Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Secondary Metabolites from Inonotus nidus-pici.
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SUBMITTER: Garadi Z
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8468361 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Endophytic fungi have been recognized as a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites. The endophytic Trichoderma species were isolated from Vinca plants (Vinca major, Vinca herbacea, and Vinca minor), found in Iran and screened for antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activity. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, four fungal species were identified: T. asperellum, T. brevicompactum, T. koningiopsis, and T. longibrachiatum. In addition, endophytic fungi bioactivity of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts (7.8-250 ?gml-1) were assessed against a panel of pathogenic fungi and bacteria and IC80 was calculated. Data showed that both methanol and ethyl acetate extracts from all endophytic isolates had significant cytotoxic effects against the model target fungus Pyricularia oryzae. Further research indicated that they had significant antimicrobial bioactivity against the human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and plant pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis as well. According to the bioactivity results, crude ethyl acetate extract of T. koningiopsis VM115 isolate was determined for TLC and GC-MS analysis. An antifungal compound was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of T. koningiopsis VM115 based on bioassay guided fractionation. The 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic data showed that the compound was trichodermin, which exhibited strong fungicidal effects against P. oryzae, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Botrytis cinera with MICs of 31.25 ?g ml-1 through in vitro antifungal tests. GC-MS analysis identified six classes of volatile compound produced by T. koningiopsis VM115 (alcohols, esters, pyrones (lactones), acids, furanes and lipids). 6-n-pentyl-6H-pyran-2-one (6PP) was identified as one of the most abundant metabolites in this research. These results indicate that the fungal endophytes from Vinca plants had antibacterial and cytotoxic activities; evidence that endophytes are a good source of biological activity and compounds. This work is the first report of Trichodermin production by T. koningiopsis species.
| S-EPMC6051055 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The treatment of infectious diseases with antimicrobial agents continues to present problems in modern-day medicine with many studies showing significant increase in the incidence of bacterial resistance to several antibiotics. The screening of antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and natural products has shown that medicinal plants are made up of a potential source of new anti-infective agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts and compounds from the whole plant Trifolium baccarinii Chiov. and to determine their modes of antibacterial action. The plant extracts were prepared by maceration in organic solvents. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated using the broth microdilution method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays. The mechanisms of antibacterial action were determined by lysis, salt tolerance assays, and antioxidant enzyme activities. The cytotoxic effect on the erythrocytes was determined by a spectrophotometric method. Biochanin A, formononetin, luteolin, luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 4,7,2'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanol, sissotrin, 1-methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, ononin, D-mannitol, and 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosylsoyasapogenol B were isolated from Trifolium baccarinii. The MeOH, EtOAc, and n-BuOH extracts as well as biochanin A, formononetin, luteolin, luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 4,7,2'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanol, and sissotrin from Trifolium baccarinii displayed the highest antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The MeOH extract and 4,7,2'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanol exhibited antibacterial activity through the bacteriolytic effect and reduction of the antioxidant defenses in the bacterial cells. The present study portrays Trifolium baccarinii as a potential natural source of antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant agents.
| S-EPMC8556085 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ContextThymus alternans Klokov (Lamiaceae) is a neglected species of the genus Thymus (Sect. Serpyllum) endemic to Carpathian area, where it is used as a flavouring agent and for medicinal purposes.ObjectiveThe aim of the work was to identify antiproliferative constituents from the flowering aerial parts of this plant.Materials and methodsThymus alternans extracts were analyzed by HPLC-MSn and subjected to extensive chromatographic separations. The isolated compounds (phenolics and triterpenes) were structurally elucidated by MS and 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Essential oil (EO) composition was determined by GC-FID and GC-MS. Six purified triterpenes and EO were assayed for in vitro antiproliferative activity against a panel of human cancer cells, namely, breast (MDA-MB 231), colon (HCT-15 and HCT116), lung (U1810), pancreatic (BxPC3), melanoma (A375) and cervical carcinoma (A431) cells.ResultsThe structures of the isolated compounds were achieved on the basis of H-NMR and MS experiments. Luteolin-4'-O-?-d-glucopyranoside (P1), chrysoeriol-7-O-?-d-glucopyranoside (P2), chrysoeriol-5-O-?-d-glucopyranoside (P3), apigenin-7-O-?-d-glucopyranoside (P4), rosmarinic acid (P5), rosmarinic acid-3'-O-?-d-glucopyranoside (P6), caffeic acid-3-O-?-d-glucopyranoside (P7), 3?-hydroxy-urs-12,15-diene (T1), ?-amyrin (T2), ?-amyrin (T3), isoursenol (T4), epitaraxerol (T5), and oleanolic acid (T6). GC-MS analysis revealed that the EO of T. alternans was devoid of phenols and belonged to the nerolidol-chemotype, that is typical of the Sect. Serpyllum. The six purified triterpenes (T1-T6) were active with IC50 ranging from 0.5 to 5??M being comparable or better than those of reference compounds betulinic acid and cisplatin. The EO exhibited significant effects on A375, MDA-MB 231 and HCT116 cell lines with IC50 in the range of 5-8??g/mL.ConclusionThe reported results suggest that T. alternans can be considered as a good source of phytoconstituents with possible importance in the pharmaceutical field.
