Dataset Information

Efficacy and safety of fremanezumab for chronic migraine prevention: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial in Japanese and Korean patients.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To determine the efficacy and safety of fremanezumab administration in Japanese and Korean patients with chronic migraine (CM).

Background

Available preventive treatments for CM are limited by various efficacy and safety issues. Fremanezumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway involved in migraine pathogenesis, has been shown to be effective and well tolerated in large-scale, international Phase 3 trials.

Methods

Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of patients with CM who received subcutaneous fremanezumab monthly (675 mg at baseline and 225 mg at weeks 4 and 8), fremanezumab quarterly (675 mg at baseline and placebo at weeks 4 and 8), or matching placebo. Primary endpoint was the mean change from baseline in the monthly (28-day) average number of headache days of at least moderate severity during the 12 weeks after the first dose.

Results

Among 571 patients randomized (safety set, n = 569; full analysis set, n = 566), the least-squares mean (±standard error [SE]) reduction in the average number of headache days of at least moderate severity per month during 12 weeks was significantly greater with fremanezumab monthly (-4.1 ± 0.4) and fremanezumab quarterly (-4.1 ± 0.4) than with placebo (-2.4 ± 0.4). The difference from the placebo group in the mean change (95% confidence interval [CI]) was -1.7 days (-2.54, -0.80) for the fremanezumab monthly group and -1.7 days (-2.55, -0.82) for the fremanezumab quarterly group (p < 0.001 vs. placebo for both fremanezumab groups). The percentage of patients with a ≥50% reduction in the average number of headache days of at least moderate severity per month (response rate) was higher with fremanezumab monthly (29.0%) and fremanezumab quarterly (29.1%) than with placebo (13.2%) in addition to other improvements in secondary endpoints, including reduction of acute medication use (mean change from baseline during 12-week period ± SE: fremanezumab monthly, -3.7 ± 0.4; fremanezumab quarterly, -3.9 ± 0.4; placebo, -2.4 ± 0.4) and improvements in disability scores (mean change from baseline in six-item Headache Impact Test score at 4 weeks after third injection ± SE: fremanezumab monthly, -8.1 ± 0.7; fremanezumab quarterly, -8.0 ± 0.7; placebo, -6.5 ± 0.7). Fremanezumab was well tolerated with a similar incidence of adverse events including injection-site reactions as placebo (patients with at least one treatment-emergent adverse event: fremanezumab total, n = 232 [61.4%]; placebo, n = 118 [61.8%]).

Conclusion

Fremanezumab effectively prevents CM in Japanese and Korean patients and was well tolerated. No safety signal was detected.

SUBMITTER: Sakai F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8456899 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens of fremanezumab in Japanese and Korean patients with episodic migraine.BackgroundEpisodic migraine, which accounts for more than 90% of migraine cases, is inadequately addressed by widely available preventive therapies. Fremanezumab, a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the trigeminal sensory neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide involved in migraine pathogenesis, has demonstrated efficacy in international Phase 3 trials of patients with both chronic and episodic migraine.MethodsThis Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trial randomly assigned patients with episodic migraine to receive subcutaneous fremanezumab monthly (225 mg at baseline, week 4, and week 8), fremanezumab quarterly (675 mg at baseline and placebo at weeks 4 and 8), or matching placebo. The primary endpoint was the mean change from baseline in the monthly average number of migraine days during the 12-week treatment period after the first dose.ResultsOf 357 patients enrolled (safety set, n = 356; full analysis set, n = 354), the least-squares mean (±standard error) reductions in the average number of migraine days per month during 12 weeks were significantly greater with fremanezumab monthly (-4.0 ± 0.4, n = 121) and fremanezumab quarterly (-4.0 ± 0.4, n = 117) than with placebo (-1.0 ± 0.4, n = 116; p < 0.0001 for both comparisons). The proportion of patients reaching at least a 50% reduction in the monthly average number of migraine days during the 12-week period after initial administration was also significantly improved with fremanezumab (fremanezumab monthly, 41.3%; fremanezumab quarterly, 45.3%; placebo, 11.2%; p < 0.0001 for both comparisons) as were other secondary endpoints (p < 0.001 for all comparisons between fremanezumab and placebo). Injection-site reactions were more common in fremanezumab-treated patients (fremanezumab monthly, 25.6%; fremanezumab quarterly, 29.7%; placebo, 21.4%).ConclusionFremanezumab prevents episodic migraine in Japanese and Korean patients to a similar extent than in previously reported populations with no new safety concerns.

