Sex-differences in the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on patients hospitalized with pulmonary embolism and on in-hospital mortality.
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SUBMITTER: de-Miguel-Diez J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8443545 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized in the aging population, especially with the rising obesity epidemic. The impact of OSA on inpatient mortality in PE is not well understood. We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases from 2005 to 2016 to identify 755,532 acute PE patients (age≥18 years). Among these, 61,050 (8.1%) were OSA+. Temporal trends in length of stay, inpatient mortality, and its association with OSA in PE patients were analyzed. The proportion of PE patients who were OSA+ increased from 2005 to 2016. OSA+ PE patients were younger and predominantly men. Despite a higher prevalence of traditional risk factors for inpatient mortality in OSA+ patients, OSA was associated with a lower risk of mortality in PE patients (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval; p: unadjusted 0.56, 0.53-0.58; p < 0.0001 and adjusted 0.55, 0.52-0.58; p < 0.0001). Overall mortality and length of stay in PE patients decreased over time. Relative to OSA- patients, there was a slight increase in mortality among OSA+ PE patients over time, although the length of stay remained unchanged between the two groups. In conclusion, OSA+ PE patients had a lower inpatient mortality compared to OSA- patients despite a higher prevalence of traditional mortality risk factors. Secondary pulmonary hypertension related to OSA with preconditioning of the right ventricle to elevated afterload may potentially explain the protective effect of OSA on mortality in PE. However, mechanistic studies need to further elucidate the links behind this association.
| S-EPMC8013707 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Study objectivesThe objectives of this study were to assess the effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the risk of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), hospital outcomes including mortality, and PE recurrence.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled adult patients, admitted to Mayo Clinic Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota, within a 5-year period (2009-2013). We compared frequency of PE, hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes in patients with OSA versus patients without OSA. We assessed risk of PE recurrence in relation to compliance with OSA therapy.ResultsOf 25,038 patients, 3,184 (13%) had OSA and 283 (1.1%) experienced PE. Frequency of PE in patients with and without OSA was 2.4% versus 0.9% (odds ratio [OR], 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-3.3; P < .001). OSA was independently associated with increased risk of PE after adjusting for demographics and comorbidities (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.07-1.9; P = .017). Adjusted hospital mortality was increased in patients with PE (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.7-4.9; P < .001) but not in patients with OSA (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.7-1.4, P = .92). OSA was not a significant determining factor for mortality in patients who experienced a PE (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.1.1-2.78; P = .47), adjusting for demographics, PE severity, and Charlson comorbidity index. Adjusted risk of PE recurrence was greater in patients with OSA compared with patients without OSA (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.05-4.68; P < .04). The patients compliant with OSA therapy had a lower rate of PE recurrence (16% vs 32%; P = not significant).ConclusionsAlthough OSA significantly increases risk of acute PE occurrence and recurrences, related hospital mortality was not greater in patients with OSA compared with those without OSA. OSA therapy might have a modifying effect on PE recurrence.
| S-EPMC7954077 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesPrior studies have identified symptom subtypes of moderate to severe (AHI >15) obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). They have not yet been consistently examined in those with mild OSA (AHI 5-15 events/hour). This is important as women are more likely than men to present with mild OSA and may present with different OSA symptoms. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) symptom subtypes in mild OSA and 2) if there are sex differences in the distribution of subtypes.MethodsThe sample included men (n = 921) and women (n = 797) with mild OSA, aged 39-90 years, evaluated with a single night of in-home polysomnography as part of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Latent class analysis determined symptom subtypes. Testing for sex differences relative to OSA severity and symptom subtype used chi-squared test for independence. Bonferroni corrected z-tests compared column proportions.ResultsSymptom subtypes of mild OSA were not significantly different than those identified in prior studies of moderate-severe OSA (p > 0.05): minimally symptomatic (36.4%), disturbed sleep (11.6%), moderately sleepy (37%), and excessively sleepy (15%), p > 0.05. Sex differences within the symptom subtypes were significant [χ2(df = 3) = 30.04, p < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.132]. Relative to men, women were more likely to be in the disturbed sleep subtype (p < 0.05), and the excessively sleepy subtype (p < 0.05) while less likely to be in the moderately sleep (<0.05) subtype. Women and men were equally represented in the minimal symptoms subtype (p > 0.05).ConclusionsResults suggest symptom reporting among individuals with mild OSA differs as a function of sex. These data have important clinical implications for screening men and women for OSA.