| S-EPMC6130594 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The rise in consumption of energy-dense foods has resulted in the displacement of several essential dietary gaps, causing numerous long-lasting diseases, including obesity, stroke, hypertension, and several forms of cancer. Epidemiological studies encourage more fruit consumption to prevent these diseases. The defensive mechanisms provided by these fruits against illness are due to the existence of several antioxidants. Recent studies proved that (poly) phenolic compounds are ideally the core phytochemicals with both functional and health-promoting properties found in the plant's kingdom, and low intake could result in the risk of certain diseases. Phytonutrients are powerful antioxidants that can modify metabolic activation and detoxification of carcinogens. The ideal motive of this review is to provide an overview as well as illuminate the polyphenolic merits of fruits in general. Fruits have several merits, including weight maintenance, proper health development, and satiety. There are many analytical methods for determining and measuring the phenolic content of different products. Phenolic compounds are of nutritional interest since they aid in the retardation and inhibition of lipids by acting as scavengers that prevent and protect the proliferation of oxidative chains. Future studies are required to help identify the physiological metabolic activities as well as to improve human health.
| S-EPMC7229537 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coronilla species, belonging to the Coronilla genus (Fabaceae), have long been used in traditional medicine for treating cold, diabetes, pain, and as cardiotonics. The goal of the present study was to explore the phytochemical composition and pharmaco-toxicological properties of C. minima. In this regard, phenolic content, scavenging/reducing properties and antimicrobial activity toward pathogen bacterial (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, Aspergillus tubigensis and A. minutus) were investigated. Extract effects on human colon cancer HCT116 cell viability were also assayed. Finally, a bioinformatics approach was conducted with the aim to identify putative microbial and human protein targets underlying antibacterial, antimycotic, and antiproliferative effects. Phytochemical investigation suggested that water extract is richer in terms of total flavonoid and phenol content, whereas the hydroalcoholic extract was revealed to be more potent as antioxidant agent. According to bioinformatics analysis, the antibacterial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract could be related to its content in resveratrol. The presence of resveratrol could also explain the hydroalcoholic extract efficacy in reducing HCT116 cell viability. In conclusion, the present study represents the first phytochemical and bio-pharmacological investigation about C. minima. Like other plants belonging to the Fabaceae family, C. minima revealed a good source of resveratrol, which could explain, albeit partially, the efficacy of the hydroalcoholic extract as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiproliferative agent.
| S-EPMC7560210 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Marine-derived fungi are considered to be valuable producers of bioactive secondary metabolites used as lead compounds with medicinal importance. In this study, chemical investigation of the seawater-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii SW9 led to the isolation and identification of one new quinazolinone alkaloid, 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-4-(3-acetyl)quinazolin-one (1), one new aromatic bisabolene-type sesquiterpenoid, (2) and one new chorismic acid analogue (3), as well as two known alkaloids (compounds 4 and 5). Their structures were determined by extensive 1D/2D NMR and mass spectrometric data, and the absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were assigned by the analysis of ECD spectra aided by quantum chemical computations. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited selective inhibitory activities against the human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, with MIC values ranging from 2.0 to 16 μg/mL.
| S-EPMC6943586 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform extract of Tapinella atrotomentosa led to the isolation of four secondary metabolites 1?4. Two of the compounds are lactones—osmundalactone (1) and 5-hydroxy-hex-2-en-4-olide (2)—while 3 and 4 were identified as terphenyl quinones, spiromentins C and B, respectively. The structures of the compounds were established on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis. The isolated fungal metabolites were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against several Gram-positive and negative bacteria. In addition, their synergistic effect with cefuroxime against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was also evaluated. Compounds 1?3 proved to possess significant antibacterial activity against multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii and extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. The investigation of the antioxidant effect of the isolated compounds in DPPH and ORAC assays revealed that spiromentins C (3) and B (4) have remarkable antioxidant activity.
