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Single-cell immune profiling reveals distinct immune response in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.

ABSTRACT: While some individuals infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) present mild-to-severe disease, many SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals are asymptomatic. We sought to identify the distinction of immune response between asymptomatic and moderate patients. We performed single-cell transcriptome and T-cell/B-cell receptor (TCR/BCR) sequencing in 37 longitudinal collected peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from asymptomatic, moderate, and severe patients with healthy controls. Asymptomatic patients displayed increased CD56^briCD16^- natural killer (NK) cells and upregulation of interferon-gamma in effector CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells and NK cells. They showed more robust TCR clonal expansion, especially in effector CD4⁺ T cells, but lack strong BCR clonal expansion compared to moderate patients. Moreover, asymptomatic patients have lower interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression in general but large interpatient variability, whereas moderate patients showed various magnitude and temporal dynamics of the ISGs expression across multiple cell populations but lower than a patient with severe disease. Our data provide evidence of different immune signatures to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic infections.

SUBMITTER: Zhao XN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8443960 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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