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Phenotype Switching in Metal-Tolerant Bacteria Isolated from a Hyperaccumulator Plant.

ABSTRACT: As an adaptation to unfavorable conditions, microorganisms may represent different phenotypes. Azolla filiculoides L. is a hyperaccumulator of pollutants, but the functions of its microbiome have not been well recognized to date. We aimed to reveal the potential of the microbiome for degradation of organic compounds, as well as its potential to promote plant growth in the presence of heavy metals. We applied the Biolog^TM Phenotypic Microarrays platform to study the potential of the microbiome for the degradation of 96 carbon compounds and stress factors and assayed the hydrolytic potential and auxin production by the microorganisms in the presence of Pb, Cd, Cr (VI), Ni, Ag, and Au. We found various phenotype changes depending on the stress factor, suggesting a possible dual function of the studied microorganisms, i.e., in bioremediation and as a biofertilizer for plant growth promotion. Delftia sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Microbacterium sp. exhibited high efficacy in metabolizing organic compounds. Delftia sp., Achromobacter sp. and Agrobacterium sp. were efficient in enzymatic responses and were characterized by metal tolerant. Since each strain exhibited individual phenotype changes due to the studied stresses, they may all be beneficial as both biofertilizers and bioremediation agents, especially when combined in one biopreparation.

SUBMITTER: Banach A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8466758 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Heavy metals (HMs) have become a major environmental pollutant threatening ecosystems and human health. Although hyperaccumulators provide a viable alternative for the bioremediation of HMs, the potential of phytoremediation is often limited by the small biomass and slow growth rate of hyperaccumulators and HM toxicity to plants. Here, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB)-assisted phytoremediation was used to enhance the phytoremediation of HM-contaminated soils. A PGPB with HM-tolerant (HMT-PGPB), Bacillus sp. PGP15 was isolated from the rhizosphere of a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator, Solanum nigrum. Pot experiments demonstrated that inoculation with strain PGP15 could significantly increase the growth of S. nigrum. More importantly, strain PGP15 markedly improved Cd accumulation in S. nigrum while alleviating Cd-induced stress in S. nigrum. Specifically, PGP15 inoculation significantly decreased the contents of H2O2, MDA, and O2·- in S. nigrum, while the activities (per gram plant fresh weight) of SOD, APX, and CAT were significantly increased in the PGP15-inoculated plants compared with the control sample. These results suggested that the interactions between strain PGP15 and S. nigrum could overcome the limits of phytoremediation alone and highlighted the promising application potential of the PGPB-hyperaccumulator collaborative pattern in the bioremediation of HM-contaminated soils. Furthermore, the PGP15 genome was sequenced and compared with other strains to explore the mechanisms underlying plant growth promotion by HMT-PGPB. The results showed that core genes that define the fundamental metabolic capabilities of strain PGP15 might not be necessary for plant growth promotion. Meanwhile, PGP15-specific genes, including many transposable elements, played a crucial role in the adaptive evolution of HM resistance. Overall, our results improve the understanding of interactions between HMT-PGPB and plants and facilitate the application of HMT-PGPB in the phytoremediation of HM-contaminated soils.

Project description:Heavy-metal-tolerant bacteria, GIMN1.004(T), was isolated from mine soils of Dabaoshan in South China, which were acidic (pH 2-4) and polluted with heavy metals. The isolation was Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, and rod-shaped bacteria having a cellular width of 0.5-0.6 µm and a length of 1.3-1.8 µm. They showed a normal growth pattern at pH 4.0-9.0 in a temperature ranging from 5 °C to 40 °C.The organism contained ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant isoprenoid quinine, and C(16:0), summed feature 8 (C(18:1)?7c and C(18:1)?6c), C(18:0), summed feature 3 (C(16:1)?7c or iso-C(15:0) 2-OH), C(17:0) cyclo, C(18:1)?9c, C(19:0) cyclo ?8c, C(14:0) as major fatty acid. These profiles were similar to those reported for Burkholderia species. The DNA G+C % of this strain was 61.6%. Based on the similarity to 16S rRNA gene sequence, GIMN1.004(T) was considered to be in the genus Burkholderia. The similarities of 16S rRNA gene sequence between strain GIMN1.004(T) and members of the genus Burkholderia were 96-99.4%, indicating that this novel strain was phylogenetically related to members of that genus. The novel strain showed the highest sequence similarities to Burkholderia soli DSM 18235(T) (99.4%); Levels of DNA-DNA hybridization with DSM 18235(T) was 25%. Physiological and biochemical tests including cell wall composition analysis, differentiated phenotype of this strain from that closely related Burkholderia species. The isolation had great tolerance to cadmium with MIC of 22 mmol/L, and adsorbability of 144.94 mg/g cadmium,and it was found to exhibit antibiotic resistance characteristics. The adsorptive mechanism of GIMN1.004(T) for cadmium depended on the action of the amide,carboxy and phosphate of cell surface and producing low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids to complex or chelated Cd(2+).Therefore, the strain GIMN1.004(T) represented a new cadmium resistance species, which was tentatively named as Burkholderia dabaoshanensis sp. nov. The strain type is GIMN1.004(T) (= CCTCC M 209109(T) = NRRL B-59553(T)).

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Phenotype Switching in Metal-Tolerant Bacteria Isolated from a Hyperaccumulator Plant.

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