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The Emerging Plasticizer Alternative DINCH and Its Metabolite MINCH Induce Oxidative Stress and Enhance Inflammatory Responses in Human THP-1 Macrophages.

ABSTRACT: The use of the plasticizer bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and other plasticizers in the manufacture of plastic products has been restricted due to adverse health outcomes such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and asthma, for which inflammation has been described to be a driving factor. The emerging alternative plasticizer 1,2-cyclohexanedioic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) still lacks information regarding its potential effects on the immune system. Here, we investigated the effects of DINCH and its naturally occurring metabolite monoisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid ester (MINCH) on the innate immune response. Human THP-1 macrophages were exposed to 10 nM-10 μM DINCH or MINCH for 4 h, 16 h, and 24 h. To decipher the underlying mechanism of action, we applied an untargeted proteomic approach that revealed xenobiotic-induced activation of immune-related pathways such as the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Key drivers were associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, and autophagy. We verified increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cellular damage, NF-κB activation, and subsequent TNF and IL-1β release, even at low nM concentrations. Taken together, DINCH and MINCH induced cellular stress and pro-inflammatory effects in macrophages, which may lead to adverse health effects.

SUBMITTER: Schaffert A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8466537 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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THP-1 cells treated with plasticizer DINCH and metabolite MINCH

Project description:Since 2008, the consumption of the plasticizer bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the manufacture of plastic products has been restricted due to several adverse health effects. 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) is increasingly used as a harmless substituent for DEHP. However, the structural similarity to DEHP and first studies demonstrating adverse effects on reproduction and metabolism in rats, suggest that DINCH may act adverse on human health. Still, there is a lack of studies on the biological effects of DINCH, especially in the immune system, which is in constant communication with other tissues and thus crucial for maintaining a functional organism. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of DINCH and its naturally occurring biotransformation product monoisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid ester (MINCH) on the innate immune response. Human THP-1 macrophages were exposed to DINCH and MINCH in a concentration range of 10 nM to 10 μM for 4 h, 16 h and 24 h in the presence of LPS.

2022-01-10 | PXD027744 | Pride

Effect of prenatal DINCH plasticizer exposure on rat offspring testicular function and metabolism.

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