Prevalence and Incidence of Osteoarthritis: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hamood R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8468886 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:IntroductionEvidence suggests that many risk factors for cancer are overrepresented in people who experience incarceration, and data on cancer epidemiology are limited for this population. We aimed to describe cancer prevalence, incidence and mortality in adults admitted to provincial custody in Ontario, Canada in 2000.MethodsWe linked data on 48,166 adults admitted to provincial custody in Ontario in 2000 with Ontario Cancer Registry data to 2012. We calculated cancer prevalence in the 10 years prior to admission to custody in 2000, incidence between 2000 and 2012 and mortality between 2000 and 2011. Standardized for age, we calculated incidence and mortality ratios by sex compared to the general population of Ontario.ResultsThe 10-year cancer prevalence was 0.4% in men and 0.6% in women at admission to provincial custody in 2000. Between 2000 and 2012, 2.6% of men and 2.8% of women were diagnosed with new cancer. The standardized incidence ratio for cancer was 1.0 (95% CI 0.9-1.0) for men and 0.9 (95% CI 0.7-1.0) for women compared to the general population, and was significantly increased for cervical, head and neck, liver and lung cancers. The standardized mortality ratio was 1.6 (95% CI 1.4-1.7) in men and 1.4 (95% CI 1.0-1.9) in women, and was significantly increased for head and neck, liver, and lung cancers.ConclusionsThere is an excess burden of cancer in people who experience incarceration. Cancer prevention should include people who experience incarceration, and the period of incarceration may offer an opportunity for intervention.
| S-EPMC5321272 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Population trends of disease prevalence and incidence over time measure burden of disease and inform healthcare planning. Neuromuscular disorders (NMD) affect muscle and nerve function with varying degrees of severity and disease progression. OBJECTIVE:Using health administrative databases we described trends in incidence, prevalence, and mortality of adults and children with NMD. We also explored place of death and use of palliative care. METHODS:Population-based (Ontario, Canada) cohort study (2003 to 2014) of adults and children with NMD identified using International Classification of Disease and health insurance billing codes within administrative health databases. RESULTS:Adult disease prevalence increased on average per year by 8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 6% to 10%, P <.001), with the largest increase in adults18-39 years. Childhood disease prevalence increased by 10% (95% CI 8% to 11%, P <.0001) per year, with the largest increase in children 0 to 5 years. Prevalence increased across all diagnoses except amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy for adults and all diagnoses for children. Adult incidence decreased by 3% (95% CI -4% to -2%, P <.0001) but incidence remained stable in children. Death occurred in 34,336 (18.5%) adults; 21,236 (61.8%) of whom received palliative care. Death occurred in 1,009 (5.6%) children; 507 (50.2%) of whom received palliative care. Mortality decreased over time in adults (odds ratio (OR) 0.86, 95% CI 0.86-0.87, P <.0001) and children (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.76-0.82, P <.0001). Use of palliative care over time increased for adults (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.28, P <.0001) and children (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.23, P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS:In both adults and children, NMD prevalence is rising and mortality rates are declining. In adults incidence is decreasing while in children it remains stable. This confirms on a population-based level the increased survival of children and adults with NMD.
