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Dietary Behavior of Adolescents in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia: A Comparison between Cities with and without the Healthy Cities Program.

ABSTRACT: This study reports dietary behaviors of adolescents in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, and comparison of these behaviors between cities with and without the Healthy Cities Program (HCP). We surveyed 1133 school-attending adolescents aged 15-19, using a multi-staged cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size. Prevalence of daily breakfast consumption was 27.7% among the adolescents. Prevalence of daily vegetables, fruits and milk or milk products consumption was 35.9%, 28.6% and 51.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the prevalence of daily consumption of fast-food and carbonated drinks was 7.5% and 37.1%, respectively. There was no significant association between living in the healthy cities and daily intake of breakfast (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.87-1.53), fruits (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.77-1.36), vegetables (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.98-1.67), or milk/milk products (OR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.77-1.29); and the daily intake of fast-food (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.49-1.35) or carbonated drinks (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.60-1.05). These findings warrant further in-depth evaluation of the HCP in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.

SUBMITTER: Alasqah I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8465802 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Predictors of waterpipe smoking among university students in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.

Project description:IntroductionWaterpipe smoking has gained global popularity among adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to identify the predictors of waterpipe smoking among university students in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-tested, validated, and self-administered questionnaire to identify the predictors of waterpipe smoking among university students aged >18 years in the Qassim region.ResultsOf the 1158 questionnaires distributed, 928 were returned with complete responses. Of these 928 participants, 820 were men (88.7%) and the majority were unmarried (95.6%). The risk of waterpipe smoking was significantly higher in students aged >26 years (OR=3.39; 95% CI: 1.30- 8.80), those who had a brother who smoked (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.13-2.79), and those who were married (OR=3.21; 95% CI: 1.36-7.59). Furthermore, participants who had smoked cigarettes (OR=3.18; 95% CI: 1.89-5.34) or other tobacco products (OR=6.39; 95% CI: 3.69-11.07) within the past 30 days, and students who believed that waterpipe smoking was less harmful than cigarette smoking (OR=2.61; 95% CI: 1.54-4.41) had a higher risk of engaging in waterpipe smoking. However, the risk was lower among students receiving a monthly financial aid of more than US$264 (OR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.13-0.89).ConclusionsThis study revealed that higher age, being male, being married, low student financial aid, waterpipe smoker sibling, cigarette and other types of tobacco smoking in the past 30 days, and believing waterpipe smoking to be less harmful than cigarette smoking, were significant predictors of waterpipe smoking. Educational programs targeted at improving awareness of the adverse effects of waterpipe smoking should be considered for early prevention in young adults.

| S-EPMC8404266 | biostudies-literature

Barriers and beliefs among health-care workers regarding seasonal influenza vaccine in Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.

Project description:This study aimed to assess the seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) coverage rate, and to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice of health-care workers (HCWs) concerning the SIV. In this multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, a validated questionnaire was distributed randomly among HCWs. Of 523 responses from HCWs across different institutions, 282 (53.9%) respondents were females and most respondents were aged between 30 and 39 years. Overall, 48.6% of participants had been regularly vaccinated with the SIV, and 70% were willing to be vaccinated in the coming season. Reasons for HCWs' non-adherence to the SIV included their having previously had influenza, which was not severe (20.7%), and that they were young and healthy (19.2%). Belief in the effectiveness of the SIV (72.3%) and knowledge that the SIV should be administered yearly (86.6%) was high among respondents. Less than 50% of respondents believed that vaccine safety concern is the main barrier preventing health-care institutions from providing the SIV to patients. Our study results showed suboptimal SIV coverage among HCWs in Qassim region. Educational programs and campaigns regarding the risk of influenza infection, as well as the provision of adequate information, and highlighting the importance of HCWs being vaccinated are essential. Easy access to and availability of the SIV in each region is crucial for improved vaccine coverage. Health-care institutions need to more actively encourage staff to undergo influenza vaccinations on a regular basis, especially during the influenza season.

| S-EPMC7062449 | biostudies-literature

Serologic evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among cancer patients. A prospective study from Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.

Project description:[No Abstract Available].

