COVID-19 restrictions probably brought the 2019-2020 Finnish influenza season to an early end and led to fewer respiratory viruses among infants.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kelloniemi S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8444869 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Older adults (≥65 years) are at elevated risk of influenza-related morbidity and mortality. Many developed countries do not achieve the World Health Organization influenza immunization target of 75% in people ≥65 years. We aimed to determine whether a brief pharmacy phone call could increase vaccine uptake of standard and enhanced influenza. Twenty-eight community pharmacists across Canada performed a telephone consultation with 643 older adults whose primary care records indicated that they had not received their influenza vaccination from their usual practitioner. Of these 643 adults, 169 (26.3%) had been vaccinated in another setting. Of the remaining 474, 313 (66%) agreed to receive the vaccine. Of those who refused vaccination, 69 provided a rationale for not wanting it, including that the flu shot "causes the flu" (n = 25), "doesn't work" (n = 25), "is too painful" (n = 10), and other (n = 10). Overall, of the 643 individuals who had not received their vaccination from their usual health care provider in the first wave of vaccinations, 75.4% (n = 485) ultimately received their vaccination in the 2019-2020 season. This highlights the important role of the community pharmacist in achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) targets for vaccination.
| S-EPMC8065524 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute respiratory infection with the most severe disease in the young and elderly. Non-pharmaceutical interventions and travel restrictions for controlling COVID-19 have impacted the circulation of most respiratory viruses including RSV globally, particularly in Australia, where during 2020 the normal winter epidemics were notably absent. However, in late 2020, unprecedented widespread RSV outbreaks occurred, beginning in spring, and extending into summer across two widely separated regions of the Australian continent, New South Wales (NSW) and Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in the east, and Western Australia. Through genomic sequencing we reveal a major reduction in RSV genetic diversity following COVID-19 emergence with two genetically distinct RSV-A clades circulating cryptically, likely localised for several months prior to an epidemic surge in cases upon relaxation of COVID-19 control measures. The NSW/ACT clade subsequently spread to the neighbouring state of Victoria and to cause extensive outbreaks and hospitalisations in early 2021. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance and sequencing of RSV and other respiratory viruses during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as mitigation measures may disrupt seasonal patterns, causing larger or more severe outbreaks.
| S-EPMC9130497 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesPatients with modified World Health Organization (mWHO) class IV cardiovascular conditions are at high risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality in pregnancy and are advised to avoid pregnancy or consider abortion if they become pregnant. We aimed to determine if state-level abortion policy is associated with receiving an abortion in this high-risk population.Study designWe conducted a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study of abortion among people 15-44 years of age with mWHO class IV cardiovascular conditionsstate policy on abortion using US claims data from United health Group from 2017 to 2020.ResultsThere was a statistically significant association between restrictive abortion policy at that state level and lower number of pregnancies ending in abortions in this high-risk group.ConclusionsStates with the most restrictive abortion policy have the lowest proportion of pregnancies ending in abortion among patients with mWHO class IV cardiovascular conditions.ImplicationsVariation in receiving abortion by state of residence among patients with mWHO class IV cardiovascular conditions may indicate an impending rise in severe maternal morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular disease in pregnancy, and the risk factor is where a person lives. This trend may be exacerbated by the Supreme Court Decision Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health.
| S-EPMC11317066 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC7675246 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC8220264 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is recognised as one of the leading and effective strategies to prevent non-communicable diseases that boosts the immune system to fight against diseases. Closures of schools, sport clubs and facilities because of COVID-19 reduced the opportunities to participate in PA. We aimed to examine physical activity levels of late adolescents, the contexts to be physical active and its changes during the spring 2020 lockdown.MethodsA national representative sample of late adolescents in general upper secondary school (n = 2408, females = 64%, mean age = 17.2y, SD = 0.63) completed self-report online surveys on PA behaviours between March and June 2020. Multinominal logistic regression analyses were performed to identify correlates with PA, and decision tree analyses to ascertain the perceived changes on PA during lockdown based on sport club aspirations and levels of PA.ResultsAmong the late adolescents, the distribution of PA frequency was 23% (0-2 days/week), 35% (3-4 days/week), 30% (5-6 days/week) and 12% (7 days/week), and differences between males and females were not statistically significant. Participation in both indoor and outdoor PA were 50 times more likely to report daily PA (OR = 54.28, CI = 15.16-194.37) than non-participation. A quarter of late adolescents were not part of a sports club, yet their PA levels increased. Although sports club members generally perceived they did less PA during lockdown, over a third of sport club members with competitive aspirations reported daily PA.ConclusionsOverall, most late adolescents reported their PA levels decreased during lockdown. Findings from this study continue to demonstrate factors associated with PA in the context of the COVID-19 lockdown.
