Thermal-comfort evaluation of and plan for public space of Maling Village, Henan, China.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Fan Q
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8452085 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Thermal comfort is an important indicator for evaluating the environment of urban public space, and appropriate thermal comfort can effectively prolong the duration of outdoor activities. In the existing studies, there is a lack of thermal comfort comparison between hot spots and cold spots. In this study, we selected the coastal city of Dalian in China as our study area and conducted field investigations on the thermal comfort of two landmark resorts, namely, a downtown commercial street and coastal leisure park. The study was conducted on typical summer days and consisted of interviewing several residents to understand their thermal comfort requirements. We investigated the thermal expectations of the interviewees through meteorological measurements and questionnaires. The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) was used to determine the thermal benchmarks of the on-site subjects. The results indicated that (1) globe temperature and air temperature were the most important factors that affected thermal comfort, followed by relative humidity and wind speed in summer daytime. (2) Shaded spaces are more comfortable than open spaces, and tree shade is preferred over artificial shade in coastal park. (3) The neutral UTCI (NUTCI) of the respondents were 24.1°C (coastal park) and 26.0°C (commercial street); the neutral UTCI ranges (NUTCIR) were 20.8-27.4°C (coastal park) and 23.3-28.7°C (commercial street). (4) The upper thermal acceptable range limits of the coastal park and commercial street were 30.2 and 32.1°C, respectively, which were substantially higher than the upper NUTCIR limit, indicating that the residents in Dalian were well-adapted to hot weather. The results can provide a good reference for determining ideal design strategies to optimize the thermal environment of urban outdoor recreation spaces in summers and improve the quality of life in coastal cities.
| S-EPMC9592985 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rapid urbanization drives social development, but at the same time brings sustainable development Rapid urbanization drives social development, but at the same time brings sustainable development advantages of expanding underground space and relieving urban traffic congestion. High quality TOD complexes with natural elements in the intermediary space have been considered as one of the important means to address sustainable urban development. Nevertheless, intermediary spaces in TOD complexes face various challenges, such as significant contradictory factors in their physical environment spaces. This study classifies the underground open intermediary space into four types according to the characteristics of TOD complexes. And for these four types'Cthe physical environment-generated by various influencing factors of planar geometric, three-dimensional geometric, and detailed construction elements-is simulated using a numerical simulation method based on a static Taguchi experiment. The results demonstrate that space shape is a primary influencing factor for luminous and thermal environments; the window-atrium ratio (W/A ratio) and hole-atrium ratio (H/A ratio) comprise contradictory factors between the luminous and thermal environments of these spaces; profile inclination angle and sunken plaza height are primary impact factors for the acoustic environment; and skylight type has minimal influence on the physical environment. On average, their luminous and acoustic environment comfort can be improved by 200%; whereas, their thermal environment comfort can be improved by 21% and the potential for optimizing it in their shallow space (underground space depth ≤ 10 m) is relatively low. Subsequently, the necessity of comfort optimization as the passive optimization design of underground open intermediary spaces' physical environment in TOD complexes in the future is discussed. Finally, the feasible path and prospect of how to improve the livability and comfort of the spatial physical environment of TOD complexes are discussed and prospected.
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Project description:Extant literature has demonstrated that suicide safety planning is an efficacious intervention for reducing patient risk for suicide-related behaviors. However, little is known about factors that may impact the effectiveness of the intervention, such as provider training and comfort, use of specific safety plan elements, circumstances under which providers choose to use safety planning, and personal factors which influence a provider's decision to use safety planning. Participants were (N = 119) safety plan providers who responded to an anonymous web-based survey. Results indicated that most providers had received training in safety planning and were comfortable with the intervention. Providers reported that skills such as identifying warning signs and means safety strategies were routinely used. Providers who reported exposure to suicide were more likely to complete safety plans with patients regardless of risk factors. In addition, almost 70% of providers indicated a need for further training. These data provide important considerations for safety plan implementation and training.
