Secondhand smoke increases the risk of developing kidney stone disease.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chen CH
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8421344 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundTobacco use and secondhand smoke (SHS) are risk factors of kidney stone disease (KSD). The hypothesis is that tobacco produces chemicals that increase oxidative stress and vasopressin, which leads to decreased urine output, and contributes to stone formation. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of smoking and SHS on the development of KSD.Materials and methodsWe analyzed a total of 25,256 volunteers with no history of KSD participated in the Taiwan Biobank. The presence of underlying and follow-up KSD was surveyed by a self-administrated questionnaire. They were classified into three groups on the basis of smoking and SHS exposure, accessed with survey questionnaires; never-smokers with no SHS exposure, never-smokers with SHS exposure and ever-smokers groups.ResultsKSD was noted in 352 (2.0%), 50 (3.3%) and 240 (4.1%) subjects in the never-smokers with no SHS exposure, never-smokers with SHS exposure and ever-smokers groups, respectively, with a mean follow-up of 4 years. The odds ratio (OR) of KSD was higher in the never-smokers with SHS exposure (OR, 1.622; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.225 to 2.255) and ever-smokers groups (OR, 1.282; 95% CI, 1.044 to 1.574) than in the never-smokers with no SHS exposure group after adjustment of confounders. In addition, never-smokers with SHS exposure had similar effects on the development of KSD than ever-smokers (OR, 1.223; 95% CI, 0.852 to 1.756).ConclusionOur study suggests that both smoking and SHS are a risk factor for developing KSD and that the impact of SHS is not inferior to that of smoking.Trial registrationThe study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUHIRB-E(I)-20,210,058).
| S-EPMC10283308 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We aimed to examine the association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of kidney stone development in a large-scale community-based cohort. A total of 121,579 participants enrolled in the Taiwan Biobank were analyzed. They were divided into two groups on the basis of presence of metabolic syndrome. The presence of kidney stone disease was defined by self-reported history of kidney stones. The mean age of participants was 50 years old, and self-reported kidney stones were observed in 3446 (10%) and 4292 (5%) participants with metabolic syndrome and without metabolic syndrome, respectively. Higher prevalence of kidney stone disease was found in participants with metabolic syndrome compared to those without metabolic syndrome (odds ratio (OR), 1.32; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.25 to 1.39). In addition, the risk of incident kidney stone development was analyzed in a longitudinal cohort of 25,263 participants without kidney stones at baseline during a mean follow-up of 47 months. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk for incident kidney stone disease was higher in participants with metabolic syndrome than those without metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.49). Our study suggests that metabolic syndrome does increase the risk of kidney stones.
| S-EPMC8622125 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe 12-month impact of federally mandated smoke-free housing (SFH) policy adoption (July 2018) was assessed using two markers of ambient secondhand smoke (SHS): airborne nicotine and particulate matter at the 2.5-micrometer threshold (PM2.5).MethodsWe measured markers of SHS in Norfolk, VA from December 2017 to December 2018 in six federally subsidized multi-unit public housing buildings. Multi-level regression was used to model the following comparisons: (1) the month immediately before SFH implementation versus the month immediately after, and (2) December 2017 versus December 2018.ResultsThere was a 27% reduction in indoor PM2.5 and a 32% reduction in airborne nicotine in the first month after SFH adoption, compared to the month prior to adoption. However, there was a 33% increase in PM2.5 and a 25% increase in airborne nicotine after 12 months.ConclusionsUS Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)-mandated SFH can reduce SHS in multi-unit housing. However, SFH could also plausibly increase indoor smoking. Policy approaches adopted by individual properties or housing authorities-for example, property-wide bans versus allowing designated smoking areas-could be driving this potential unintended consequence.ImplicationsSuccessful implementation of SFH by public housing authorities in response to the HUD rule requires ongoing attention to implementation strategies. In this sense, SFH likely differs from other policies that might be seen as less intrusive. Long-term success of SFH will depend on careful policy implementation, including plans to educate and support housing authority staff, inform and engage residents, and build effective partnerships with community agencies.
