The wildland-anthropic interface raster data of the Italy-France maritime cooperation area (Sardinia, Corsica, Tuscany, Liguria, and Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur).
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Del Giudice L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8449076 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:We provide the wildland urban interface (WUI) map of the autonomous community of Catalonia (Northeastern Spain). The map encompasses an area of some 3.21 million ha and is presented as a 150-m resolution raster dataset. Individual housing location, structure density and vegetation cover data were used to spatially assess in detail the interface, intermix and dispersed rural WUI communities with a geographical information system. Most WUI areas concentrate in the coastal belt where suburban sprawl has occurred nearby or within unmanaged forests. This geospatial information data provides an approximation of residential housing potential for loss given a wildfire, and represents a valuable contribution to assist landscape and urban planning in the region.
| S-EPMC5767903 | biostudies-other
Project description:We describe the implementation of an automated infectious disease surveillance system that uses data collected from 210 microbiologic laboratories throughout the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in France. Each week, these facilities report bacterial species that have been isolated from patients in their area. An alarm is triggered whenever the case count for a bacterial species infection exceeds 2 SDs of the historical mean for that species at the participating laboratory. At its inception in July 2013, the system monitored 611 bacterial species. During July 1, 2013-March 20, 2016, weekly analyses of incoming surveillance data generated 34 alarms signaling possible infectious disease outbreaks; after investigation, 14 (41%) of these alarms resulted in health alerts declared by the regional health authority. We are currently improving the system by developing an Internet-based surveillance platform and extending our surveillance to include more laboratories in the region.
| S-EPMC5367396 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe process of Greek colonization of the central and western Mediterranean during the Archaic and Classical Eras has been understudied from the perspective of population genetics. To investigate the Y chromosomal demography of Greek colonization in the western Mediterranean, Y-chromosome data consisting of 29 YSNPs and 37 YSTRs were compared from 51 subjects from Provence, 58 subjects from Smyrna and 31 subjects whose paternal ancestry derives from Asia Minor Phokaia, the ancestral embarkation port to the 6th century BCE Greek colonies of Massalia (Marseilles) and Alalie (Aleria, Corsica).Results19% of the Phokaian and 12% of the Smyrnian representatives were derived for haplogroup E-V13, characteristic of the Greek and Balkan mainland, while 4% of the Provencal, 4.6% of East Corsican and 1.6% of West Corsican samples were derived for E-V13. An admixture analysis estimated that 17% of the Y-chromosomes of Provence may be attributed to Greek colonization. Using the following putative Neolithic Anatolian lineages: J2a-DYS445 = 6, G2a-M406 and J2a1b1-M92, the data predict a 0% Neolithic contribution to Provence from Anatolia. Estimates of colonial Greek vs. indigenous Celto-Ligurian demography predict a maximum of a 10% Greek contribution, suggesting a Greek male elite-dominant input into the Iron Age Provence population.ConclusionsGiven the origin of viniculture in Provence is ascribed to Massalia, these results suggest that E-V13 may trace the demographic and socio-cultural impact of Greek colonization in Mediterranean Europe, a contribution that appears to be considerably larger than that of a Neolithic pioneer colonization.
| S-EPMC3068964 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionOn March 17, 2020, the first mandatory national lockdown was implemented in France, followed by an adaptation of health services to ensure access to abortion care. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 and the emergency measures on abortion care taken during this period in the Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur region (PACA) in France.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study was based on the health insurance information system national database (SNDS), which included all women who had an abortion between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020 in the PACA region. We compared the total number of abortions, the distribution (surgical abortion, medical abortion (MA) at home (MAH) or in a clinic between 2019 and 2020 and the use of teleconsultation (TC) in 2020.ResultsThe total number of abortions in the PACA region decreased by 3.5% between 2019 and 2020. The rate of MA was higher in 2020 than in 2019 [17,489/22,444 (79.3%) vs. 17,042/22,354 (74.5%) (P < 0.0001)]. The rate of MAH was higher in 2020 than in 2019 [(8,177/17,489 (46.8%) vs. 7,264/17,042 (42.6%) (P < 0.0001)]. TC was used in 96 MAH in 2020.ConclusionA decrease in the number of abortions in the PACA region was observed in 2020. There was an increase in MA, mainly MAH, allowing easier and more adapted access to the health situation. TC was poorly used.