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Patterns of self-medication in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Project description:BackgroundSelling medicines in pharmacies without a prescription is a common practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes about and prevalence of non-prescribed medication for those attending community pharmacies in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional survey based study that was designed and administered to individuals attending four community pharmacies in the main cites of Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia to obtain Over The Counter (OTC) drug use, exposure to health education, awareness of risks, important causes, and side-effects.ResultsApproximately 75% of 109 individuals attending the studied pharmacies purchased non-prescribed medicines. Most participants (80%) had read the drug pamphlets and followed the instructions for use. The most common reasons for buying non-prescribed medicines were repetition of a previous prescription by a healthcare provider (30.3%), belief that the disease was minor (26.6%), convenience of pharmacist prescription (19.3%), and the low cost and shortness of time to attend health services. The most commonly used drugs were analgesics (18.3%) followed by anti-allergic medications and antibiotics, and the least commonly used drugs were laxatives and anti-diarrheal medications. There were no significant differences in the purchase of non-prescribed drugs with respect to age, gender, and educational level. Only 9% of respondents were opposed to buying non-prescribed drugs and 34% were willing to use them only when necessary.ConclusionsThere was a high prevalence of non-prescribed medicine purchase from community pharmacies in the study area. Education efforts are needed to change this behavior.

| S-EPMC7994435 | biostudies-literature

Prevalence of Leishmania species among patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qassim province of Saudi Arabia.

Project description:BackgroundLeishmaniasis is a parasitic infection endemic in more than ninety countries of the world. The cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a most common form of leishmaniasis and it remains to be a major public health issue in Saudi Arabia. This study was undertaken to investigate the Leishmania species responsible for CL infection in different provinces of Qassim, Saudi Arabia.MethodsSkin biopsies were obtained from CL patients and DNA was extracted using the Magna pure system. Leishmania species were identified by highly specific/sensitive quantitative and qualitative PCR.ResultsOut of total 206 CL biopsies, 49.5% biopsies were found to be positive for Leishmania major (L. major), 28.6% biopsies were positive for Leishmania tropica (L. tropica), 3.9% were found to be positive for Leishmania infantum/donovani (L. infantum/donovani). Not only have these, all tested CL biopsies showed negative test for Leishmania mexicana (L. mexicana) and Leishmania viannia (L. viannia).ConclusionsThis is the first comprehensive study that shows the majority of CL in Qassim was caused by L. major and L. tropica. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first report that shows the occurrence of L. infantum/donovani in Saudi Arabia. This requires higher alert to the Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia to take proactive actions in preventing the onset of L. major, L. tropica, L. infantum and L. donovani infections.

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Project description:Background:Many factors influence hematological values such as sex, age, ethnic origin, geographic location, season, and genetic disease. The aim of this study was to detect the hematological reference value profile for healthy adults from the Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia. Methods:The project was carried out on 2,040 healthy individuals, 1,152 males and 888 females, with ages ranging from 17 to 28 years. A group of participants were recruited from the higher secondary schools, university students and premarital centers of Aljouf cities. Hematological reference value profile, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, red blood cell (RBC) count, RBC indices, white blood cell (WBC) count, differential WBC and platelet (Plt) count were measured. Moreover, a peripheral blood film was prepared in order to detect abnormalities of RBC and all samples were examined for liver function tests (LFTs) and renal function test (RFT) performed, along with a lipid profile. Results:Hb concentration, hematocrit (Hct) and RBCs were found to be significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.01). On the contrary, Plt ranges were significantly lower in male as compared to female (P < 0.01). No significant differences in the study population were determined in the other hematological parameters (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Our findings reflect that healthy adults from the Aljouf region have some hematological parameters differing quantitatively from Caucasians. The hematological reference value profile reported here can be used as normal reference values for Saudi people of the Aljouf region to help in diagnosis and consequently treatment of individuals with hematological disorders.

| S-EPMC7155819 | biostudies-literature

Growth Profile and Its Association with Nutrient Intake and Dietary Patterns among Children and Adolescents in Hail Region of Saudi Arabia.