| S-EPMC6435115 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To describe the prevalence and longitudinal course of radiographic, erosive and symptomatic hand osteoarthritis (HOA) in the general population.Framingham osteoarthritis (OA) study participants obtained bilateral hand radiographs at baseline and 9-year follow-up. The authors defined radiographic HOA at joint level as Kellgren-Lawrence grade (KLG)?2, erosive HOA as KLG?2 plus erosion and symptomatic HOA as KLG?2 plus pain/aching/stiffness. Presence of HOA at individual level was defined as ?1 affected joint. The prevalence was age-standardised (US 2000 Population 40-84 years).Mean (SD) baseline age was 58.9 (9.9) years (56.5% women). The age-standardised prevalence of HOA was only modestly higher in women (44.2%) than men (37.7%), whereas the age-standardised prevalence of erosive and symptomatic OA was much higher in women (9.9% vs 3.3%, and 15.9% vs 8.2%). The crude incidence of HOA over 9-year follow-up was similar in women (34.6%) and men (33.7%), whereas the majority of those women (96.4%) and men (91.4%) with HOA at baseline showed progression during follow-up. Incident metacarpophalangeal and wrist OA were rare, but occurred more frequently and from an earlier age in men than women. Development of erosive disease occurred mainly in those with non-erosive HOA at baseline (as opposed to those without HOA), and was more frequent in women (17.3%) than men (9.6%).The usual female predominance of prevalent and incident HOA was less clear for radiographic HOA than for symptomatic and erosive HOA. With an ageing population, the impact of HOA will further increase.
| S-EPMC3867970 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe burden of psoriasis across many world regions is high and there is a recognized need to better understand the epidemiology of this common skin disorder.ObjectivesTo examine changes in the prevalence and incidence of psoriasis, and mortality rates over a 15-year period.MethodsCohort study involving analysis of longitudinal electronic health records between 1999 and 2013 using the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).ResultsThe prevalence of psoriasis increased steadily from 2·3% (2297 cases per 100 000) in 1999 to 2·8% (2815 per 100 000) in 2013, which does not appear to be attributable to changes in incidence rates. We observed peaks in age bands characteristic of early-onset (type I) and late-onset (type II) psoriasis, and changes in incidence and prevalence rates with increasing latitude in the U.K. All-cause mortality rates for the general population and for patients with psoriasis have decreased over the last 15 years. However, the risk of all-cause mortality for patients with psoriasis remains elevated compared with people without psoriasis (hazard ratio 1·21; 95% confidence interval 1·13-1·3) and we found no significant change in this relative excess mortality gap over time.ConclusionsWe found an increasing population living longer with psoriasis in the U.K., which has important implications for healthcare service delivery and for resource allocation. Importantly, early mortality in patients with psoriasis remains elevated compared with the general population and we found no evidence of change in this premature mortality gap.
| S-EPMC5363241 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability in the elderly, however, there are few studies to estimate the global prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of knee OA.MethodsFor this study, we searched PUBMED, EMBASE and SCOPUS from inception to April 4, 2020, without language restriction. We identified eligible studies with information on the prevalence or incidence of knee OA in population-based observational studies and extracted data from published reports. We did random-effects meta-analysis to generate estimates. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020181035).FindingsOut of 9570 records identified, 88 studies with 10,081,952 participants were eligible for this study. The pooled global prevalence of knee OA was 16⋅0% (95% CI, 14⋅3%-17⋅8%) in individuals aged 15 and over and was 22⋅9% (95% CI, 19⋅8%-26⋅1%) in individuals aged 40 and over. Correspondingly, there are around 654⋅1 (95% CI, 565⋅6-745⋅6) million individuals (40 years and older) with knee OA in 2020 worldwide. The pooled global incidence of knee OA was 203 per 10,000 person-years (95% CI, 106-331) in individuals aged 20 and over. Correspondingly, there are around annual 86⋅7 (95% CI, 45⋅3-141⋅3) million individuals (20 years and older) with incident knee OA in 2020 worldwide. The prevalence and incidence varied substantially between individual countries and increased with age. The ratios of prevalence and incidence in females and males were 1⋅69 (95% CI, 1⋅59-1⋅80, p<0⋅00) and 1⋅39 (95% CI, 1⋅24-1⋅56, p<0⋅00), respectively.InterpretationOur study provides the global prevalence (16⋅0% [95% CI, 14⋅3%-17⋅8%]) and incidence (203 per 10,000 person-years [95% CI, 106-331]) of knee OA. These findings can be used to better assess the global health burden of knee OA. Further prospective cohort studies are warranted to identify modifiable risk factors for providing effectively preventive strategies in the early stages of the disease.FundingThis work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 81772384 and 81572174).
