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Exchanging registered users' submitting reviews towards trajectory privacy preservation for review services in Location-Based Social Networks.

ABSTRACT: In Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs), registered users submit their reviews for visited point-of-interests (POIs) to the system providers (SPs). The SPs anonymously publish submitted reviews to build reputations for POIs. Unfortunately, the user profile and trajectory contained in reviews can be easily obtained by adversaries who SPs has compromised with. Even worse, existing techniques, such as cryptography and generalization, etc., are infeasible due to the necessity of public publication of reviews and the facticity of reviews. Inspired by pseudonym techniques, we propose an approach to exchanging reviews before users submit reviews to SPs. In our approach, we introduce two attacks, namely review-based location correlation attack (RLCA) and semantic-based long-term statistical attack (SLSA). RLCA can be exploited to link the real user by reconstructing the trajectory, and SLSA can be launched to establish a connection between locations and users through the difference of semantic frequency. To resist RLCA, we design a method named User Selection to Resist RLCA (USR-RLCA) to exchange reviews. We propose a metric to measure the correlation between a user and a trajectory. Based on the metric, USR-RLCA can select reviews resisting RLCA to exchange by suppressing the number of locations on each reconstructed trajectory below the correlation. However, USR-RLCA fails to resist SLSA because of ignoring the essential semantics. Hence, we design an enhanced USR-RLCA named User Selection to Resist SLSA (USR-SLSA). We first propose a metric to measure the indistinguishability of locations concerning the difference of semantic frequency in a long term. Then, USR-SLSA can select reviews resisting SLSA to exchange by allowing two reviews whose indistinguishability is below the probability difference after the exchange to be exchanged. Evaluation results verify the effectiveness of our approach in terms of privacy and utility.

SUBMITTER: Wang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8445480 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND:In recent years, inter-municipal cooperation in healthcare services has been an important measure implemented to meet future demographic changes in western countries. This entails an increased focus on communication and information sharing across organisational borders. Technology enables efficient and effective solutions to enhance such cooperation. However, the systems in the healthcare sector tend not to communicate with one another. There is a lack of literature focusing on communication and information sharing in inter-municipal healthcare services. The aim of this article is to investigate both the characteristics of communication and information sharing, and the factors that serve as barriers to communication and information sharing for employees in inter-municipal healthcare services. METHODS:In this study, a qualitative case study approach is used to investigate both characteristics of communication and information sharing, and factors enabling barriers to communication and information sharing for employees in newly established inter-municipal healthcare services. Data collection methods were individual interviews, focus group interviews, observation studies and a workshop. A total of 18 persons participated in the study. The interviews, observations and workshop were conducted over a period of ten months. RESULTS:Communication and information sharing practices were found to be complex and characterised by multiple actors, information types and a combination of multiple actions. Findings indicate that 1. IT capability and usability 2. Differences 3. Privacy, confidentiality and security and 4. Awareness are all factors enabling barriers to communication and information sharing in inter-municipal healthcare services. Specifically, these barriers were related to lack of EHR usability, inadequate workflow processes, digital systems incompatibility, the understanding of needs in different systems and knowledge and practices regarding privacy and confidentiality. CONCLUSION:By focusing on the context of inter-municipal cooperation when assessing communication and information sharing in healthcare services, this article contributes to close a gap in existing knowledge. The perspective of the employees provides useful insight, and findings can be relevant for future theory development and for managers and policymakers in inter-municipal services.

Project description:BackgroundWith the increasing sophistication of the medical industry, various advanced medical services such as medical artificial intelligence, telemedicine, and personalized health care services have emerged. The demand for medical data is also rapidly increasing today because advanced medical services use medical data such as user data and electronic medical records (EMRs) to provide services. As a result, health care institutions and medical practitioners are researching various mechanisms and tools to feed medical data into their systems seamlessly. However, medical data contain sensitive personal information of patients. Therefore, ensuring security while meeting the demand for medical data is a very important problem in the information age for which a solution is required.ObjectiveOur goal is to design a blockchain-based decentralized patient information exchange (PIE) system that can safely and efficiently share EMRs. The proposed system preserves patients' privacy in the EMRs through a medical information exchange process that includes data encryption and access control.MethodsWe propose a blockchain-based EMR-sharing system that allows patients to manage their EMRs scattered across multiple hospitals and share them with other users. Our PIE system protects the patient's EMR from security threats such as counterfeiting and privacy attacks during data sharing. In addition, it provides scalability by using distributed data-sharing methods to quickly share an EMR, regardless of its size or type. We implemented simulation models using Hyperledger Fabric, an open source blockchain framework.ResultsWe performed a simulation of the EMR-sharing process and compared it with previous works on blockchain-based medical systems to check the proposed system's performance. During the simulation, we found that it takes an average of 0.01014 (SD 0.0028) seconds to download 1 MB of EMR in our proposed PIE system. Moreover, it has been confirmed that data can be freely shared with other users regardless of the size or format of the data to be transmitted through the distributed data-sharing technique using the InterPlanetary File System. We conducted a security analysis to check whether the proposed security mechanism can effectively protect users of the EMR-sharing system from security threats such as data forgery or unauthorized access, and we found that the distributed ledger structure and re-encryption-based data encryption method can effectively protect users' EMRs from forgery and privacy leak threats and provide data integrity.ConclusionsBlockchain is a distributed ledger technology that provides data integrity to enable patient-centered health information exchange and access control. PIE systems integrate and manage fragmented patient EMRs through blockchain and protect users from security threats during the data exchange process among users. To increase safety and efficiency in the EMR-sharing process, we used access control using security levels, data encryption based on re-encryption, and a distributed data-sharing scheme.

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Exchanging registered users' submitting reviews towards trajectory privacy preservation for review services in Location-Based Social Networks.

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