Project description:Hail region of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has the highest adult obesity rates in the entire kingdom and limited information is available about the prevalence and patterns of growth markers. Therefore, it is important to monitor the growth trends to implement effective public health preventive strategies for the region. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of growth profile patterns (stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight) and its associations with nutrient intake and dietary patterns among children and adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 1420 children and adolescents (2-18 years), selected using a multistage stratified random-sampling technique representing both female and male schools from Hail region, KSA. Growth profile z-scores were generated using 2006 and 2007 WHO growth standards. The overall prevalence of 4.73% moderate and 1.54% severe underweight; 6.65% moderate and 2.59% severe stunting; 6.34% moderate and 2.55% severe wasting was present in the study population. Stunting decreased as age progressed with concurrent increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. There was a significantly higher prevalence of overweight (18.55% versus 23.05%; P < 0.001) and obesity (8.7% versus 13.85%; P < 0.001) in adolescents than in school-age children with higher prevalence in females as compared to males. Both stunted and overweight/obesity groups had significantly lower mean intakes for critical micronutrients necessary for growth as compared to normal children.

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Knowledge of General Dental Practitioners and Specialists about Emergency Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Project description:Context. Studies about knowledge of emergency management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) which affect children by general dental practitioners (GDPs) and specialists in Saudi Arabia are lacking. Aim:The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the knowledge level of GDPs and specialists about TDI emergency management and its relation with demographic variables in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods. A random sample of 239 GDPs and specialists was given a two-part questionnaire; the first part included demographic questions and the second part included questions related to knowledge of emergency management of luxation (intrusion and extrusion), complicated crown fracture, and avulsion injuries. Data was statistically analyzed using chi-square and ordinal logistic regression tests. The significance was set at P < 0.05. Results:The mean knowledge score was 5.57 for GDPs and 6.69 for specialists (out of 12). A significant difference was observed between both groups in the management of avulsion injury. Three factors significantly improved the dentists' knowledge: gender (female), practice type (specialist), and previous experience of encountered TDIs (P < 0.05. Conclusions:GDPs and specialists in Qassim region had moderate knowledge of emergency management of TDIs. Specialists were significantly more knowledgeable than GDPs in the management of avulsion injury when compared to the rest of the injuries.

| S-EPMC7060844 | biostudies-literature

Molecular Identification of Trypanosoma evansi Isolated from Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Riyadh and Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Project description:We analyzed the blood from 400 one-humped camels, Camelus dromedarius (C. dromedarius), in Riyadh and Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia to determine if they were infected with the parasite Trypanosoma spp. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) gene was used to detect the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. in the camels. Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) was detected in 79 of 200 camels in Riyadh, an infection rate of 39.5%, and in 92 of 200 camels in Al-Qassim, an infection rate of 46%. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolated T. evansi was closely related to the T. evansi that was detected in C. dromedarius in Egypt and the T. evansi strain B15.1 18S ribosomal RNA gene identified from buffalo in Thailand. A BLAST search revealed that the sequences are also similar to those of T. evansi from beef cattle in Thailand and to T. brucei B8/18 18S ribosomal RNA from pigs in Nigeria.

| S-EPMC8074060 | biostudies-literature

Association of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene G894T polymorphism with the risk of diabetic nephropathy in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia-A pilot study.

Project description:Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic microangiopathic complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Vascular endothelial dysfunction resulting from impaired nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in the vascular endothelial cells has been suggested as playing an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (E-NOS) gene G894T polymorphism has been reported to be associated with endothelial dysfunction leading to DN. Our objective was to evaluate the association of G894T polymorphism of eNOS gene with the risk of DN among type 2 diabetic Saudi patients.One hundred and twenty subjects were included in this study. They were divided into three groups. Group I, 40 controls. Group II, 40 type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy. Group III, 40 type2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) G894Tpolymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels were estimated.E-NOS genotype frequency showed non-significant differences among the all studied groups (p > 0.05). Both diabetic groups had significantly higher plasma nitrate levels than in controls with a significant increase in group III than in group II patients (all p < 0.0001). E NOS 894TT genotype was associated with higher plasma nitrate levels in all groups.E-NOS gene SNP is not considered as genetic risk factor for DN among type 2 diabetic Saudi patients. The higher plasma levels of nitrates as a marker of oxidative stress in diabetic patients with nephropathy suggest the possible role of oxidative stress but not e-NOS gene SNP in pathogenesis of the DN.

| S-EPMC4287856 | biostudies-other

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