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Tracing Antibiotic Resistance Genes along the Irrigation Water Chain to Chive: Does Tap or Surface Water Make a Difference?

ABSTRACT: Irrigation water is well known as potential source of pathogens in fresh produce. However, its role in transferring antibiotic resistance determinants is less well investigated. Therefore, we analyzed the contribution of surface and tap water to the resistome of overhead-irrigated chive plants. Field-grown chive was irrigated with either surface water (R-system) or tap water (D-system), from planting to harvest. Water along the two irrigation chains as well as the respective plants were repeatedly sampled and screened for 264 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), using high-capacity qPCR. Differentially abundant (DA) ARGs were determined by comparing the two systems. On R-chive, β-lactam ARGs, multidrug-resistance (MDR) determinants, and MGEs were most abundant, while D-chive featured DA ARGs from the vancomycin class. Diversity and number of DA ARGs was the highest on young chives, strongly diminished at harvest, and increased again at the end of shelf life. Most ARGs highly enriched on R- compared to D-chive were also enriched in R- compared to D-sprinkler water, indicating that water played a major role in ARG enrichment. Of note, bla_KPC was detected at high levels in surface water and chive. We conclude that water quality significantly affects the resistome of the irrigated produce.

SUBMITTER: Gekenidis MT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8469318 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The behavior of clogging has a close relationship with the biofilm attached on inner surface of the pipeline in a drip irrigation system using reclaimed water. Therefore, inhibiting biofilm growth is the key to completely addressing the clogging problem. Water shear forces play a vital role in the formation, development and detachment of biofilm. In order to find out the accumulation mechanism of biofilm under different water shear forces, this paper considered 8 different shear forces with a range of [0, 0.7]Pa on the inner surface of pipelines in drip irrigation systems using three kinds of reclaimed water. The results indicate that dry weight (DW), phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of biofilms show a S-type trend, the maximum contents were observed when ? was 0.2?Pa or 0. 35?Pa. Besides, the influence of water shear forces on biofilms is dual. The formation of biofilm is a dynamic stabilization process. When there is a relatively large shear force, it is favorable to the transport and renewal of microorganisms and nutrients. Meantime, the renewal speed of biofilms is also relatively fast. It is easy to form the biofilms with large surface and small thickness due to relatively high possibility of detachment. When the shear force is small, the transport speed of microorganisms and nutrients are limited, and the ability of microorganisms to secrete polysaccharides is reduced, which makes the nutrients needed for microbial growth insufficient and the adhesion between particles is also reduced, resulting in loose, unstable and an easily removed biofilm structure. After a comprehensive consideration of the dual influence, the critical controlling threshold of internal water shear force was obtained as [0, 0.20] ? [0.35, +?] Pa. In addition, the growth model established in this paper can well describe the growth kinetics of attached biofilms, and provide theoretical reference for monitoring the occurrence of bio-clogging process in drip irrigation systems.

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Tracing Antibiotic Resistance Genes along the Irrigation Water Chain to Chive: Does Tap or Surface Water Make a Difference?

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