| S-EPMC7704420 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo determine whether selected metabolic factors are associated with greater amounts of radiographic hand osteoarthritis (OA) incidence and progression.MethodsThe study identified 706 adults, aged 50-69 years, with hand pain and hand radiographs at baseline, from two population-based cohorts. Metabolic factors (body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes) were ascertained at baseline by direct measurement and medical records. Analyses were undertaken following multiple imputation of missing data, and in complete cases (sensitivity analyses). Multivariable regression models estimated associations between metabolic factors and two measures of radiographic change at 7 years for all participants, individuals free of baseline radiographic OA, and in baseline hand OA subsets. Estimates were adjusted for baseline values and other covariates.ResultsThe most consistent and strong associations observed were between the presence of diabetes and the amount of radiographic progression in individuals with nodal OA [adjusted mean differences in Kellgren-Lawrence summed score of 4.50 (-0.26, 9.25)], generalized OA [3.27 (-2.89, 9.42)], and erosive OA [3.05 (-13.56, 19.67)]. The remaining associations were generally weak or inconsistent, although numbers were limited for analyses of incident radiographic OA and erosive OA in particular.ConclusionOverall metabolic risk factors were not independently or collectively associated with greater amounts of radiographic hand OA incidence or progression over 7 years, but diabetes was associated with radiographic progression in nodal, and possibly generalized and erosive OA. Diabetes has previously been associated with prevalent but not incident hand OA. Further investigation in hand OA subsets using objective measures accounting for disease duration and control is warranted.
| S-EPMC6319183 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study investigated the associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and the incidence of osteoporosis using the Korean National Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort.MethodsThis nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study included 237,149 adults aged ≥40 years that did not have a diagnosis of osteoporosis at baseline between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2015. Osteoporosis was defined as claim codes and prescriptions of bisphosphonates or selective estrogen receptor modulators at least twice annually. After matching values for PM10, NO2, CO, and SO2 during the 2002-2015 time period and PM2.5 in 2015 with residential areas, the incidence of osteoporosis was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model according to the quartile of average yearly concentrations of pollutants.ResultsOverall 22.2% of the study subjects, 52,601 (male: 5.6%, female: 37.6%) adults in total, were newly diagnosed with osteoporosis and treated. Exposure to PM10 was positively associated with incidence of osteoporosis (Q4: 1798 per 100,000 person-years vs. Q1: 1655 per 100,000 person-years). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of Q4 in PM10 was 1.034 (1.009-1.062). The effect of PM10 on osteoporosis incidence was distinct in females (adjusted sub-HR: 1.065, 95% CI: 1.003-1.129), subjects aged < 65 years (adjusted sub-HR: 1.040, 95% CI: 1.010-1.072), and for residents in areas with low urbanization (adjusted sub-HR: 1.052, 95% CI: 1.019-1.087). However, there was no increase in osteoporosis based on exposure to NO2, CO, SO2, or PM2.5.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to PM10 was associated with newly diagnosed osteoporosis in Korean adults aged ≥40 years. This finding can aid in policy-making that is directed to control air pollution as a risk factor for bone health.
