Dataset Information

First human case of catheter-related blood stream infection caused by Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies coagulans: a case report and literature review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Staphylococcus schleiferi is a gram-positive pathogenic coccus which causes canine skin and ear infections. Only four cases of human infection caused by Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies coagulans have been reported. Herein, we present the first case of catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans.

Case presentation

A 62-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital for examination of sigmoid colon tumor. During hospitalization, he had fever, shaking chills, and swelling at the peripheral venous catheter insertion site. Two sets of blood cultures were positive for S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans which was confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and the coagulase test. The patient was successfully treated without relapse.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first report of catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans. S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans can be pathogenic in humans, and MALDI-TOF MS can contribute to accurate identification of S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans.

SUBMITTER: Kobayashi T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8466638 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Staphylococcus schleiferi is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and dogs. Recent taxonomic reassignment of its subspecies (S. schleiferi subsp. schleiferi and S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans) into two separate species (S. schleiferi and S. coagulans) lacks supporting data for diagnostic implications and clinical relevance. We aimed to confirm the reclassification of S. schleiferi by using genomic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) data for a large set of isolates from humans and animals to investigate their molecular epidemiology and clinical relevance. Routine MALDI-TOF analysis and Illumina sequencing were performed on 165 S. schleiferi isolates from the Netherlands. With 33 publicly available genomes, the study included 198 genomes from 149 dogs, 34 humans, and 15 other sources. The Type Strain Genome Server was used to identify species in the genomes, and the MALDI-TOF MS database was extended to improve species differentiation. MALDI-TOF did not discriminate between S. schleiferi and S. coagulans. Genome phylogeny distinguished the two species in two monophyletic clusters. S. schleiferi isolates originated from humans, while S. coagulans isolates were found in animals and three human isolates clustering with the animal isolates. The sialidase B gene (nanB) was a unique marker gene for S. schleiferi, whereas the chrA gene was exclusive for S. coagulans. The mecA gene was exclusively detected in S. coagulans, as were the lnu(A), blaZ, erm(B/C), tet(O/M), and aac(6')-aph(2'') genes. The MALDI-TOF database extension did not improve differentiation between the two species. Even though our whole-genome sequencing-based approach showed clear differentiation between these two species, it remains critical to identify S. schleiferi and S. coagulans correctly in routine diagnostics. IMPORTANCE This study clearly shows that S. schleiferi is a concern in human hospital settings, whereas S. coagulans predominantly causes infections in animals. S. coagulans is more resistant to antibiotics and can sometimes transmit to humans via exposure to infected dogs. Even though genome-based methods can clearly differentiate the two species, current diagnostic methods used routinely in clinical microbiology laboratories cannot distinguish the two bacterial species.