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Project description:We performed a post-occupancy assessment based on 500 occupant surveys in eight buildings using embedded radiant heating and cooling systems. This study follows-up on a quantitative assessment of 60 office buildings that found radiant and all-air buildings have comparable temperature and acoustic satisfaction with a tendency for increased temperature satisfaction in radiant buildings. Our objective was to investigate reasons of comfort and discomfort in the radiant buildings, and to relate these to building characteristics and operations strategies. The primary sources of thermal discomfort are lack of control over the thermal environment (both temperature and air movement) and slow system response, both of which were seen to be alleviated with fast-response adaptive opportunities such as operable windows and personal fans. There was no optimal radiant design or operation that maximized thermal comfort, and building operators were pleased with reduced repair and maintenance associated with radiant systems compared to all-air systems. Occupants reported low satisfaction with acoustics. This was primarily due to sound privacy issues in open-plan offices which may be exacerbated by highly reflective surfaces common in radiant spaces.
| S-EPMC8547689 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The classical textbook interpretation of thermal comfort is that it occurs when the thermoregulatory effort is minimized. However, stimulating human thermoregulatory systems may benefit health and increase body thermal resilience. To address this gap, we tested a novel personal comfort system (PCS) that targets only the extremities and the head, leaving the rest of the body exposed to a moderately drifting temperature (17-25°C). A randomized, cross-over study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, mimicking an office setting. Eighteen participants completed two scenarios, one with a PCS and another one without a PCS in 17-25°C ambient conditions. The results indicate that the PCS improved thermal comfort in 17-23°C and retained active thermoregulatory control. The torso skin temperature, underarm-finger temperature gradients, energy expenditure, substrate oxidations and physical activity were not affected by the PCS in most cases. Only slight changes in cardiovascular responses were observed between the two scenarios. Moreover, the PCS boosted pleasure and arousal. At 25°C, the PCS did not improve thermal comfort, but significantly improved air quality perceptions and mitigated eye strain. These findings suggest that human physiological thermoregulation can be stimulated without compromising thermal comfort by using a PCS that only targets the extremities in cold conditions.
| S-EPMC9298036 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The performance of the regional water environment integrated governance is affected by many factors. This study took place in Henan Province, China, as the research area, and constructed an index system through the comprehensive consideration of three target layers based on the Ecological-Social-Economic (ESE) framework. Due to advantages such as strong objectivity and operability, the improved entropy-weight technique for the order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) model can greatly overcome subjective human interference and render the evaluation results more reliable. Therefore, it was introduced to evaluate the water environment integrated governance in Henan from 2007 to 2016. By applying the obstacle degree model, the obstacle factors were then diagnosed. The results of this study show that the overall performance of the integrated governance was generally improved in Henan from 2007 to 2016. Performance levels of the three target layers exhibited different trends, of which the social and economic benefits presented a linear increase year by year, but the ecological benefits presented a fluctuating downward trend. The obstacle on the Henan water environment integrated governance mainly comes from the ecological and economic benefits index. Therefore, a series of countermeasures have been proposed as a means of improving the governance performance in Henan.
| S-EPMC7178240 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceLung cancer screening has been widely implemented in Europe and the US. However, there is little evidence on participation and diagnostic yields in population-based lung cancer screening in China.ObjectiveTo assess the participation rate and detection rate of lung cancer in a population-based screening program and the factors associated with participation.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from October 2013 to October 2019, with follow-up until March 10, 2020. The program is conducted at centers in 8 cities in Henan Province, China. Eligible participants were aged 40 to 74 and were evaluated for a high risk for lung cancer using an established risk score system.Main outcomes and measuresOverall and group-specific participation rates by common factors, such as age, sex, and educational level, were calculated. Differences in participation rates between those groups were compared. The diagnostic yield of both screening and nonscreening groups was calculated.ResultsThe study recruited 282 377 eligible participants and included 55 428 with high risk for lung cancer; the mean (SD) age was 55.3 (8.1) years, and 34 966 participants (63.1%) were men. A total of 22 260 participants underwent LDCT (participation rate, 40.16%; 95% CI, 39.82%-40.50%). The multivariable logistic regression model showed that female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% CI, 1.52-1.78), former smoking (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13-1.41), lack of physical activity (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14-1.24), family history of lung cancer (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.66-1.79), and 7 other factors were associated with increased participation of LDCT screening. Overall, at 6-year follow-up, 78 participants in the screening group (0.35%; 95% CI, 0.29%-0.42%) and 125 in the nonscreening group (0.38%; 95% CI, 0.33%-0.44%) had lung cancer detected, which resulted in an odds ratio of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.70-1.23; P = .61).Conclusions and relevanceThe low participations rate in the program studied suggests that an improved strategy is needed. These findings may provide useful information for designing effective population-based lung cancer screening strategies in the future.