Project description:IntroductionChronic migraine (CM) patients commonly take acute headache medications, often resulting in medication overuse (MO). This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy of fremanezumab in CM patients from Japan with and without MO, which is not yet established.MethodsA multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 2b/3 trial randomized patients (1:1:1) to monthly fremanezumab via subcutaneous injection (initial dose: 675 mg, second/third doses: 225 mg), quarterly fremanezumab (initial dose: 675 mg, second/third doses: placebo), or placebo for 3 months. This post hoc analysis analyzed data from Japanese patients with and without MO (monthly use of acute headache medication ≥ 15 days, migraine-specific acute medication ≥ 10 days, or combination medication ≥ 10 days). Outcomes included the original primary endpoint of average headache days of moderate or greater severity per month (HDs), the proportion of patients with ≥ 50% reduction in HDs and the proportion of patients changing status from with to without MO.ResultsOf 479 patients enrolled, 320 (66.8%) had baseline MO. Monthly average HDs were significantly reduced versus placebo with fremanezumab in both patients with MO (mean [standard error] difference vs. placebo: monthly - 2.0 [0.6], p = 0.0012; quarterly - 1.8 [0.6], p = 0.0042) and without MO (- 1.6 [0.8], p = 0.0437; - 1.5 [0.8], p = 0.0441). Significantly more fremanezumab-treated patients with MO (monthly 28/108 [25.9%], p = 0.0040 quarterly 25/99 [25.3%], p = 0.0070) or without MO (18/50 [36.0%], p = 0.0132; and 21/60 [35.0%], p = 0.0126) had ≥ 50% reduction in HDs versus placebo (12/111 [10.8%] and 7/49 [14.3%], respectively). A significantly greater proportion of fremanezumab-treated patients reverted to no MO (monthly 50/108 [46.3%], p = 0.0115; quarterly 44/99 [44.4%], p = 0.0272) vs. placebo (33/111 [29.7%]).ConclusionFremanezumab appears effective as preventive migraine treatment in Japanese CM patients with or without MO while also being beneficial in reducing MO.

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Project description:ImportanceFremanezumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that targets calcitonin gene-related peptide, may be effective for treating episodic migraine.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of fremanezumab compared with placebo for prevention of episodic migraine with a monthly dosing regimen or a single higher dose.Design and settingRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial conducted at 123 sites in 9 countries from March 23, 2016 (first patient randomized), to April 10, 2017, consisting of a screening visit, 28-day pretreatment period, 12-week treatment period, and final evaluation at week 12.ParticipantsStudy participants were aged 18 to 70 years with episodic migraine (6-14 headache days, with at least 4 migraine days, during 28-day pretreatment period). Patients who had previous treatment failure with 2 classes of migraine-preventive medication were excluded.InterventionsPatients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive subcutaneous monthly dosing of fremanezumab (n = 290; 225 mg at baseline, week 4, and week 8); a single higher dose of fremanezumab, as intended to support a quarterly dose regimen (n = 291; 675 mg of fremanezumab at baseline; placebo at weeks 4 and 8); or placebo (n = 294; at baseline, week 4, and week 8).Main outcomes and measuresThe primary end point was mean change in mean number of monthly migraine days during the 12-week period after the first dose.ResultsAmong 875 patients who were randomized (mean age, 41.8 [SD, 12.1] years; 742 women [85%]), 791 (90.4%) completed the trial. From baseline to 12 weeks, mean migraine days per month decreased from 8.9 days to 4.9 days in the fremanezumab monthly dosing group, from 9.2 days to 5.3 days in the fremanezumab single-higher-dose group, and from 9.1 days to 6.5 days in the placebo group. This resulted in a difference with monthly dosing vs placebo of -1.5 days (95% CI, -2.01 to -0.93 days; P < .001) and with single higher dosing vs placebo of -1.3 days (95% CI, -1.79 to -0.72 days; P < .001). The most common adverse events that led to discontinuation were injection site erythema (n = 3), injection site induration (n = 2), diarrhea (n = 2), anxiety (n = 2), and depression (n = 2).Conclusions and relevanceAmong patients with episodic migraine in whom multiple medication classes had not previously failed, subcutaneous fremanezumab, compared with placebo, resulted in a statistically significant 1.3- to 1.5-day reduction in the mean number of monthly migraine days over a 12-week period. Further research is needed to assess effectiveness against other preventive medications and in patients in whom multiple preventive drug classes have failed and to determine long-term safety and efficacy.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02629861.

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