| S-EPMC7899270 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectivesActive smoking is associated with higher risk of various diseases. However, the risk of CKD development in nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke is not well elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association between secondhand smoke exposure and the risk of CKD development among never-smokers.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA total of 131,196 never-smokers with normal kidney function, who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study from 2001 to 2014, were analyzed. The participants were classified into three groups on the basis of frequency of secondhand smoke exposure, assessed with survey questionnaires; no exposure, <3 days per week, and ≥3 days per week. The association between secondhand smoke and CKD, defined as eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, was examined in the cross-sectional analysis. In addition, the risk of incident CKD development was analyzed in a longitudinal cohort of 1948 participants without CKD at baseline, which was a subset of the main cohort.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 53 years, and 75% were women. Prevalent CKD was observed in 231 (1.8%), 64 (1.7%), and 2280 (2.0%) participants in the ≥3 days per week, <3 days per week, and no exposure groups. The odds ratio (OR) of prevalent CKD was significantly higher in the groups exposed to secondhand smoke than the no exposure group (<3 days per week: OR, 1.72; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.30 to 2.27; and ≥3 days per week: OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.70). During a mean follow-up of 104 months, CKD occurred in 319 (16%) participants. Multivariable Cox analysis revealed that the risk for CKD development was higher in participants exposed to secondhand smoke than the no exposure group (<3 days per week: hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.96 to 2.65; and ≥3 days per week: hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.67).ConclusionsExposure to secondhand smoke was associated with a higher prevalence of CKD as well as development of incident CKD.
| S-EPMC6450336 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeAdult secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure is related to stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but long-term effects are less clear. We evaluated whether childhood SHS exposure affects subsequent stroke or CHD risk among adult black and white never-smokers followed for stroke and CHD.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, inverse probability weights were calculated to correct for bias due to attrition and survey nonresponse. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for stroke or CHD, separately, by number of childhood household smokers.ResultsOf 13,142 eligible participants, 6136 had childhood SHS exposure assessed. Baseline mean (SD) age was 63.5 (9.0), 65% were female, 30% black, 46% reported 0 childhood household smokers, 36% reported 1, and 18% reported 2+. In 60,649 person-years, 174 strokes were observed (2.9% of participants), and in 45,195 person-years, 114 CHD events were observed (2.1% of participants). The weighted and adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of stroke for 2+ versus 0 childhood household smokers was 1.66 (1.29-2.13) and was 1.15 (0.82-1.59) for CHD.ConclusionsWe observed a significant association between childhood SHS exposure and stroke, but not CHD, after age 45 years and adjusting for missing information.
| S-EPMC6441374 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate relationships between secondhand smoke exposure in young children and several preclinical markers of cardiovascular risk that have been established as relevant to adult populations.Study designThere were 139 children, 2-5 years of age, enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Secondhand smoke exposure was objectively determined by hair nicotine level; a comprehensive panel of clinical markers (morning blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, lipid profiles, inflammation) and research markers (markers of oxidation, endothelial stress, and endothelial repair) of cardiovascular risk status were assessed. Univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to evaluate relationships between secondhand smoke exposure and cardiovascular risk markers.ResultsHair nicotine levels were correlated directly with blood pressure and serum C-reactive protein, and inversely correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and endothelial cell progenitor cell prevalence. In multivariate analyses, these relationships remained when controlled for age, sex, body mass index z-score, maternal education, and method of payment. Additionally, in multivariate analyses, hair nicotine level was significantly negatively correlated with total antioxidant capacity.ConclusionsThese results support the view that secondhand smoke exposure in the very young has a detectable relationship with several markers of cardiovascular risk, long before the emergence of clinical disease. Further studies to define mechanisms and strategies to prevent and mitigate these risks early in life are warranted.
| S-EPMC6446918 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundProspective evidence on the association between secondhand-smoke exposure and tuberculosis is limited.MethodsWe included 23,827 never smokers from two rounds (2001 and 2005) of Taiwan National Health Interview Survey. Information on exposure to secondhand smoke at home as well as other sociodemographic and behavioral factors was collected through in-person interview. The participants were prospectively followed for incidence of tuberculosis through cross-matching the survey database to the national tuberculosis registry of Taiwan.ResultsA total of 85 cases of active tuberculosis were identified after a median follow-up of 7.0 years. The prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke at home was 41.8% in the study population. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, secondhand smoke was not associated with active tuberculosis (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.64). In the subgroup analysis, the association between secondhand smoke and tuberculosis decreased with increasing age; the adjusted HR for those <18, > = 18 and <40, > = 40 and <60, and > = 60 years old was 8.48 (0.77 to 93.56), 2.29 (0.75 to 7.01), 1.33 (0.58 to 3.01), and 0.66 (0.35 to 1.23) respectively. Results from extensive sensitivity analyses suggested that potential misclassification of secondhand-smoke exposure would not substantially affect the observed associations.ConclusionsThe results from this prospective cohort study did not support an overall association between secondhand smoke and tuberculosis. However, the finding that adolescents might be particularly susceptible to secondhand smoke's effect warrants further investigation.