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Project description:The thermoneutral zone is defined as the range of ambient temperatures where the body can maintain its core temperature solely through regulating dry heat loss, i.e., skin blood flow. A living body can only maintain its core temperature when heat production and heat loss are balanced. That means that heat transport from body core to skin must equal heat transport from skin to the environment. This study focuses on what combinations of core and skin temperature satisfy the biophysical requirements of being in the thermoneutral zone for humans. Moreover, consequences are considered of changes in insulation and adding restrictions such as thermal comfort (i.e. driver for thermal behavior). A biophysical model was developed that calculates heat transport within a body, taking into account metabolic heat production, tissue insulation, and heat distribution by blood flow and equates that to heat loss to the environment, considering skin temperature, ambient temperature and other physical parameters. The biophysical analysis shows that the steady-state ambient temperature range associated with the thermoneutral zone does not guarantee that the body is in thermal balance at basal metabolic rate per se. Instead, depending on the combination of core temperature, mean skin temperature and ambient temperature, the body may require significant increases in heat production or heat loss to maintain stable core temperature. Therefore, the definition of the thermoneutral zone might need to be reformulated. Furthermore, after adding restrictions on skin temperature for thermal comfort, the ambient temperature range associated with thermal comfort is smaller than the thermoneutral zone. This, assuming animals seek thermal comfort, suggests that thermal behavior may be initiated already before the boundaries of the thermoneutral zone are reached.
| S-EPMC4977175 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Online learning has drawn much more attention since the outbreak of COVID-19. Most related studies have focused on online platform design and instructional design. However, the physical environment where online learning is conducted (e.g., students' homes) is rarely studied. To understand the thermal conditions in students' online learning environment and its impact on students' thermal comfort and their performance during online learning, an experiment, including both objective measurement and subjective assessment, was conducted in a student's apartment. Thirty university students participated in this experiment, and they were randomly assigned into six groups (three thermal conditions (i.e., control, cold, and hot) × two-course durations). Both environmental parameters (i.e., air temperature, radiant temperature, air velocity, etc.) and physiological parameters (i.e. skin temperatures) were measured at the same time. Besides, students' thermal sensation, acceptance, and learning performance were self-evaluated and collected through questionnaires. Results showed that participants' thermal sensation was positively correlated with their mean skin temperature (MST) and the operative temperature (To) in the apartment (MST: ρ = 0.94, p < 0.001; To: ρ = 0.91, p < 0.001), yet no significant relation with their personal characteristics was observed in the current study, which might be caused by the small sample size. Moreover, inverted U-shape relationships were identified between participants' perceived performance and their thermal sensation/MST/To. When students felt slightly cool (TSV = -0.3), they thought they could reach their best performance. This study revealed the impacts of the thermal environment on students' online learning performance, more performance tasks could be conducted in the future to examine the impacts in more detail.
| S-EPMC10082644 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Data from post-occupancy studies in real constructions have been instrumental in the development of mainstream thermal comfort standards for the built environment. However, there is growing evidence of the need to advance these standards, through more robust and comprehensive fieldwork records from a broader spectrum of geographies, climates, architectural characteristics and occupancies. It has been shown that the standards have limited suitability in environments such as educational buildings, as they were developed based mainly on adult subjects working in offices. The lack of guidance in data collection methodologies is also thought to require particular attention, as the accuracy of the assessment models relies significantly on the quality of the information gathered. This manuscript proposes a method to systematically acquire an extensive range of data specifically from school classrooms. The method seeks to improve current techniques as follows: •The post-occupancy surveys suggested in mainstream standards focus mainly on the collection of physical and environmental parameters related to adult subjects. Classroom-comfort-data can be used to collect information not only on physical and environmental parameters but also on physiological and psychological aspects. It also includes tools tailored for occupants from different ages (7 years old and above).•The assessment models suggested in mainstream standards employ between 2-5 parameters to predict thermal comfort ranges. The Classroom-comfort-data method is designed to gather up to 49 different thermal comfort parameters, which allow a more comprehensive evaluation of perception and preference, as well as adaptive strategies, social context, and cognitive and emotional appraisals.•The existing surveys in the standards were formulated primarily for office environments in subtropical and temperate climates. The Classroom-comfort-data method can be adapted to fieldwork within different conditions of climate, building design, occupancy levels, and cultural contexts.
| S-EPMC6881643 | biostudies-literature