| S-EPMC8493748 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:We describe temporal trends in the recorded incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in UK primary care patients between 2000 and 2018. DESIGN:A cohort study. SETTING:The IQVIA Medical Research data (IMRD) primary care database. PARTICIPANTS:All individuals registered with general practices contributing to IMRD during the period 01 January 2000-31 December 2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The primary outcome was the recorded diagnosis of IBD. RESULTS:11 325 025 individuals were included and 65 700 IBD cases were identified, of which 22 560 were incident diagnoses made during the study period. Overall, there were 8077 incident cases of Crohn's disease (CD) and 12 369 incident cases of ulcerative colitis (UC). Crude incidence estimates of 'IBD overall', CD and UC were 28.6 (28.2 to 28.9), 10.2 (10.0 to 10.5) and 15.7 (15.4 to 15.9)/100 000 person years, respectively. No change in IBD incidence was observed for adults aged 17-40 years and children aged 0-9 years. However, for adults aged over 40 years, incidence fell from 37.8 (34.5 to 41.4) to 23.6 (21.3 to 26.0)/100 000 person years (average decrease 2.3% (1.9 to 2.7)/year (p<0.0001)). In adolescents aged 10-16 years, incidence rose from 13.1 (8.4 to 19.5) to 25.4 (19.5 to 32.4)/100 000 person years (average increase 3.0% (1.7 to 4.3)/year (p<0.0001)). Point prevalence estimates on 31 December 2018 for IBD overall, CD and UC were 725, 276 and 397 per 100 000 people, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:This is one of the largest studies ever undertaken to investigate trends in IBD epidemiology. Although we observed stable or falling incidence of IBD in adults, our results are consistent with some of the highest reported global incidence and prevalence rates for IBD, with a 94% rise in incidence in adolescents. Further investigation is required to understand the aetiological drivers.
| S-EPMC7371214 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe epidemiological features of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) have seldom been investigated at a national level, particularly in East Asia. The goal of our study is to present the incidence, prevalence, mortality, survival with competing risks, and causes of death of patients with WM.MethodsWe used a national population-based database, operated by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of the Korean government. This data includes information on all WM patients diagnosed according to uniform criteria, between 2003 and 2016.ResultsThe total number of patients newly diagnosed with WM during the study period was 427, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.2:1. The incidence increased from 0.03 to 0.10 per 105 between 2003 and 2016, and the prevalence was 0.42 per 105 in 2016. A total of 217 patients with WM died during the study period (standardized mortality ratio = 7.57), and the overall survival (OS) of WM patients was 47.5%. On multivariate analysis, older age was associated with worse OS (P < 0.0001). WM was the most common cause of death (n = 102, 48.6%), followed by other malignant neoplasms (n = 82, 39.0%).ConclusionsThe national incidence of WM in Korea, a racially homogeneous country in Asia, was lower than that in previous reports from other countries, reflecting ethnic disparities. However, the incidence increased, and mortality was the highest ever reported. The main cause of death was WM in itself. This study reflects the need for greater awareness of WM, particularly in Asian countries.
| S-EPMC7333304 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although numerous population-based studies have reported the prevalences and risk factors for pterygium, information regarding the incidence of pterygium is scarce. This population-based cohort study aimed to evaluate the South Korean incidence and prevalence of pterygium. We retrospectively obtained data from a nationally representative sample of 1,116,364 South Koreans in the Korea National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). The associated sociodemographic factors were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression analysis, and the hazard ratios and confidence intervals were calculated. Pterygium was defined based on the Korean Classification of Diseases code, and surgically removed pterygium was defined as cases that required surgical removal. We identified 21,465 pterygium cases and 8,338 surgically removed pterygium cases during the study period. The overall incidences were 2.1 per 1,000 person-years for pterygium and 0.8 per 1,000 person-years for surgically removed pterygium. Among subjects who were ≥40 years old, the incidences were 4.3 per 1,000 person-years for pterygium and 1.7 per 1,000 person-years for surgically removed pterygium. The overall prevalences were 1.9% for pterygium and 0.6% for surgically removed pterygium, and the prevalences increased to 3.8% for pterygium and 1.4% for surgically removed pterygium among subjects who were ≥40 years old. The incidences of pterygium decreased according to year. The incidence and prevalence of pterygium were highest among 60-79-year-old individuals. Increasing age, female sex, and living in a relatively rural area were associated with increased risks of pterygium and surgically removed pterygium in the multivariable Cox regression analysis. Our analyses of South Korean national insurance claims data revealed a decreasing trend in the incidence of pterygium during the study period.
| S-EPMC5367680 | biostudies-literature