Anti-spike antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination in patients with B cell-derived hematologic malignancies.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Greenberger LM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8421105 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Anti-spike antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination in patients with B cell-derived hematologic malignancies.
Greenberger Lee M LM Saltzman Larry A LA Senefeld Jonathon W JW Johnson Patrick W PW DeGennaro Louis J LJ Nichols Gwen L GL
Cancer cell 20210907 10
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Project description:The anti-spike T-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in patients with B-cell malignancies were examined in a real-world setting. A next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based molecular assay was used to assess SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses. After the second dose, 58% (166/284) of seropositive and 45% (99/221) of seronegative patients display anti-spike T cells. The percentage of patients who displayed T-cell response was higher among patients receiving mRNA-1273 vaccines compared with those receiving BNT162b2 vaccines. After the third vaccination, 40% (137/342) of patients seroconverted, although only 22% displayed sufficient antibody levels associated with the production of neutralizing antibodies. 97% (717/738) of patients who were seropositive before the third dose had markedly elevated anti-spike antibody levels. Anti-spike antibody levels, but not T-cell responses, were depressed by B cell-directed therapies. Vaccinated patients with B-cell malignancies with a poor response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may remain vulnerable to COVID-19 infections.SignificanceThis study represents the first investigation of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses to vaccination in a patient registry using an NGS-based method for T-cell receptor repertoire-based analysis combined with anti-spike antibody assessments. Vaccinated patients with B cell-derived hematologic malignancies are likely at higher risk of infection or severe COVID-19. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 476.
| S-EPMC9894565 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Antibody titres in 462 patients with haematological malignancies after the second (D2) and third (D3) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were compared with those of healthy controls (HCs). Significant decay of antibody titre was observed pre D3, but titre surged post D3. The number of seronegative patients decreased from 79 (17.1%) to 44 (9.5%) from post D2 to post D3, and patients with adequate antibody titre increased from 204 (44.2%) to 358 (77.5%). Of the patients who received B-cell-targeted therapy, 80% were seronegative and 71% remained seronegative after D3. CD19+, CD4+, CD8+ cell counts, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were identified as independent predictors for adequate serologic response.
| S-EPMC9878231 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8295014 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceAntibodies on mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract have been shown to be important for protection from infection with SARS-CoV-2. Here we investigate the induction of serum IgG, saliva IgG, and saliva sIgA after COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination or breakthrough infections.
| S-EPMC10790573 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundUnderstanding the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination will enable accurate counseling and inform evolving vaccination strategies. Little is known about antibody response following booster vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWH).MethodsWe enrolled SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated PLWH and controls without HIV in similar proportions based on age and comorbidities. Participants completed surveys on prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and comorbidities, and provided self-collected dried blood spots (DBS). Quantitative anti-spike IgG and surrogate viral neutralization assays targeted wild-type (WT), Delta, and Omicron variants. We also measured quantitative anti-nucleocapsid IgG. The analysis population had received full SARS-CoV-2 vaccination plus one booster dose. Bivariate analyses for continuous outcomes utilized Wilcoxon tests and multivariate analysis used linear models.ResultsThe analysis population comprised 140 PLWH and 75 controls with median age 58 and 55 years, males 95% and 43%, and DBS collection on 112 and 109 days after the last booster dose, respectively. Median CD4 count among PLWH was 760 cells/mm3 and 91% had an undetectable HIV-1 viral load. Considering WT, Delta, and Omicron variants, there was no significant difference in mean quantitative anti-spike IgG between PLWH (3.3, 2.9, 1.8) and controls (3.3, 2.9, 1.8), respectively (p-values=0. 771, 0.920, 0.708). Surrogate viral neutralization responses were similar in PLWH (1.0, 0.9, and 0.4) and controls (1.0, 0.9, 0.5), respectively (p-values=0.594, 0.436, 0.706).ConclusionsPLWH whose CD4 counts are well preserved and persons without HIV have similar anti-spike IgG antibody levels and viral neutralization responses after a single SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination.
