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Cigarette smoke extract and heated tobacco products promote ferritin cleavage and iron accumulation in human corneal epithelial cells.

ABSTRACT: The cornea is directly exposed to cigarette smoke, and smoking is a risk factor for several corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome. Currently, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are widely used as substitutes for cigarette smoking around the world. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism(s) leading to cellular injury induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or HTPs. Exposure to CSE perturbed the formation of tight junctions, leading to an increase in cell volume, a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in the human corneal epithelial cell-transformed (HCE-T) cell line. Moreover, CSE exposure induced both lipid peroxidation and ferrous [Fe(II)] ion accumulation in autolysosomal compartments. Interestingly, a cleaved form of ferritin appeared when HCE-T cells were incubated with CSE. This aberrant ferritin processing was suppressed by treatment with autophagy inhibitors. Furthermore, the CSE-induced cell death was suppressed by either ferrostatin-1 or deferoxamine (DFO). CSE exposure also promoted the expression of cytokines whereas DFO treatment inhibited the CSE-induced expression of these cytokines. Exposure to HTPs also induced both HCE-T cell death and cleaved ferritin accumulation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These results indicated that CSE or HTPs activated the ferroptosis signaling pathway, which contributed to corneal epithelial cell injury.

SUBMITTER: Otsu W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8448754 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description: Not available

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Use and Awareness of Heated Tobacco Products in Europe.

Project description:BackgroundHeated tobacco products (HTP) are new forms of tobacco consumption with limited information available on their use among the general population. Our objective was to analyze the prevalence and associations of use of HTP across 11 countries in Europe.MethodsWithin the TackSHS Project, in 2017-2018 we conducted a cross-sectional study with information on HTP use in the following countries: Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain. In each country, face-to-face interviews were performed on a representative sample of around 1,000 subjects aged ≥15 years, for a total of 10,839 subjects.ResultsOverall, 27.8% of study participants were aware of HTPs, 1.8% were ever HTP users (ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 8.3% in Greece), and 0.1% were current users. Men were more frequently HTP ever users than women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.95). Ever HTP use was inversely related to age (P for trend <0.001) and more frequent in ex-smokers (compared with never smokers, aOR 4.32; 95% CI, 2.69-6.95) and current smokers (aOR 8.35; 95% CI, 5.67-12.28), and in electronic cigarette past users (compared with never users, aOR 5.48; 95% CI, 3.46-8.68) and current users (aOR 5.92; 95% CI, 3.73-9.40).ConclusionsIn 2017-2018, HTP use was still limited in Europe among the general population; however, the dual use of these products, their high use among younger generations, and the interest of non-smokers in these products are worrying and indicate the need for close monitoring in terms of prevalence and the characteristics of users.

| S-EPMC8824661 | biostudies-literature

Non-targeted analytical comparison of a heated tobacco product aerosol against mainstream cigarette smoke: does heating tobacco produce an inherently different set of aerosol constituents?

Project description:Smoking-related diseases remain a significant public health concern, and heated tobacco products (HTPs) have emerged as a potential alternative to cigarettes. While several studies have confirmed that HTP aerosols contain lower levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) than cigarette smoke, less is known about constituents that are intrinsically higher in HTP aerosols. This study provides a comprehensive comparative assessment of an HTP aerosol produced with Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS) and comparator cigarette (CC) smoke aiming at identifying all unique or increased compounds in THS aerosol by applying a broad set of LC-MS and GC × GC-MS methods. To focus on differences due to heating versus burning tobacco, confounding factors were minimized by using the same tobacco in both test items and not adding flavorants. Of all analytical features, only 3.5%-corresponding to 31 distinctive compounds-were significantly more abundant in THS aerosol than in CC smoke. A notable subset of these compounds was identified as reaction products of glycerol. The only compound unique to THS aerosol was traced back to its presence in a non-tobacco material in the test item and not a direct product of heating tobacco. Our results demonstrate that heating a glycerol-containing tobacco substrate to the temperatures applied in THS does not introduce new compounds in the resulting aerosol compared to CC smoke which are detectable with the method portfolio applied in this study. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the chemical composition of HTP aerosols and their potential impact on human health.

| S-EPMC10861380 | biostudies-literature

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