| S-EPMC9467918 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe zoonotic nematode Trichinella britovi was discovered in two neighboring Mediterranean islands of Corsica and Sardinia, almost simultaneously at the beginning of the 21st century. An epidemiological link between the two parasite populations was generally assumed. In 2015, an outbreak of trichinellosis in Nice, the South of France, was reportedly caused by the consumption of raw pork delicatessen imported from Corsica. The aims of the present study were to investigate, by multilocus genotype (MLG) analyses, the hypothesis of the common origin of the Corsican and Sardinian T. britovi foci and to trace "from fork to farm" the origin of the pork product, which caused a trichinellosis outbreak in mainland France in 2015.MethodsSixty-three T. britovi isolates were collected from animals and pork products of Sardinia and Corsica islands and from mainland of Italy, France and Spain. We analyzed genetic variability at four polymorphic microsatellite loci by two independent algorithms, the Bayesian and multivariate analyses, to evaluate the genetic relationships of 1367 single larvae.ResultsTrichinella britovi isolates of the two islands showed different genetic structures and the Bayesian analysis revealed a different membership of the two insular populations. Furthermore, two geographically separate genetic groups were identified among Corsican isolates. Lastly, the origin of the pork delicatessen marketed in Nice was linked to a breeder-butcher in Corsica.ConclusionsThe low level of genetic admixture of the insular T. britovi isolates suggests that this pathogen colonized the two islands by separate events. On the other hand in Corsica, although the isolates share the same genetic structure, geographically separate isolates showed different membership. We suggest the MLG analysis as a suitable method in supporting epidemiological investigations to trace "from fork to farm" insular populations of T. britovi.
| S-EPMC6006749 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) is a fluorescence image analysis method for extracting the mobility, concentration, and stoichiometry of diffusing fluorescent molecules from confocal image stacks. The method works by calculating a spatial correlation function for each image and analyzing the average of those by model fitting. Rules of thumb exist for RICS image acquisitioning, yet a rigorous theoretical approach to predict the accuracy and precision of the recovered parameters has been lacking. We outline explicit expressions to reveal the dependence of RICS results on experimental parameters. In terms of imaging settings, we observed that a twofold decrease of the pixel size, e.g., from 100 to 50 nm, decreases the error on the translational diffusion constant (D) between three- and fivefold. For D = 1 ?m2 s-1, a typical value for intracellular measurements, ?25-fold lower mean-squared relative error was obtained when the optimal scan speed was used, although more drastic improvements were observed for other values of D. We proposed a slightly modified RICS calculation that allows correcting for the significant bias of the autocorrelation function at small (?50 × 50 pixels) sizes of the region of interest. In terms of sample properties, at molecular brightness E = 100 kHz and higher, RICS data quality was sufficient using as little as 20 images, whereas the optimal number of frames for lower E scaled pro rata. RICS data quality was constant over the nM-?M concentration range. We developed a bootstrap-based confidence interval of D that outperformed the classical least-squares approach in terms of coverage probability of the true value of D. We validated the theory via in vitro experiments of enhanced green fluorescent protein at different buffer viscosities. Finally, we outline robust practical guidelines and provide free software to simulate the parameter effects on recovery of the diffusion coefficient.
| S-EPMC7018992 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Combining imaging with correlation spectroscopy, as in raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS), makes it possible to extract molecular translational diffusion constants and absolute concentrations, and determine intermolecular interactions from single-channel or multicolor confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) images. Region-specific RICS analysis remains very challenging because correlations are always calculated in a square region-of-interest (ROI). In this study, we describe a generalized image correlation spectroscopy algorithm that accepts arbitrarily shaped ROIs. We show that an image series can be cleaned up before arbitrary-region RICS (ARICS) analysis. We demonstrate the power of ARICS by simultaneously measuring molecular mobility in the cell membrane and the cytosol. Mobility near dynamic subcellular structures can be investigated with ARICS by generating a dynamic ROI. Finally, we derive diffusion and concentration pseudo-maps using the ARICS method. ARICS is a powerful expansion of image correlation spectroscopy with the potential of becoming the new standard for extracting biophysical parameters from confocal fluorescence images.
