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Development of Optimal Digesting Conditions for Microplastic Analysis in Dried Seaweed Gracilaria fisheri.

ABSTRACT: Currently, research on the accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the marine food web is being highlighted. An accurate and reliable digestion method to extract and isolate MPs from complex food matrices has seldom been validated. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of MP isolation among enzymatic-, oxidative-, and the combination of two digestion methods on red seaweed, Gracilaria fisheri. The dried seaweed sample was digested using three different methods under various conditions using enzymes (cellulase and protease), 30% H₂O₂, and a combination of enzymes and 30% H₂O₂. The method possessing the best digestion efficiency and polymer recovery rate of MPs was selected, and its effect on spiked plastic polymer integrity was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. As a result, the enzymatic method rendered moderate digestion efficiency (59.3-63.7%) and high polymer recovery rate (94.7-98.9%). The oxidative method using 30% H₂O₂ showed high digestion efficiency (93.0-96.3%) and high polymer recovery rate (>98%). The combination method was the most effective method in terms of digestion efficiency, polymer recovery rate, and expenditure of digestion time. The method also showed no chemical changes in the spiked plastic polymers (PE, PP, PS, PVC, and PET) after the digestion process. All the spiked plastic polymers were identifiable using Raman spectroscopy.

SUBMITTER: Prihandari R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8467988 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dried seaweed

Project description:Dried seaweed Raw sequence reads

| PRJNA1088076 | ENA

Development and characterization of microsatellite loci for the haploid-diploid red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla.

Project description:Microsatellite loci are popular molecular markers due to their resolution in distinguishing individual genotypes. However, they have rarely been used to explore the population dynamics in species with biphasic life cycles in which both haploid and diploid stages develop into independent, functional organisms. We developed microsatellite loci for the haploid-diploid red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla, a widespread non-native species in coastal estuaries of the Northern hemisphere. Forty-two loci were screened for amplification and polymorphism. Nine of these loci were polymorphic across four populations of the extant range with two to eleven alleles observed. Mean observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.265 to 0.527 and 0.317 to 0.387, respectively. Overall, these markers will aid in the study of the invasive history of this seaweed and further studies on the population dynamics of this important haploid-diploid primary producer.

| S-EPMC4558075 | biostudies-literature

Elevated Temperature-Induced Epimicrobiome Shifts in an Invasive Seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla.

Project description:Epibacterial communities on seaweeds are affected by several abiotic factors such as temperature and acidification. Due to global warming, surface seawater temperatures are expected to increase by 0.5-5 °C in the next century. However, how epibacterial communities associated with seaweeds will respond to global warming remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the response of epibacterial communities associated with the invasive Gracilaria vermiculophylla exposed to 3 °C above ambient temperature for 4 months using a benthocosm system in Kiel, Germany, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results showed that elevated temperature affected the beta-diversity of the epibacterial communities. Some potential seaweed pathogens such as Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio, Thalassotalea, and Acinetobacter were identified as indicator genera at the elevated temperature level. Thirteen core raw amplicon sequence variants in the elevated temperature group were the same as the populations distributed over a wide geographical range, indicating that these core ASVs may play an important role in the invasive G. vermicullophylla. Overall, this study not only contributes to a better understanding of how epibacterial communities associated with G. vermiculophylla may adapt to ocean warming, but also lays the foundation for further exploration of the interactions between G. vermiculophylla and its epimicrobiota.

| S-EPMC10058608 | biostudies-literature

Effect of quorum sensing signals produced by seaweed-associated bacteria on carpospore liberation from Gracilaria dura.

