Three mitochondrial genomes of early-winged insects (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae and Leptophlebiidae).
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rutschmann S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8451626 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Material collected between 2000 and 2014 on the island Borneo, including the Indonesian province of Kalimantan, the Malaysian province of Sabah and Brunei Darussalam, substantially increased our knowledge of Labiobaetis on this island. The total number of Labiobaetis species in Borneo increased to five, as only one species, L. borneoensis (Müller-Liebenau, 1984), was previously reported. Three new species were identified by morphology and partly by using genetic distance (COI, Kimura 2-parameter). They are described and illustrated based on their larvae (Labiobaetis bakerae sp. nov., L. penan sp. nov. and L. dayakorum sp. nov.); in one case, the imago is described as well. New reports of L. borneoensis are presented and the imago of this species is described for the first time. Labiobaetis moriharai (Müller-Liebenau, 1984), originally described from mainland Malaysia (Province Selangor), is reported from Borneo for the first time. The interspecific K2P distances in Borneo are between 19% and 25%, the intraspecific distances are usually between 0% and 1%. The total number of Labiobaetis species worldwide is augmented to 126.
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Project description:This study investigates genetic diversity in three species of Ephemeroptera, one eurytopic and therefore widespread (Afroptilum sudafricanum) and two stenotopic and thus endemic (Demoreptus natalensis and Demoreptus capensis) species, all of which co-occur in the southern Great Escarpment, South Africa. Mitochondrial DNA was analysed to compare the genetic diversity between the habitat generalist and the two habitat specialists. Afroptilum sudafricanum showed no indication of population genetic structure due to geographic location, while both Demoreptus species revealed clear genetic differentiation between geographic localities and catchments, evident from phylogenetic analyses and high FST values from AMOVA. In addition, the phylogenetic analyses indicate some deeper haplotype divergences within A. sudafricanum and Demoreptus that merit taxonomic attention. These results give important insight into evolutionary processes occurring through habitat specialisation and population isolation. Further research and sampling across a wider geographic setting that includes both major mountain blocks of the Escarpment and lowland non-Escarpment sites will allow for refined understanding of biodiversity and associated habitat preferences, and illuminate comparative inferences into gene flow and cryptic speciation.
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Project description:The genus Centroptella Braasch & Soldán, 1980 is accepted here in a wide sense, i.e., including Chopralla Waltz & McCafferty, 1987. This genus concept is similar to the concept of the genus Bungona Harker, 1957 proposed by Salles et al. (2016), but with the generic name Centroptella instead of Bungona. The type species of Bungona, B. narilla Harker, 1957, has an unknown systematic position; the neotype designation proposed by Suter and Pearson (2001) is invalid, being inconsistent with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; the species name B. narilla and the generic name Bungona are nomina dubia, so the name Centroptella is the senior name for the genus under consideration. The generic names Chopralla and Crassolus Salles, Gattolliat & Sartori, 2016 both are junior synonyms of Centroptella (syn. nov.). The subgenera Bungona, Centroptella and Chopralla proposed by Salles et al. (2016) are unnatural. The following new combinations are proposed: Centroptella bintang (Marle, Salles & Gattolliat, 2016) comb. nov., Centroptella bifida (Shi & Tong, 2019) comb. nov., Centroptella fusina (Tong & Dudgeon, 2003) comb. nov., Centroptella fustipalpus (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998) comb. nov., Centroptella illiesi (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998) comb. nov., Centroptella inzingae (Crass, 1947) comb. nov., Centroptella papilionodes (Marle, Salles & Gattolliat, 2016) comb. nov., Centroptella pontica (Sroka, Godunko & Gattolliat, in Sroka et al. 2019) comb. nov., Centroptella ovata (Shi & Tong, 2019) comb. nov., Centroptella quadrata (Shi & Tong, 2019) comb. nov. and Centroptella saxophila (Agnew, 1961) comb. nov. The two Australian species, C. fustipalpus and C. illiesi, differ from each other in the shape of tergalii; corrections to the original description of C. fustipalpus are given based on re-examination of the holotype and paratypes; details of larval structures of C. illiesi are figured. Corrections to the former descriptions of the South African species C. inzingae and C. saxophila are given. Examination of type material led to the discovery that the original description of the Oriental species Centroptella liebenauae Soldán, Braasch & Muu, 1987 was based on two different species: the descriptions of imago and subimago belong to Centroptella longisetosa Braasch & Soldán, 1980 (the type species of Centroptella), and the description of larva belongs to a different species, which we describe here as Centroptella ingridae sp. nov. The holotype of C. liebenauae, a larva, should be considered lost; based on the date of collection, it belonged to C. longisetosa; a set of larval exuviae with the same collecting data as the holotype, is designated as the neotype of C. liebenauae, and a new synonymy is established: C. longisetosa = C. liebenauae syn. nov. The larvae originally assigned to C. liebenauae are placed to a new species Centroptella ingridae sp. nov. belonging to the inzingae-ingridae species group; all stages of development of this species are described based on male and female imagines reared from larvae in Thailand and on the misidentified paratypes of C. liebenauae from Vietnam. Centroptella longisetosa is redescribed based on the single paratype from China, the neotype and paratypes of C. liebenauae from Vietnam, and additional material from India. Additional data on the holotype of Centroptella colorata Soldán, Braasch & Muu, 1987 are given.