| S-EPMC5073057 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Recent wildfire events, in the United States (USA) and around the world, have resulted in thousands of homes destroyed and many lives lost, leaving communities and policy makers, once again, with the question as to how to manage wildfire risk. This is particularly important given the prevalent trend of increased fire frequency and intensity. Current approaches to managing wildfires focus on fire suppression and managing fuel build-up in wildlands. However, reliance on these strategies alone has clearly proven inadequate. As such, focus should be shifted towards minimizing potential losses to communities. Achieving this goal, however, requires detailed understanding of the factors that contribute to community vulnerability and the interplay between probability of ignition, vulnerability and calculated risk. In this study, we evaluate wildfire risk for four different communities across the USA for the duration of May to September to communicate a different perspective of risk assessment. We show, for the first time, that community risk is closely related to wind speed and direction, pattern of surrounding wildland vegetation, and buildings layout. The importance of the findings lies in the need for exploring unique viable solutions to reduce risk for every community independently as opposed to embracing a generalized approach as is currently the case.
| S-EPMC7481699 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Atmospheric pollution has become a serious threat for human health and the environment. However, the deployment, operation and maintenance of monitoring networks can represent a high cost for local governments. In certain locations, the use of naturally occurring plants for monitoring pollution can be a useful supplement of existing monitoring networks, and even provide information when other types of monitoring are lacking. In this work, we (i) determined the tissue carbon content and the ?13C values for the epiphytic CAM bromeliad Tillandsia recurvata and the relationship of both parameters with the existing CO concentrations in the Valley of Mexico basin and (ii) mapped the spatial distribution of such elemental and isotopic composition for this plant within the basin, in order to assess its potential as an atmospheric biomonitor of carbon monoxide, a pollutant with important repercussions on public health. The CO concentrations in the basin ranged from 0.41 ppm at rural locations to 0.81 ppm at urban sites. The carbon content of T. recurvata, which averaged 42.9 ± 0.34% (dry weight), was not influenced by the surrounding CO concentration. In contrast, the ?13C depended on the sites where the plants were collected. For example, the values were -13.2‰ in rural areas and as low as -17.5‰ in an urban site. Indeed, the isotopic values had a positive linear relationship with the atmospheric CO concentrations. Given the close relationship observed between the isotopic composition of T. recurvata with the CO concentrations in the Valley of Mexico, the ?13C values can be useful for the detection of atmospheric carbonaceous emissions.
| S-EPMC7263291 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Amazonian rainforests, once thought to be pristine wilderness, are increasingly known to have been widely inhabited, modified, and managed prior to European arrival, by human populations with diverse cultural backgrounds. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by pre-Columbian societies with sedentary habits. Much is known about the chemistry of these soils, yet their zoology has been neglected. Hence, we characterized soil fertility, macroinvertebrate communities, and their activity at nine archeological sites in three Amazonian regions in ADEs and adjacent reference soils under native forest (young and old) and agricultural systems. We found 673 morphospecies and, despite similar richness in ADEs (385 spp.) and reference soils (399 spp.), we identified a tenacious pre-Columbian footprint, with 49% of morphospecies found exclusively in ADEs. Termite and total macroinvertebrate abundance were higher in reference soils, while soil fertility and macroinvertebrate activity were higher in the ADEs, and associated with larger earthworm quantities and biomass. We show that ADE habitats have a unique pool of species, but that modern land use of ADEs decreases their populations, diversity, and contributions to soil functioning. These findings support the idea that humans created and sustained high-fertility ecosystems that persist today, altering biodiversity patterns in Amazonia.
| S-EPMC9292437 | biostudies-literature