred that seed extract of A. reticulata exhibits a protective effect in diabetic rats through its anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and could be considered as a promising treatment therapy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Project description:The effect of livingstone potato (Plectranthus esculenthus N.E.Br) on serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), hepatic malic enzyme (ME), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and catalase activities of Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were investigated using standard techniques. The atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CRI) of the rats were calculated as the ratios of LDL to HDL and total cholesterol to HDL, respectively. The serum glucose of the non-diabetic, diabetic control and diabetic rats given livingstone potato incorporated feeds (test feed) were 92.58 ± 3.97, 352.30 ± 4.88 and 165.50 ± 7.88 mg/dl, respectively. Intake of the test feed by the diabetic rats of group 3, resulted in significant (P < 0.05) decrease of their serum glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, AI and CRI but significant increase (P < 0.05) of hepatic levels of ME, IDH, catalase and serum HDL compared with the diabetic control rats that had significant alteration of these parameters (P < 0.05) compared with the non-diabetic rats. The feed intakes of the non-diabetic, diabetic control and diabetic rats given the test feed were 133.34 ± 1.32, 137.84 ± 5.77 and 146.38 ± 4.33 g/rat/week by the last week of experimentation. The diabetic control rats recorded significant loss of weight (P < 0.05) compared with the non diabetic rats despite increased feed intake. Chemical analysis of the standard and test feeds showed that the standard rat feed contained 15.00 ± 0.78% protein, 7.24 ± 1.20% fat, 31.55 ± 2.62% carbohydrates, energy value of 290.65 ± 4.77 kcal/100 g, 10% crude fiber and 0.12 ± 0.04 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent while the test feed contained 40.10 ± 0.16% carbohydrates, 17.22 ± 0.40% protein, 22.16 ± 0.34% fat, energy value of 428.70 ± 2.12 kcal/100 g, 8.51 ± 0.16% crude fiber, 1.3 ± 0.2 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g of sample and strong antioxidant activity comparable to standard quercetin. The study shows the potentials of livingstone potato in the management of diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The fruit of Elaeagnus umbellata has high medicinal values and is an excellent source of phytochemicals. This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antidiabetic potential of Elaeagnus umbellata. METHODS:The antioxidant potential of the crude extract and subfractions of E. umbellata fruit were determined using DPPH (2, 20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2, 2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. The enzyme inhibitory potentials of extracts against ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase enzymes were also determined. The in vivo anti-hyperglycemic effects of the extract in STZ-induced type 2 diabetes were determined using Sprague Dawley adult rats. HPLC system (Agilent 1260) was used for the identification of bioactive compounds present in extracts. Molecular docking was used to identify and compare the interaction between the compounds (active constituents) and standard inhibitor acarbose with the ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase active sites. RESULTS:The chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions showed significant antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 40, 45 and 60??g/mL against DPPH and 57, 70 and 120??g/mL against ABTS free radicals respectively. The chloroform and ethyl acetate were highly active against ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase (IC50 values 58 and 200??g/ml against ?-amylase 60 and 140??g/ml against ?-glucosidase. The crude extract, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions were more potent in controlling the hyperglycemia in STZ-induced type 2 diabetes in rats and considerable reduction of glucose level was observed compared to the non-treated group. Furthermore, the extracts were also found useful in controlling the secondary complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus which was evident from the observed substantial reduction in the blood level of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides. The molecular docking approach indicated the favorable inhibitory interaction between the docked compounds and the active sites of the ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase. All docked compounds occupied the same binding site as occupied by acarbose. CONCLUSION:It was concluded that E. umbellata can be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and oxidative stress. The extracts were also found to be effective in relieving the secondary complications associated with type 2 diabetes.

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Comparison between the Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Fenugreek and Buckthorn in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats.

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