| S-EPMC9868861 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9411255 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Patients with B-cell malignancies have suboptimal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and are a high-risk population for severe COVID19 disease. We evaluated the effect of a third booster BNT162b2 vaccine on the kinetics of anti- SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NAbs) titers in patients with B-cell malignancies. Patients with NHL (n = 54) Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (n = 90) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 49) enrolled in the ongoing NCT04743388 study and compared against matched healthy controls. All patient groups had significantly lower NAbs compared to controls at all time points. 1 month post the third dose (M1P3D) NAbs increased significantly compared to previous time points (median NAbs 77.9%, p < .05 for all comparisons) in all patients. NAbs ≥ 50% were seen in 59.1% of patients, 34.5% of patients with suboptimal responses post-second dose, elicited a protective NAb titer ≥50%. Active treatment, rituximab, and BTKi treatment were the most important prognostic factors for a poor NAb response at 1MP3D; only 25.8% of patients on active treatment had NAbs ≥ 50%. No significant between-group differences were observed. Patients with B-cell malignancies have inferior humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 and booster dose enhances the NAb response in a proportion of these patients.
| S-EPMC9349831 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Replication-incompetent adenoviral vectors have been extensively used as a platform for vaccine design, with at least four anti-COVID-19 vaccines authorized to date. These vaccines elicit neutralizing antibody responses directed against SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and confer significant level of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunization with adenovirus-vectored vaccines is known to be accompanied by the production of anti-vector antibodies, which may translate into reduced efficacy of booster or repeated rounds of revaccination. Here, we used blood samples from patients who received an adenovirus-based Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine to address the question of whether anti-vector antibodies may influence the magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral response after booster vaccination. We observed that rAd26-based prime vaccination with Gam-COVID-Vac induced the development of Ad26-neutralizing antibodies, which persisted in circulation for at least 9 months. Our analysis further indicates that high pre-boost Ad26 neutralizing antibody titers do not appear to affect the humoral immunogenicity of the Gam-COVID-Vac boost. The titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgGs and antibodies, which neutralized both the wild type and the circulating variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 such as Delta and Omicron, were independent of the pre-boost levels of Ad26-neutralizing antibodies. Thus, our results support the development of repeated immunization schedule with adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines.
| S-EPMC9665038 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic around the world has revealed that it is urgently important to develop rapid and inexpensive assays for antibodies in general and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody (anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1 antibody) in particular. Herein we report a method to detect the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody level by using Janus emulsions or Janus particles as biosensors. Janus emulsions are composed of two immiscible hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon oils. The hydrocarbon/water interfaces are functionalized with a secondary antibody of IgG protein and SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD), to produce two different Janus emulsions. Mixtures of these Janus droplets enable the detection of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody in an agglutination assay caused by the antibody's binding to both the secondary antibody of IgG antibody and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD. Both qualitative optical images and quantitative fluorescence spectra are able to detect the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody at concentrations as low as 0.2 μg/mL in 2 h. The detection results of clinical human serum samples using this agglutination assay confirm that this method is applicable to clinical samples with good sensitivity and specificity. The reported method is generalizable and can be used to detect other analytes by attaching different biomolecular recognition elements to the surface of the Janus droplets.
| S-EPMC8231659 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe leading professional organizations in the field of hematology have recommended severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) vaccination for all patients with hematologic malignancies notwithstanding efficacy concerns. Here we report a systematic literature review regarding the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with hematologic malignancies and its key determinants.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of original articles evaluating the seroconversion rates with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in hematological malignancies from the PubMed database published between April 1, 2021 and December 4, 2021. Calculated risk differences (RD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare seroconversion rates between patients with hematologic malignancies versus healthy control subjects used the Review Manager software, version 5.3.ResultsIn our meta-analysis, we included 26 studies with control arms. After the first dose of vaccination, patients with hematologic malignancies had significantly lower seroconversion rates than controls (33.3% vs 74.9%; RD: -0.48%, 95% CI: -0.60%, -0.36%, P < .001). The seroconversion rates increased after the second dose, although a significant difference remained between these 2 groups (65.3% vs 97.8%; RD: -0.35%, 95% CI: -0.42%, -0.28%, P < .001). This difference in seroconversion rates was particularly pronounced for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients (RD: -0.46%, 95% CI: -0.56, -0.37, P < .001), and for patients with B-lineage leukemia/lymphoma treated with anti-CD20 antibodies (RD: -0.70%, 95% CI: -0.88%, -0.51%, P < .001) or Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (BTKi; RD: -0.63%, 95% CI: -0.85%, -0.41%, P < .001). The RD was lower for patients under remission (RD: -0.10%, 95% CI: -0.18%, -0.02%, P = .01).ConclusionThe seroconversion rates following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with hematologic malignancies, especially in CLL patients and patients treated with anti-CD20 antibodies or BTKi, were significantly lower than the seroconversion rates in healthy control subjects. Effective strategies capable of improving vaccine efficacy in these vulnerable patient populations are urgently needed.
| S-EPMC8982368 | biostudies-literature