| S-EPMC3808396 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundKidney stone disease (KSD) is a common illness that causes an economic burden globally. It is easy for patients to relapse once they have suffered from this disease. The reported recurrence rate of KSD ranged from 6.1% to 66.9%. We performed this meta-analysis to identify various potential risk factors for the recurrence of KSD.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched using suitable keywords from inception to Mar 2022. A total of 2,663 records were collected initially. After screening the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 53 articles (40 retrospective studies; 13 prospective studies) including 488,130 patients were enrolled. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42020171771).ResultsThe pooled results indicated that 12 risk factors including younger age (n = 18), higher BMI (n = 16), family history of kidney stones (n = 12), personal history of kidney stones (n = 11), hypertension (n = 5), uric acid stone (n = 4), race of Caucasian (n = 3), suspected kidney stone episode before the first confirmed stone episode (n = 3), surgery (n = 3), any concurrent asymptomatic (nonobstructing) stone (n = 2), pelvic or lower pole kidney stone (n = 2), and 24 h urine test completion (n = 2) were identified to be associated with KSD recurrence. In the subgroup analysis, patients with higher BMI (OR = 1.062), personal history of nephrolithiasis (OR = 1.402), or surgery (OR = 3.178) had a higher risk of radiographic KSD recurrence.ConclusionsWe identified 12 risk factors related to the recurrence of KSD. The results of this analysis could serve to construct recurrence prediction models. It could also supply a basis for preventing the recurrence of KSD.
| S-EPMC9017041 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We examined how physicians made therapeutic choices to decrease stone risk in patients with bowel disease without colon resection, many of whom have enteric hyperoxaluria (EH), at a single clinic. We analyzed clinic records and 24-h urine collections before and after the first clinic visit, among 100 stone formers with bowel disease. We used multivariate linear regression and t tests to compare effects of fluid intake, alkali supplementation, and oxalate-focused interventions on urine characteristics. Patients advised to increase fluid intake had lower initial urine volumes (L/day; 1.3 ± 0.5 vs. 1.7 ± 0.7) and increased volume more than those not so advised (0.7 ± 0.6 vs. 0.3 ± 0.6 p = 0.03; intervention vs. non-intervention). Calcium oxalate supersaturation (CaOx SS) fell (95% CI -4.3 to -0.8). Alkali supplementation increased urine pH (0.34 ± 0.53 vs. 0.22 ± 0.55, p = 0.26) and urine citrate (mg/d; 83 ± 256 vs. 98 ± 166, p = 0.74). Patients advised to reduce oxalate (mg/day) absorption had higher urine oxalate at baseline (88 ± 44 vs. 50 ± 26) which was unchanged on follow-up (88 (baseline) vs. 91 (follow-up), p = 0.90). Neither alkali (95% CI -1.4 to 2.1) nor oxalate-focused advice (95% CI -1.2 to 2.3) lowered CaOx SS. Physicians chose treatments based on baseline urine characteristics. Advice to increase fluid intake increased urine volume and decreased CaOx SS. Alkali and oxalate interventions were ineffective.
| S-EPMC9972896 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The estimated effects of recent pubic and workplace smoking restriction laws suggest that they produce significant declines in community rates of heart attack. The consistency of these declines with existing estimates of the relative risk of heart attack in individuals attributable to passive smoking exposure is poorly understood. The objective is to determine the consistency of estimates of reductions in community rates of heart attacks resulting from smoking restriction laws with estimates of the relative risk of heart disease in individuals exposed to passive smoking.Meta-analyses of existing estimates of declines in community rates were compared with a mathematical model of the relationship between individual risk and community rates. The outcome measure is the ratio of community rates of acute myocardial infarction (after divided by before implementation of a smoking restriction law). There is a significant drop in the rate of acute myocardial infarction hospital admissions associated with the implementation of strong smoke-free legislation. The primary reason for heterogeneity in results of different studies is the duration of follow-up after adoption of the law. The pooled random-effects estimate of the rate of acute myocardial infarction hospitalization 12 months after implementation of the law is 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.80 to 0.87), and this benefit grows with time. This drop in admissions is consistent with a range of plausible individual risk and exposure scenarios.Passage of strong smoke-free legislation produces rapid and substantial benefits in terms of reduced acute myocardial infarctions, and these benefits grow with time.
| S-EPMC2967202 | biostudies-literature