| S-EPMC6102582 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The peculiar aspect that emerges from the study of Orchidaceae is the presence of various molecules, which are particularly interesting for pharmaceutical chemistry due to their wide range of biological resources. The aim of our study was to investigate the properties of two dihydrophenanthrenes, isolated, for the first time, from Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge (Orchidaceae) bulbs and roots. Chemical and spectroscopic study of the bulbs and roots of Himantoglossumrobertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge resulted in the isolation of two known dihydrophenanthrenes-loroglossol and hircinol-never isolated from this plant species. The structures were evaluated based on 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and two-dimensional spectra, and by comparison with the literature. These two molecules have been tested for their possible antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic activities. In particular, it has been shown that these molecules cause an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN); show antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and have anti-proliferative effects on gastric cancer cell lines, inducing apoptosis effects. Therefore, these two molecules could be considered promising candidates for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical preparations.
| S-EPMC8708532 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the current study, methanol (ADAM) extracts and their fractions, including chloroform (ADAC), ethyl acetate (ADAE), n-hexane (ADAH), and aqueous (ADAA) fractions, were prepared from aerial parts of Anogeissus dhofarica and evaluated for phytochemical assessment, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) analysis, and in vitro bioassays. The qualitative analysis determined that, except alkaloids, all the representative groups were found to be present in the analyzed samples. Samples under quantitative study displayed the highest amount of total phenolic contents in the ADAE fraction, while total flavonoid contents were highest in the ADAM extract. The ADAM extract was subjected to HR-ESI-MS to identify the chemical constituents that presented twenty-two bioactive ingredients, outlined for the first time from A. dhofarica, mainly contributed by sub-class flavanones. In the case of antimicrobial activity, the ADAE extract revealed an effective zone of inhibition (ZOI) against the Gram-positive bacterial strain (Staphylococcus aureus) with an MIC value of 0.78 ± 0.3 mg/mL, while the ADAA extract exhibited higher ZOI (34 ± 0.12 mm) against the fungal strain Candida kruzei with an MIC of 0.78 mg/mL. In the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) analysis, the ADAE extract exhibited a maximum scavenging potential with an IC50 of 9.8 ± 1.2 μg/mL, succeeded by the ADAM extract with an IC50 of 17.4 ± 0.4 μg/mL free radical scavenging capability. In the antidiabetic assessment, the ADAE extract was the most effective, with an IC50 of 6.40 ± 0.1 μg/mL, while the same extract demonstrated prominent activity with 30.8% viability and an IC50 of 6.2 ± 0.3 μg/mL against breast cancer cell lines. The brine shrimp lethality assay demonstrated a correlation with the in vitro cytotoxicity assay, showing the ADAE extract as the most active, with a 70% mortality rate and an LC50 of 300.1 μg/mL. In conclusion, all the tested samples, especially the ADAE and ADAM extracts, have significant capabilities for the investigated activities that could be due to the presence of the bioactive compounds.
| S-EPMC9952305 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Asparagopsis taxiformis (Rhodophyta) is a species of red algae belonging to the family Bonnemaisoniaceae. The objective of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of four fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol) of A. taxiformis.The red seaweed, A. taxiformis was collected from Mandapam Coastal Region, Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu. Epiphytes present in algal extracts were cleaned and washed with seawater and fresh water. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by hydrogen peroxide scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxide radical, metal-chelating activity, and phosphomolybdenum reduction assay. Further, the cytotoxic activity was evaluated using brine shrimp lethality assay. This method is rapid, reliable, inexpensive, and convenient as compared to other cytotoxicity assays. Gallic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ascorbic acid, and quercetin were used as reference antioxidant compounds.Reducing power of chloroform extract increased with increasing concentration of the extract. The radical scavenging activity of extracts was in the following order: ascorbic acid > methanol > chloroform > petroleum ether > ethyl acetate. Highest metal-chelating activity was observed in petroleum ether fractions (63%). Reduction of Mo (VI) to Mo (V) increased in methanol extract (27%) at 100 μg/ml. Moreover, all fractions had an inhibitory effect on the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Results showed that ethyl acetate, methanol, and petroleum ether fractions exhibited potent cytotoxic activity with median lethal concentration values of 84.33, 104.4, and 104.4 μg/ml, respectively.Thus, the results showed that red algae possess strong antioxidant and cytotoxic activity that suggests their possible use in the development of pharmaceutical drugs.Various fractions of red algae Asparagopsis taxiformis was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative studies. All results indicate potential use of red algae for drug development. Abbreviations Used: Mo: Molybdenum, AlCl3.H2O: Aluminum chloride, NaNO2: Sodium nitrite, NaOH: Sodium hydroxide, H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide, NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NBT: Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride, PMS: Phenyl methanesulfonate, FeCl2: Ferrous chloride.
| S-EPMC5541479 | biostudies-other