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Inhibitory effect of honokiol on furin-like activity and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

ABSTRACT: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a pandemic and has caused damage to the lives of the people and economy of countries. However, the therapeutic reagents against SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 contains a cleavage motif at the S1/S2 boundary, known to be cleaved by furin. As cleavage is essential for S protein activation and viral entry, furin was selected as the target compound. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of two lignans (honokiol and magnolol) on furin-like enzymatic activity using a fluorogenic substrate with whole-cell lysates. Of two compounds tested, honokiol partially inhibited furin-like enzymatic activity. We further examined the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of honokiol using VeroE6 cell line, which is stably expressing a transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). It was shown that honokiol exhibited remarkable inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, honokiol and crude drugs which contain honokiol such as Magnolia species have a potential therapeutic reagents for SARS-CoV-2.

SUBMITTER: Tanikawa T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8444047 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The COVID-19 causing coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) remains a public health threat worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 enters human lung cells via its spike glycoprotein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Notably, the cleavage of the spike by the host cell protease furin in virus-producing cells is critical for subsequent spike-driven entry into lung cells. Thus, effective targeted therapies blocking the spike cleavage and activation in viral producing cells may provide an alternate strategy to break the viral transmission cycle and to overcome disease pathology. Here we engineered and described an antibody-based targeted strategy, which directly competes with the furin mediated proteolytic activation of the spike in virus-producing cells. The described approach involves engineering competitive furin substrate residues in the IgG1 Fc-extended flexible linker domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike targeting antibodies. Considering the site of spike furin cleavage and SARS-CoV-2 egress remains uncertain, the experimental strategy pursued here revealed novel mechanistic insights into proteolytic processing of the spike protein, which suggest that processing does not occur in the constitutive secretory pathway. Furthermore, our results show blockade of furin-mediated cleavage of the spike protein for membrane fusion activation and virus host-cell entry function. These findings provide an alternate insight of targeting applicability to SARS-CoV-2 and the future coronaviridae family members, exploiting the host protease system to gain cellular entry and subsequent chain of infections. IMPORTANCE Since its emergence in December 2019, COVID-19 has remained a global economic and health threat. Although RNA and DNA vector-based vaccines induced antibody response and immunological memory have proven highly effective against hospitalization and mortality, their long-term efficacy remains unknown against continuously evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants. As host cell-enriched furin-mediated cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is critical for viral entry and chain of the infection cycle, the solution described here of an antibody Fc-conjugated furin competing peptide is significant. In a scenario where spike mutational drifts do not interfere with the Fc-conjugated antibody's epitope, the proposed furin competing strategy confers a broad-spectrum targeting design to impede the production of efficiently transmissible SARS-CoV-2 viral particles. In addition, the proposed approach is plug-and-play against other potentially deadly viruses that exploit secretory pathway independent host protease machinery to gain cellular entry and subsequent transmissions to host cells.

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Inhibitory effect of honokiol on furin-like activity and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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