| S-EPMC8635322 | biostudies-literature
Project description:HELMi infant stool WGS metagenomes (3 weeks to 1 year) and parental stool WGS metagenomes
| PRJEB52774 | ENA
Project description:Congenital nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome which manifests in utero or during the first 3 months of life. The prototype of congenital nephrotic syndrome is congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type (CNF, OMIM #602716), which is caused by loss-of-function mutations of the nephrin gene (NPHS1). There have been few clinical case reports of CNF in Korea, but none of which was confirmed by genetic study. Here, we report two children with congenital nephrotic syndrome. Genetic analysis of the NPHS1 gene revealed compound heterozygous frame-shifting mutations (c.2156_2163 delTGCACTGC causing p.L719DfsX4 and c.3250_3251insG causing p.V1084GfsX12) in one patient and a missense mutation (c.1381G>A causing p.R460Q) and a nonsense mutation (c.2442C>G causing p.Y814X) in the other patient. The nonsense mutation was novel. The clinical courses of the patients were typical of CNF. This is the first report of genetically confirmed CNF in Korea to date. The early genetic diagnosis of CNF is important for proper clinical management of the patients and precise genetic counseling of the families.
| S-EPMC2633182 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionOn 1 January 2018, an amendment to the alcohol control law was introduced in Lithuania which, among other changes, reduced trading hours for alcoholic beverages by 4 h for weekdays and Saturdays, and by 9 h for Sundays. The objective of the current study was to quantify the potential association of this law with the numbers and types of emergency room (ER) visits in Lithuania, in general and specifically for Sundays, for all ER visits, for injury-related ER visits and specifically for alcohol poisoning as a 100% alcohol-attributable cause.MethodsSex-stratified time-series analysis-based models for the period 2016-2019 were used to test for associations and for potential alternative explanations (e.g., the increase in minimum legal drinking age, which occurred at the same time).ResultsOverall, while the reduction in sales hours for both sexes was associated with slight increases in all types and in injury-related ER visits on a weekly basis, the association with ER visits for alcohol poisoning was in the opposite direction for men in all models. Specifically, among men, it was associated with an approximate decrease of 20% of alcohol poisoning-related ER visits on Sundays and an approximate decrease of 12% of alcohol poisoning-related ER visits for all seven weekdays.Discussion and conclusionsAs predicted, restrictions on availability were associated with marked reductions in ER visits for alcohol poisoning in men. However, contrary to expectations, there were no overall reductions in overall ER visits, nor reductions in injury-related ER visits.
| S-EPMC9898194 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of the study was to determine the level of antibodies against hemagglutinin of influenza viruses in the serum of subjects belonging to seven different age groups in the 2019/2020 epidemic season. The level of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies was tested using the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. The tests included 700 sera from all over Poland. Their results confirmed the presence of antibodies against the following influenza virus antigens: A/Brisbane/02/2018 (H1N1)pdm09 (48% of samples), A/Kansas/14/2017/ (H3N2) (74% of samples), B/Colorado/06/ 2017 Victoria line (26% of samples), and B/Phuket/3073/2013 Yamagata line (63% of samples). The level of antibodies against hemagglutinin varied between the age groups. The highest average (geometric mean) antibody titer (68.0) and the highest response rate (62%) were found for the strain A/Kansas/14/2017/ (H3N2). During the epidemic season in Poland, only 4.4% of the population was vaccinated.
| S-EPMC10052160 | biostudies-literature