Project description:Epiphytic and endophytic bacteria associated with green macroalgae Ulva (U. fasciata and U. lactuca) and red macroalgae Gracilaria (G. corticata and G. dura) have been identified from three different seasons to evaluate the effect of quorum sensing (QS) molecules on carpospores liberation from Gracilaria dura. The bacterial isolates belonging to the orders Bacillales, Pseudomonadales, Alteromonadales, and Vibrionales were present in all seasons, whereas Actinomycetales and Enterobacteriales were confined to pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Among all the Gram-negative bacteria, seven isolates were found to produce different types of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). Interestingly, Shewanella algae produced five types of AHL: C4-HSL, HC4-HSL, C6-HSL, 3-oxo-C6-HSL, and 3-oxo-C12-HSL. Subsequently, the AHLs producing bacterial isolates were screened for carpospore liberation from G. dura and these isolates were found to positively induce carpospore liberation over the control. Also, observed that carpospore liberation increased significantly in C4- and C6-HSL treated cystocarps. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the total protein of the C4- and C6-HSL treated cystocarps showed two specific peptide bands of different molecular weights (50 kDa and 60 kDa) as compared to the control, confirming their indirect effect on carpospore liberation.

| S-EPMC4349058 | biostudies-literature

Tracing the trans-pacific evolutionary history of a domesticated Seaweed (Gracilaria chilensis) with archaeological and genetic data.

Project description:The history of a domesticated marine macroalga is studied using archaeological, phylogeographic and population genetic tools. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses demonstrated that the cultivated red alga Gracilaria chilensis colonised the Chilean coast from New Zealand. Combining archaeological observations with phylogeographic data provided evidence that exchanges between New Zealand and Chile have occurred at least before the Holocene, likely at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and we suggest that migration probably occurred via rafting. Furthermore, the remarkably low microsatellite diversity found in the Chilean populations compared to those in New Zealand is consistent with a recent genetic bottleneck as a result of over-exploitation of natural populations and/or the process of domestication. Therefore, the aquaculture of this seaweed, based essentially on clonal propagation, is occurring from genetically depressed populations and may be driving the species to an extinction vortex in Chile.

| S-EPMC4263469 | biostudies-literature

Biostimulant red seaweed (Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui) extracts spray improves yield and drought tolerance in soybean.

Project description:Drought has a deleterious impact on the growth, physiology, and yield of various plants, including soybean. Seaweed extracts are rich in various bioactive compounds, including antioxidants, and can be used as biostimulants for improving yield and alleviating the adverse effect of drought stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean growth and yield with different concentrations (0.0%, 5.0%, and 10.0% v/v) of water extracts of the red seaweed Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui under well-watered (80% of field capacity (FC) and drought (40% of FC)) conditions. Drought stress decreased soybean grain yield by 45.58% compared to well-watered circumstances but increased the water saturation deficit by 37.87%. It also decreased leaf water, chlorophyll content, plant height, and the fresh weight of the leaf, stem, and petiole. Drought stress decreased soybean grain yield by 45.58% compared to well-watered circumstances but increased the water saturation deficit by 37.87%. It also decreased leaf water, chlorophyll content, plant height, and the fresh weight of the leaf, stem, and petiole. Under both drought and well-watered situations, foliar application of seaweed extracts dramatically improved soybean growth and production. Under drought and well-watered situations, 10.0% seaweed extract increased grain yield by 54.87% and 23.97%, respectively in comparison to untreated plants. The results of this study suggest that red seaweed extracts from Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui may be used as a biostimulant to improve soybean yield and drought tolerance in the presence of insufficient water. However, the actual mechanisms behind these improvements need to be further investigated in field conditions.

| S-EPMC10292196 | biostudies-literature

Purification and Evaluation of N-benzyl Cinnamamide from Red Seaweed Gracilaria fisheri as an Inhibitor of Vibrio harveyi AI-2 Quorum Sensing.

