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Systemic Expression of Genes Involved in the Plant Defense Response Induced by Wounding in Senna tora.

ABSTRACT: Wounds in tissues provide a pathway of entry for pathogenic fungi and bacteria in plants. Plants respond to wounding by regulating the expression of genes involved in their defense mechanisms. To analyze this response, we investigated the defense-related genes induced by wounding in the leaves of Senna tora using RNA sequencing. The genes involved in jasmonate and ethylene biosynthesis were strongly induced by wounding, as were a large number of genes encoding transcription factors such as ERFs, WRKYs, MYBs, bHLHs, and NACs. Wounding induced the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, such as PR-1, chitinase, thaumatin-like protein, cysteine proteinase inhibitor, PR-10, and plant defensin. Furthermore, wounding led to the induction of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and the accumulation of kaempferol and quercetin in S. tora leaves. All these genes were expressed systemically in leaves distant from the wound site. These results demonstrate that mechanical wounding can lead to a systemic defense response in the Caesalpinioideae, a subfamily of the Leguminosae. In addition, a co-expression analysis of genes induced by wounding provides important information about the interactions between genes involved in plant defense responses.

SUBMITTER: Kang JN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8469979 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Senna tora

Project description:Senna tora overview

| PRJNA483820 | ENA

Genome-enabled discovery of anthraquinone biosynthesis in Senna tora.

Project description:Senna tora is a widely used medicinal plant. Its health benefits have been attributed to the large quantity of anthraquinones, but how they are made in plants remains a mystery. To identify the genes responsible for plant anthraquinone biosynthesis, we reveal the genome sequence of S. tora at the chromosome level with 526 Mb (96%) assembled into 13 chromosomes. Comparison among related plant species shows that a chalcone synthase-like (CHS-L) gene family has lineage-specifically and rapidly expanded in S. tora. Combining genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and biochemistry, we identify a CHS-L gene contributing to the biosynthesis of anthraquinones. The S. tora reference genome will accelerate the discovery of biologically active anthraquinone biosynthesis pathways in medicinal plants.

| S-EPMC7674472 | biostudies-literature

Comparative FISH analysis of Senna tora tandem repeats revealed insights into the chromosome dynamics in Senna.

Project description:BackgroundDNA tandem repeats (TRs) are often abundant and occupy discrete regions in eukaryotic genomes. These TRs often cause or generate chromosomal rearrangements, which, in turn, drive chromosome evolution and speciation. Tracing the chromosomal distribution of TRs could therefore provide insights into the chromosome dynamics and speciation among closely related taxa. The basic chromosome number in the genus Senna is 2n = 28, but dysploid species like Senna tora have also been observed.ObjectiveTo understand the dynamics of these TRs and their impact on S. tora dysploidization.MethodsWe performed a comparative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis among nine closely related Senna species and compared the chromosomal distribution of these repeats from a cytotaxonomic perspective by using the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence to infer phylogenetic relationships.ResultsOf the nine S. tora TRs, two did not show any FISH signal whereas seven TRs showed similar and contrasting patterns to other Senna species. StoTR01_86, which was localized in the pericentromeric regions in all S. tora, but not at the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) site, was colocalized at the NOR site in all species except in S. siamea. StoTR02_7_tel was mostly localized at chromosome termini, but some species had an interstitial telomeric repeat in a few chromosomes. StoTR05_180 was distributed in the subtelomeric region in most species and was highly amplified in the pericentromeric region in some species. StoTR06_159 was either absent or colocalized in the NOR site in some species, and StoIGS_463, which was localized at the NOR site in S. tora, was either absent or localized at the subtelomeric or pericentromeric regions in other species.ConclusionsThese data suggest that TRs play important roles in S. tora dysploidy and suggest the involvement of 45S rDNA intergenic spacers in "carrying" repeats during genome reshuffling.

| S-EPMC7966213 | biostudies-literature

Senna tora cultivar:Myeongyun

Project description:Senna tora cultivar:Myeongyun Transcriptome or Gene expression

| PRJNA482167 | ENA

Senna tora cultivar:Myeongyun

Project description:Senna tora Genome Sequencing Project

| PRJNA605066 | ENA

De novo transcriptome sequence of Senna tora provides insights into anthraquinone biosynthesis.