| S-EPMC8364755 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with prothrombotic effects that could lead to venous thromboembolic disease. We performed a prospective cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of snoring and risk of OSA in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).MethodsWe evaluated 270 consecutive patients who underwent a computed tomographic angiogram for suspected PE. Patients without PE served as a control group. Demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed. The Berlin Questionnaire was used to determine the presence of snoring and the risk of OSA. A subset of patients also underwent formal nocturnal polysomnography.ResultsPE was present in 71 (26%) of the 270 patients who underwent a computed tomographic angiogram. When compared with patients without PE, patients with PE had a significantly higher prevalence of snoring (75% vs 50%, odds ratio = 2.91, 95% confidence interval: 1.60, 5.33, P = 0.001) and an increased risk of having OSA, as defined by the Berlin Questionnaire (65% vs 36%, odds ratio = 3.25, confidence interval: 1.84, 5.72, P < 0.001). Results from the multivariate analysis showed that PE was independently associated with risk of OSA (OR = 2.78, P = 0.001).ConclusionsWe found a higher prevalence of snoring and high risk of OSA in patients diagnosed with acute PE, in comparison with patients in whom PE was suspected but ruled out. This association might be independent of other risks factors common to both OSA and PE. Therefore, OSA may represent a risk factor for the development of PE.
| S-EPMC2910466 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The current review aimed to assess the effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the severity and outcomes of pulmonary embolism (PE). PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, CENTRAL and Google Scholar were searched for studies assessing the impact of OSA on severity and outcomes of PE. A total of 12 studies were included. Meta-analysis revealed that simplified PE severity index of >1 and pulmonary artery obstruction index score was significantly higher in patients with OSA as compared with controls, but there was no difference in right ventricle to left ventricle short-axis diameter. The need for non-invasive ventilation was significantly higher in patients with OSA but there was no difference in the need for mechanical ventilation. Patients with OSA had a significantly higher incidence of recurrence of PE. Meta-analysis also showed a statistically significantly lower risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with OSA as compared with controls, but without any difference in the risk of late mortality. Adjusted data on mortality indicated a significantly lower risk of mortality in PE patients with comorbid OSA. Limited data shows that comorbid OSA increases the severity of PE but has no effect on right ventricular function. OSA may increase the risk of recurrent PE. Paradoxically, the presence of OSA may also reduce the risk of in-hospital mortality. Results must be interpreted with caution owing to high inter-study heterogeneity and lack of matching of baseline characteristics. Current evidence needs to be confirmed by high-quality prospective studies.
| S-EPMC9932632 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The bases for sex disparities in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is poorly understood. We quantified the influences of event definitions, sleep-state, and body position on apnea-hypopnea indices (AHIs) in men and women, and evaluated sex differences in pathophysiological endotypes. Polysomnography (PSG) data were analyzed from 2057 participants from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Alternative AHIs were compared using various desaturation and arousal criteria. Endotypes (loop gain, airway collapsibility, arousal threshold) were derived using breath-by-breath analysis of PSG signals. Regression models estimated the extent to which endotypes explained sex differences in AHI. The sample (mean 68.5 ± 9.2 years) included 54% women. OSA (AHI4P ≥15/h, defined by events with ≥4% desaturations) was found in 41.1% men and 21.8% women. Compared to AHI4P, male/female AHI ratios decreased by 5%-10% when using 3%-desaturation and/or arousal criteria; p < 0.05. REM-OSA (REM-AHI ≥15/h) was similar in men and women regardless of event desaturation criteria. REM-AHI4P ≥15/h was observed in 57% of men and women each. In NREM, AHI4P in men was 2.49 (CI95: 2.25, 2.76) of that in women. Women demonstrated lower loop gain, less airway collapsibility, and lower arousal threshold in NREM (ps < 0.0005). Endotypes explained 30% of the relative sex differences in NREM-AHI4P. There are significant sex differences in NREM-AHI levels and in physiological endotypes. Physiological endotypes explained a significant portion of the relative sex differences in NREM-AHI. Definitions that use 4%-desaturation criteria under-estimate AHI in women. Combining NREM and REM events obscures OSA prevalence in REM in women.
| S-EPMC7215264 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with metabolic dysregulation and systemic inflammation. This may be due to pathophysiologic effects of OSA on visceral adipose tissue. We sought to assess the transcriptional consequences of OSA on adipocytes by utilizing pathway-focused analyses. Methods: Patients scheduled to undergo ventral hernia repair surgery were recruited to wear a portable home sleep monitor for two nights prior to surgery. Visceral fat biopsies were obtained intra-operatively. RNA was extracted and whole-genome expression profiling was performed. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify curated gene sets that were differentially enriched in OSA subjects. Network analysis was applied to a select set of highly enriched pathways. Results: 10 patients with OSA and 8 control subjects were recruited. There were no differences in age, gender, body mass index between the two groups, but the OSA subjects had a significantly higher respiratory disturbance index (19.2 vs. 0.6, P-value 0.05) and worse hypoxemia (minimum oxygen saturation 79.7% vs. 87.8%, P-value < 0.001). GSEA identified a number of gene sets up-regulated in adipose tissue of OSA patients including the pro-inflammatory NF-M-NM-:B pathway and the proteolytic ubiquitin/proteasome module. A critical metabolic pathway, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), was down-regulated in subjects with OSA. Network analysis linked members of these modules together and identified regulatory hubs. Conclusions: OSA is associated with alterations in visceral fat gene expression. Pathway-based network analysis highlighted perturbations in several key pathways whose coordinated interactions may contribute to the metabolic dysregulation observed in this complex disorder. Total RNA from visceral fat of 18 subjects (10 OSA, 8 Control) was hybridized to 18 Affymetrix Genechip Human Gene 1.0 ST microarrays.
