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Complete mitochondrial genome of Hypomecis punctinalis Scopoli, 1763 and its phylogenetic position within family Geometridae.

ABSTRACT: Hypomecis punctinalis Scopoli, 1763 belongs to the Lepidopteran family Geometridae. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of H. punctinalis. The mitogenome is 15,648 bp long and contains a typical set of genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes) and a 484 bp AT-rich region. All PCGs start with ATN codons and stop at TAA codon except for cox1 using CGA as initiation codon and nad4 and nad5 using incomplete termination codon T. Within the mitogenome, 17 intergenic spacers and seven overlaps are founded. The intergenic nucleotides are 294 bp in total and two longest intervals locate between trn^Gln and nad2 as well as trn^Cys and trn^Tyr . The overlap nucleotides are 47 bp in total and the maximum overlap lies between cox2 and trn^Lys . The AT-rich region of the mitogenome contains an 'ATAGA + polyT' motif, three copies of 30-bp-repeat and a short polyA tail. The phylogenetic tree shows the relationships of four subfamilies of Geometridae are (((Ennominae + Geometrinae)+Larentiinae)+Sterrhinae)) and the relationships within subfamily Ennominae are ((((Erannis+Biston)+(Jankowskia+(Hypomecis+(Apocheima+Milionia))))+Ectropis)+Abraxas)+Phthonandria)+Celenna).

SUBMITTER: Sun Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8451619 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND: The phylogenetic position of Bryozoa is one of the most controversial issues in metazoan phylogeny. In an attempt to address this issue, the first bryozoan mitochondrial genome from Flustrellidra hispida (Gymnolaemata, Ctenostomata) was recently sequenced and characterized. Unfortunately, it has extensive gene translocation and extremely reduced size. In addition, the phylogenies obtained from the result were conflicting, so they failed to assign a reliable phylogenetic position to Bryozoa or to clarify lophophorate phylogeny. Thus, it is necessary to characterize further mitochondrial genomes from slowly-evolving bryozoans to obtain a more credible lophophorate phylogeny. RESULTS: The complete mitochondrial genome (15,433 bp) of Bugula neritina (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata), one of the most widely distributed cheliostome bryozoans, is sequenced. This second bryozoan mitochondrial genome contains the set of 37 components generally observed in other metazoans, differing from that of F. hispida (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata, Ctenostomata), which has only 36 components with loss of tRNAser(ucn) genes. The B. neritina mitochondrial genome possesses 27 multiple noncoding regions. The gene order is more similar to those of the two remaining lophophorate phyla (Brachiopoda and Phoronida) and a chiton Katharina tunicate than to that of F. hispida. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nucleotide sequences or amino acid residues of 12 protein-coding genes showed consistently that, within the Lophotrochozoa, the monophyly of the bryozoan class Gymnolaemata (B. neritina and F. hispida) was strongly supported and the bryozoan clade was grouped with brachiopods. Echiura appeared as a subtaxon of Annelida, and Entoprocta as a sister taxon of Phoronida. The clade of Bryozoa + Brachiopoda was clustered with either the clade of Annelida-Echiura or that of Phoronida + Entoprocta. CONCLUSION: This study presents the complete mitochondrial genome of a cheliostome bryozoan, B. neritina. The phylogenetic analyses suggest a close relationship between Bryozoa and Brachiopoda within the Lophotrochozoa. However, the sister group of Bryozoa + Brachiopoda is still ambiguous, although it has some attractions with Annelida-Echiura or Phoronida + Entoprocta. If the latter is a true phylogeny, lophophorate monophyly including Entoprocta is supported. Consequently, the present results imply that Brachiozoa (= Brachiopoda + Phoronida) and the recently-resurrected Bryozoa concept comprising Ectoprocta and Entoprocta may be refuted.

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Complete mitochondrial genome of Hypomecis punctinalis Scopoli, 1763 and its phylogenetic position within family Geometridae.

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