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Project description:Wingless and shorter winged stick insects are very common today, but most known extinct stick insects had fully developed wings, leading to contentious affinities among the extinct winged and extant groups. We report herein three male winged stick insects, assigned to Pterophasmatidae fam. nov., from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar (Burmese) amber. Pterophasmatidae fam. nov. are regarded as transitional taxa from extinct winged to modern wingless and shorter winged stick insects based on their similar tegmina venation with extinct Susumanioidea and some body features the same as extant Phasmatodea. However, their symmetric phallic organs comprising two consistent phallomeres are different from those of all living groups. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the extinct winged taxa, including the new family, are the stem groups of modern stick and leaf insects, and all of them constitute the clade of Phasmatodea. New findings indicate winged and wingless stick insects' morphologies diversified significantly during or before the mid-Cretaceous.
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Project description:We describe a new species of Habrophlebia, H. djurdjurensis sp. nov., based on nymphal, imaginal, and egg stages obtained by sampling from the Great Kabylia watershed, north-central Algeria. The new species was previously identified as H. cf. fusca by Lounaci et al. 2000. Habrophlebia djurdjurensis is in fact more related to H. vaillantorum Thomas, 1996 but can be separated by characters on the nymphs and male imago. This is the fourth species of Habrophlebia reported from North Africa.
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Project description:The taxonomy and systematics of the genus Baetis Leach (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Israel is clarified for the first time as part of an ongoing comprehensive survey of the Israeli mayfly fauna. Six clearly defined species are currently recognized in Israel, four of which are described here as new to science. The validity of all species is supported by a molecular analysis of the mitochondrial COI gene. A key for the identification of the Israeli species based on the nymphal stage is provided, as well as data on their distribution patterns and ecology. The local fauna represents four Palearctic species groups, three of which reach their limit of distribution range in Israel. Baetis species typically inhabit lotic, pristine habitats in northern Israel, with few exceptions for some species that can be found in the Dead Sea area or in ephemeral ponds.
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Project description:Phylogenetic relationships of basal insects remain a matter of discussion. In particular, the relationships among Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Neoptera are the focus of debate. In this study, we used a next-generation sequencing approach to reconstruct new mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from 18 species of basal insects, including six representatives of Ephemeroptera and 11 of Odonata, plus one species belonging to Zygentoma. We then compared the structures of the newly sequenced mitogenomes. A tRNA gene cluster of IMQM was found in three ephemeropteran species, which may serve as a potential synapomorphy for the family Heptageniidae. Combined with published insect mitogenome sequences, we constructed a data matrix with all 37 mitochondrial genes of 85 taxa, which had a sampling concentrating on the palaeopteran lineages. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on various data coding schemes, using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences under different models of sequence evolution. Our results generally recovered Zygentoma as a monophyletic group, which formed a sister group to Pterygota. This confirmed the relatively primitive position of Zygentoma to Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Neoptera. Analyses using site-heterogeneous CAT-GTR model strongly supported the Palaeoptera clade, with the monophyletic Ephemeroptera being sister to the monophyletic Odonata. In addition, a sister group relationship between Palaeoptera and Neoptera was supported by the current mitogenomic data.
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Project description:The mayfly species Paraleptophlebiawerneri has been rediscovered from Finland. The species was classified as RE (regionally extinct) in the most recent national red-list assessment. The new locality is close to the Russian border in NE Lapland, Savukoski. Adult males were collected with a sweep net around a pond. Paraleptophlebiastrandii is a rather poorly known but widespread Finnish species. The adults of this species occurred in great numbers in aapamires of central Lapland (Sodankylä). We hypothesize that these leptophlebid species are not dependent on running water but may instead thrive in small lentic water bodies.
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