Project description:Previously, we reported that the ethanol extract from red seaweed Gracilaria fisheri effectively decreased biofilm formation of Vibrio harveyi. In this study, the anti-biofilm active compounds in the ethanol extract were isolated and their structures identified. The anti-biofilm fractionation assay for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) produced two fractions which possessed maximal inhibitory activities toward the biofilm formation of V. harveyi strains 1114 and BAA 1116. Following chromatographic separation of the bioactive fractions, two pure compounds were isolated, and their structures were elucidated using FTIR, NMR, and HR-TOF-MS. The compounds were N-benzyl cinnamamide and ?-resorcylic acid. The in vitro activity assay demonstrated that both compounds inhibited the biofilm formation of V. harveyi and possessed the anti-quorum sensing activity by interfering with the bioluminescence of the bacteria. However, the N-benzyl cinnamamide was more potent than ?-resorcylic acid with a 10-fold lesser MIC. The present study reveals the beneficial property of the N-benzyl cinnamamide from the ethanol extract as a lead anti-microbial drug against V. harveyi.

| S-EPMC7073586 | biostudies-literature

Biology, farming and applications of economically important red seaweed Gracilaria edulis (S. G. Gmelin) P. C. Silva: A concise review.

Project description:Gracilaria edulis is one of the most studied agarophytes, especially in tropical regions like India because of its natural abundance. Apart from the Indian peninsula, it is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The taxonomy of G. edulis is evolving; currently G. edulis is the taxonomically accepted name, however several phylogenetic and morphological investigations supported its inclusion in the genus Hydropuntia. In addition to the conventional farming methods like the tube net and raft methods which use clonally propagated seed material, spore-based planting materials like carpospores have been employed to cultivate G. edulis. Co-cultivation with shrimp farm wastewater has also been practised to make the cultivation economically viable and environmentally sustainable as the seaweed could provide an efficient ecosystem service by up taking nitrogen from the shrimp waste. Like other seaweed cultivation systems, farming of G. edulis is also infested by various epiphytes like Ulva, Cladophora, Ceramium, Centroceras, Hypnea and Padina as well as grazed by fishes like Monodactylus, Pelates and Pteroscirtes which decrease the growth and ultimately result in low yield of agar, seaweed sap and other value added products. Food grade agar produced by this seaweed is an important resource and the current review focusses on the latest extraction technologies. Further, there also is evidence based application of plant bio-stimulant derived from G. edulis feedstock which has proven to be highly effective in enhancing the yield by 10-33% in field trials of nine cash crops.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10811-023-02955-8.

| S-EPMC10075181 | biostudies-literature

Development of the Process Model and Optimal Drying Conditions of Biomass Power Plants.

Project description:An empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a byproduct of the palm oil production process with an undried moisture content of 60-70%, which is too high for use as direct combustion fuel. Drying processes are generally considered essential for the recent use of EFBs as power plant fuels because their high moisture content decreases the boiler efficiency. The lower moisture content of dried EFBs increases the heating value and boiler efficiency but creates a trade-off with the energy required for the drying process. This study developed an EFB-based 10 MW power plant model by integrating economic evaluations in order to obtain optimal drying conditions. A hot air dryer was used in the drying process. The EFB evaporation behavior was predicted by reflecting the drying kinetics of EFBs in Aspen Plus. The optimum drying conditions were found to be a steam recirculation ratio of 0.25 and drying time of 23 min, creating dried EFBs with a 9.91% moisture content, which reduced costs by 5.48% relative to the undried base scenario. In addition, the developed model was compared to the drying process of a real power plant currently under construction in Indonesia. This drying process reduces the EFB moisture content from 48 to 20%.

| S-EPMC7034000 | biostudies-literature

Optimal conditions for mouse follicle culture.

Project description:Mammalian ovaries contain a large number of immature follicles. Follicular culture can contribute to the production of fertile oocytes from latent immature follicles, providing a useful tool for exploring the developmental competencies and related factors that oocytes acquire during growth. However, the potential of oocytes produced by follicular culture is limited. Herein, the optimal follicular culture conditions for the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone to the medium and oxygen concentration were investigated. Polyvinylpyrrolidone with a high molecular weight (≥ 360,000) and a 7% oxygen concentration were found to increase the blastocyst formation rate by more than 20% compared with conventional culture conditions. Although the developmental ability of oocytes produced by follicular culture remained inferior to that of in vivo-derived oocytes, these findings may pave the way for enhanced production of fertile oocytes in vitro and for studying the process of full developmental potency acquisition by oocytes.

| S-EPMC8568610 | biostudies-literature

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