Project description:Iatrogenic cardiac perforation is a major complication of cardiac intervention. Surgical correction of perforation is standard of care. We discuss a pacing wire induced right ventricular perforation during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Open heart surgery was high risk due to age and COVID-related significant lung involvement. As a bailout measure, the perforation was successfully closed with transcatheter intervention. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
Project description:Highlights•Aorto-right ventricular fistula is a rare diagnosis and is on the spectrum of aortic periannular rupture.•Multimodality imaging is crucial in identifying aortic periannular rupture, defining its course, and for preprocedural planning.•We describe a case of aorto-right ventricular fistula, which was successfully treated using an Amplazter vascular plug intravenous device (St. Jude Medical) and is to our knowledge the first reported case of using a plugging device for this type of disorder.
Project description:Background?:Creation of an iatrogenic aorto-right atrial fistula is a rare but clinically relevant complication of cardiac surgery. Transfemoral percutaneous closure is an attractive alternative to surgical repair, but there are no reports about transcatheter repair using a complete arm access. Case summary?:We present the case of a 44-year-old woman with heart failure (NewYork Heart Association Class III) due to a longstanding iatrogenic fistula from the non-coronary aortic cusp to the right atrium (RA) with aorta to RA shunting and severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) caused by mitral valve replacement 15?years ago. The patient was successfully treated by percutaneous closure with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II using complete brachial access. Following the procedure right heart chambers and TR decreased and symptoms resolved. Discussion?:To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of percutaneous repair of an aorto-right atrial fistula using total arm accesses (radial artery and basilic vein). In appropriately selected patients, this approach is an attractive alternative to femoral access.
Project description:An 88-year-old woman with a prior history of aortic stenosis and history of valvuloplasty presented with worsening symptoms of heart failure and dizziness. She underwent successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) without complications. Follow-up echocardiograms revealed a small fistula connecting aorta to the right ventricle. The patient was initially asymptomatic but 3 months later developed overload of the right ventricle and heart failure and chose to continue medical therapy. She died of progressive heart failure at 9 months from onset of fistula. Aorto-right ventricular fistula is a rare complication of TAVR with only four cases reported in literature thus far.
Project description:Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) techniques are rapidly evolving, and results of published trials suggest that TAVR is emerging as the standard of care in certain patient subsets and a viable alternative to surgery in others. As TAVR is a relatively new procedure and continues to gain its acceptance, rare procedural complications will continue to appear. Our case is about an 89-year-old male with extensive past medical history who presented with progressive exertional dyspnea and angina secondary to severe aortic stenosis. Patient got TAVR and his postoperative course was complicated by complete heart block, aorto-RV fistula, and ventricular septal defect (VSD) formation as a complication of TAVR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third reported case of aorto-RV fistula following TAVR as a procedural complication but the first one to show three complications all together in one patient.
Project description:BackgroundInterventricular septal perforation is an extremely rare complication of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), with an incidence of 1%. The most common mechanism is a 'steam pop', which can be described as 'mini-explosions' of gas bubbles. Data for percutaneous repair of cardiac perforations due to RFA are limited.Case summaryA 78-year-old female patient was referred to our department for the treatment of two iatrogenic ventricular septal defects (VSDs) following radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of premature ventricular contractions. One week post-ablation, chest pain and progressive dyspnoea occurred. Transthoracic echocardiography detected a VSD, diameter 10 mm. Hence, iatrogenic, RFA-related myocardial injury was considered the most likely cause of VSD, and the patient was referred to our tertiary care centre for surgical repair. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging demonstrated border-zone oedema of the VSD only and confirmed the absence of necrotic tissue boundaries, and the patient was deemed suitable for percutaneous device closure. Laevocardiography identified an additional, smaller muscular defect that cannot be explained by analysing the Carto-Map. Both defects could be successfully closed percutaneously using two Amplatzer VSD occluder devices.DiscussionIn conclusion, this case demonstrates a successful percutaneous closure of a VSD resulting from RFA using an Amplatzer septal occluder device. CMR might improve tissue characterization of the VSD borders and support the decision if to opt for interventional or surgical closure.
Project description:A 78-year-old woman was brought to our hospital for chest pain with shock status. An electrocardiogram showed ST elevation in the precordial leads. Echocardiography showed an anteroseptal wall motion abnormality with left-to-right shunt at the apex. Emergency coronary angiography revealed occlusion in the mid portion of the left anterior descending artery, and left ventriculography showed ventricular septal rupture (VSR). Despite successful emergency surgical VSR repair, the VSR recurred 10 days after surgery, and the patient required intra-aortic balloon pumping and mechanical ventilation. Although reoperation for VSR closure was attempted 33 days after admission, open heart surgery was not completed due to severe tissue adhesions from the prior cardiac surgery. The patient ultimately underwent transcatheter closure for VSR using an Amplatzer duct occluder 56 days after hospital admission, and her hemodynamics markedly improved. She was transferred to a regional hospital for rehabilitation without oxygen therapy or intravenous treatments 81 days after the percutaneous intervention. In conclusion, percutaneous device closure of post-infarction VSR may be an alternative treatment to surgical repair for inoperable cases. <Learning objective: Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but frequently fatal complication of acute myocardial infarction and often requires early surgery. However, the recurrence rate of VSR after surgery is high, and reoperation is often difficult because of the critical nature of the patients' condition. The present case report highlights the effectiveness of percutaneous closure of VSR using Amplatzer devices for seriously ill patients with a high risk of reoperation.>.
Project description:Tricuspid valve (TV) injury following transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PMVSD) with Amplatzer ductal occluder I (ADO I), requiring surgical repair, is rare. We report two cases of TV tear involving the anterior and septal leaflets following PMVSD closure using ADO I. In both the patients, the subvalvular apparatus remained unaffected. The patients presented with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) 6 weeks and 3 months following the device closure. They underwent surgical repair with patch augmentation of the TV leaflets. Postoperatively, both are asymptomatic with a mild residual TR.
Project description:A 21-year-old male presented with severe aortic paravalvular leak. He had undergone three cardiac surgeries and also had chronic kidney disease. It was decided for a trans-catheter closure owing to the risks of a fourth surgery and co-morbidity. The device was sized based on angiogram, balloon sizing and two dimensional transesophageal echo. There was significant residual leak after deployment of first device. Hence the defect was re-crossed and two duct occluder devices were positioned across the leak from two arterial access. After confirming position and satisfactory reduction in paravalvular leak, the devices were released in tandem. There was near abolition of leak. The patient is asymptomatic at three months follow up. Larger paravalvular leaks are better addressed with two devices of smaller size rather than a single large device. Technical considerations while deploying multiple devices are discussed.