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Does a Vegetarian Diet Affect the Levels of Myokine and Adipokine in Prepubertal Children?

ABSTRACT: Myokines are cytokines secreted by muscle and exert autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects. Myokines mediate communication between muscle and other organs, including adipose tissue. The aim of the study was to assess serum myokines and their relationships with adipokines and anthropometric and nutritional parameters in children following vegetarian and omnivorous diets. One hundred and five prepubertal children were examined. Among them there were 55 children on a vegetarian diet and 50 children on an omnivorous diet. Concentrations of myokines (myostatin, irisin) and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, omentin, visfatin) in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We observed comparable median values of serum myokines and adipokines (except of leptin concentration) in both of the studied groups of children. We also found several correlations between myokine and adipokine levels and certain nutritional parameters. Serum myostatin was positively correlated with omentin levels in vegetarians and omnivores (p = 0.002). Serum irisin was positively associated with omentin (p = 0.045) levels in omnivores and inversely with visfatin concentration (p = 0.037) in vegetarians. Myostatin concentration was negatively correlated with the percentage of energy from protein (p = 0.014), calcium (p = 0.046), and vitamin A (p = 0.028) intakes in vegetarians and with dietary vitamin C (p = 0.041) and vitamin E (p = 0.021) intakes in omnivores. In multivariate regression analyses, positive correlations of serum myostatin with omentin levels were revealed in both study groups (β = 0.437, p < 0.001 for vegetarians; and β = 0.359, p = 0.001 for omnivores). Consuming a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet did not influence serum levels of myokines (myostatin, irisin) and adipokines such as adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin in prepubertal children. However, leptin levels were significantly lower in vegetarians compared with omnivores. The observed significant positive correlations between myostatin and omentin concentrations might suggest tissue cross-talk between skeletal muscle and fat tissue. Further studies, carried out in a larger group of children following different dietary patterns, could be important to fully understand the relations between muscle, adipose tissues, and nutrition.

SUBMITTER: Ambroszkiewicz J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8432473 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundAdipokines and the myokine irisin, involved in mechanisms associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS), are understudied in the pediatric population.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between irisin, and leptin, resistin, adiponectin, adipsin, anthropometric and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican children.MethodsA cross-sample of 126 Mexican children aged 6-12 years old were classified as normal weight (n?=?46), obese (n?=?40), and MS (n?=?40) according to CDC's and Cook's age-modified criteria for obesity and MS. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were determined and percentiles calculated for age and gender. Irisin, leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, resistin, triglycerides, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels, and physical activity were determined. Statistical tests for differences between groups, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were performed.ResultsIrisin plasma levels were significantly lower in the obese (6.08 [4.68-6.65]) and MS groups (6.46 [5.74-7.02]) compared with the normal-weight group (8.05 [7.24-8.94]) (p?<?0.001). Irisin levels were not influenced by age or gender, but significant dispersion was observed in obese girls (95% CI median [2.29-6.30]). Leptin, resistin, and adipsin levels were significantly increased in the obese and MS groups. Lean-fat ratio was significantly higher in the NW group. Irisin correlated negatively with leptin (-?0.310), resistin (-?0.389), adipsin (-?0.362), BMI% (-0.472), WC% (-?0.453), BMI z-score (-?0.496), fat free mass (-?0.257), fat percentage (-?0.532), fat mass (-?0.515), triglycerides (-?0.291), the number of cardiometabolic risk factors (-?0.443) (p?<?0.001); positively with lean-fat ratio (0.489) and HDL-c (0.328) (p?<?0.001) and none with physical activity (p?<?0.001). Following stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the lean-fat ratio was the only determinant of irisin levels (B?=?1.168, p?<?0.001).ConclusionsLean-fat ratio, more than the absolute amount of muscle or fat mass, as well as potential myokine-adipokine cross-talk mechanisms may explain the lower irisin levels in children with obesity and MS, through blunted compensatory responses interfering with tissue-dependent irisin secretion, contributing to a continuous deleterious effect cycle.

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Does a Vegetarian Diet Affect the Levels of Myokine and Adipokine in Prepubertal Children?

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