2012-09-01 | E-GEOD-38792 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:While the presence of gender disparities in cardiovascular disease have been described, there is a paucity of data regarding the impact of sex in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We identified all patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital with acute PE between August 1, 2012 through July 1, 2018. We stratified the presenting characteristics, management, and outcomes between women and men. Of the 2031 patients admitted with acute PE, 1081 (53.2%) were women. Women were more likely to present with dyspnea (59.8% vs 52.0%, p < 0.001) and less likely to present with hemoptysis (1.9% vs 4.0%, p = 0.01). Women were older (63.8 ± 17.4 years vs 62.3 ± 15.0 years, p = 0.04), but had lower rates of myocardial infarction, liver disease, smoking history, and prior DVT. PE severity was similar between women and men (massive: 4.9% vs 3.6%; submassive: 43.9% vs 41.8%; p = 0.19), yet women were more likely to present with normal right ventricular size on a surface echocardiogram (63.2% vs 54.8%, p = 0.01). In unadjusted analyses, women were less likely to survive to discharge (92.4% vs 94.7%, p = 0.04), but after adjustment, there was no sex-based survival difference. There were no sex differences in the PE-related diagnostic studies performed, use of advanced therapies, or short-term outcomes, before and after adjustment (p > 0.05 for all). In this large PE cohort from a tertiary care institution, women had different comorbidity profiles and PE presentations compared with men. Despite these differences, there were no sex disparities in PE management or outcomes.
| S-EPMC8076890 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with metabolic dysregulation and systemic inflammation. This may be due to pathophysiologic effects of OSA on visceral adipose tissue. We sought to assess the transcriptional consequences of OSA on adipocytes by utilizing pathway-focused analyses. Methods: Patients scheduled to undergo ventral hernia repair surgery were recruited to wear a portable home sleep monitor for two nights prior to surgery. Visceral fat biopsies were obtained intra-operatively. RNA was extracted and whole-genome expression profiling was performed. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify curated gene sets that were differentially enriched in OSA subjects. Network analysis was applied to a select set of highly enriched pathways. Results: 10 patients with OSA and 8 control subjects were recruited. There were no differences in age, gender, body mass index between the two groups, but the OSA subjects had a significantly higher respiratory disturbance index (19.2 vs. 0.6, P-value 0.05) and worse hypoxemia (minimum oxygen saturation 79.7% vs. 87.8%, P-value < 0.001). GSEA identified a number of gene sets up-regulated in adipose tissue of OSA patients including the pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway and the proteolytic ubiquitin/proteasome module. A critical metabolic pathway, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), was down-regulated in subjects with OSA. Network analysis linked members of these modules together and identified regulatory hubs. Conclusions: OSA is associated with alterations in visceral fat gene expression. Pathway-based network analysis highlighted perturbations in several key pathways whose coordinated interactions may contribute to the metabolic dysregulation observed in this complex disorder.
2012-09-01 | GSE38792 | GEO
Project description:BACKGROUND:Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is common in adults. People with OSAS have a higher risk of experiencing traffic accidents and occupational injuries (OIs). We aimed to clarify the diagnostic performance of a three-channel screening device (ApneaLinkTM) compared with the gold standard of full-night attended polysomnography (PSG) among hospital outpatients not referred for sleep-related symptoms. Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether manual revision of the ApneaLinkTM autoscore enhanced diagnostic performance. METHODS:We investigated 68 patients with OI and 44 without OI recruited from the University Hospital Basel emergency room, using a cross-sectional study design. Participating patients spent one night at home with ApneaLinkTM and within 2 weeks slept for one night at the sleep laboratory. We reanalyzed all ApneaLinkTM data after manual revision. RESULTS:We identified significant correlations between the ApneaLinkTM apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) autoscore and the AHI derived by PSG (r = 0.525; p <0.001) and between the ApneaLinkTM oxygen desaturation index (ODI) autoscore and that derived by PSG (r = 0.722; p <0.001). The ApneaLinkTM autoscore showed a sensitivity and specificity of 82% when comparing AHI ≥5 with the cutoff for AHI and/or ODI ≥15 from PSG. In Bland Altman plots the mean difference between ApneaLinkTM AHI autoscore and PSG was 2.75 with SD ± 8.80 (β = 0.034), and between ApneaLinkTM AHI revised score and PSG -1.50 with SD ± 9.28 (β = 0.060). CONCLUSIONS:The ApneaLinkTM autoscore demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity compared with the gold standard (full-night attended PSG). However, Bland Altman plots revealed substantial fluctuations between PSG and ApneaLinkTM AHI autoscore respectively manually revised score. This spread for the AHI from a clinical perspective is large, and therefore the results have to be interpreted with caution. Furthermore, our findings suggest that there is no clinical benefit in manually revising the ApneaLinkTM autoscore.
| S-EPMC5976202 | biostudies-literature