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Transcriptional Controls for Early Bolting and Flowering in Angelica sinensis.

ABSTRACT: The root of the perennial herb Angelica sinensis is a widely used source for traditional Chinese medicines. While the plant thrives in cool-moist regions of western China, early bolting and flowering (EBF) for young plants significantly reduces root quality and yield. Approaches to inhibit EBF by changes in physiology during the vernalization process have been investigated; however, the mechanism for activating EBF is still limited. Here, transcript profiles for bolted and unbolted plants (BP and UBP, respectively) were compared by transcriptomic analysis, expression levels of candidate genes were validated by qRT-PCR, and the accumulations of gibberellins (GA₁, GA₄, GA₈, GA₉ and GA₂₀) were also monitored by HPLC-MS/MS. A total of over 72,000 unigenes were detected with ca. 2600 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) observed in the BP compared with UBP. While various signaling pathways participate in flower induction, it is genes associated with floral development and the sucrose pathway that are observed to be coordinated in EBF plants, coherently up- and down-regulating flowering genes that activate and inhibit flowering, respectively. The signature transcripts pattern for the developmental pathways that drive flowering provides insight into the molecular signals that activate plant EBF.

SUBMITTER: Li M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8468642 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:In flowering Chinese cabbage, early booting is one of the most important characteristics that is linked with quality and production. Through fixed light intensity (280 μmol·m-2·s-1) and fixed intermittent lighting in flowering Chinese cabbage, there was early bolting, bud emergence, and flowering. Moreover, the aboveground fresh weight, blade area, dry weight of blade, and quantification of the leaves in flowering Chinese cabbage were significantly reduced, while the thickness of tillers, tillers height, dry weight of tillers, and tillers weight were significantly increased. The chlorophyll contents and soil-plant analysis and development (SPAD) value decreased in the early stage and increased in the later stage. The nitrate content decreased, while the photosynthetic rate, vitamin C content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, phenolic content, and flavonoid content increased, and mineral elements also accumulated. In order to explore the mechanism of intermittent light promoting the early bolting and flowering of '49d' flowering Chinese cabbage, this study analyzed the transcriptional regulation from a global perspective using RNA sequencing. A total of 17,086 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained and 396 DEGs were selected that were closely related to early bolting. These DEGs were mainly involved in pollen wall assembly and plant circadian rhythm pathways, light action (34 DEGs), hormone biosynthesis and regulation (26 DEGs), development (21 DEGs), and carbohydrate synthesis and transport (6 DEGs). Three hub genes with the highest connectivity were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA): BrRVE, BrLHY, and BrRVE1. It is speculated that they may be involved in the intermittent light regulation of early bolting in flowering Chinese cabbage. In conclusion, intermittent light can be used as a useful tool to regulate plant growth structure, increase planting density, enhance photosynthesis, increase mineral accumulation, accelerate growth, and shorten the breeding cycle.

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Transcriptional Controls for Early Bolting and Flowering in Angelica sinensis.

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