Project description:Senna tora is an annual herb with rich source of anthraquinones that have tremendous pharmacological properties. However, there is little mention of genetic information for this species, especially regarding the biosynthetic pathways of anthraquinones. To understand the key genes and regulatory mechanism of anthraquinone biosynthesis pathways, we performed spatial and temporal transcriptome sequencing of S. tora using short RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) technologies, and generated two unigene sets composed of 118,635 and 39,364, respectively. A comprehensive functional annotation and classification with multiple public databases identified array of genes involved in major secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways and important transcription factor (TF) families (MYB, MYB-related, AP2/ERF, C2C2-YABBY, and bHLH). Differential expression analysis indicated that the expression level of genes involved in anthraquinone biosynthetic pathway regulates differently depending on the degree of tissues and seeds development. Furthermore, we identified that the amount of anthraquinone compounds were greater in late seeds than early ones. In conclusion, these results provide a rich resource for understanding the anthraquinone metabolism in S. tora.

| S-EPMC7205477 | biostudies-literature

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of <i>Senna tora</i> and phylogenetic analysis.

Project description:The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Senna tora was characterized from Illumina pair-end sequencing. The chloroplast genome of S. tora was 161,050 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region (LSC) of 90,411 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 18,537 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,050 bp. The overall GC content is 36.20%, while the correponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 64.5%, 69.4%, and 60.2%, respectively. The genome contains 129 complete genes, including 8 rRNAs, 37 tRNAs and 84 protein coding genes. The Neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis showed that S. tora and S. bicapsularis clustered together as sisters to other Senna species.

| S-EPMC7782056 | biostudies-literature

MicroR408 regulates defense response upon wounding in sweet potato.

Project description:MiRNAs play diverse roles in plant development and defense responses by binding to their mRNA targets based on sequence complementarity. Here, we investigated a wound-related miR408 and its target genes in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) by small RNA deep sequencing and transcriptome analysis. The expression patterns of miR408 and the miR408 precursor were significantly repressed by wounding and jasmonate (JA). In contrast, expression of the putative target genes IbKCS (3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 4), IbPCL (plantacyanin), and IbGAUT (galacturonosyltransferase 7-like) of miR408 was increased following wounding, whereas only IbKCS was increased after JA treatment. Target cleavage site mapping and Agrobacterium-mediated transient assay demonstrated that IbKCS, IbPCL, and IbGAUT were the targets of miR408. The expression of miR408 target genes was repressed in transgenic sweet potatoes overexpressing miR408. These data indicated a relationship between miR408 and its target genes. Notably, miR408-overexpressing plants showed a semi-dwarf phenotype and attenuated resistance to insect feeding, while transgenic plants overexpressing IbKCS exhibited more insect resistance than plants overexpressing only the empty vector. Collectively, sweet potato reduces the abundance of miR408 upon wounding to elevate the expression of IbKCS, IbPCL, and IbGAUT. The expression of IbKCS enhances the defense system against herbivore wounding.

| S-EPMC6322576 | biostudies-literature

Senna tora cultivar:JM-01

Project description:Senna tora cultivar:JM-01 Genome sequencing

| PRJNA673742 | ENA

Proteomic Analysis of MeJa-Induced Defense Responses in Rice against Wounding.

Project description:The role of jasmonates in defense priming has been widely recognized. Priming is a physiological process by which a plant exposed to low doses of biotic or abiotic elicitors activates faster and/or stronger defense responses when subsequently challenged by a stress. In this work, we investigated the impact of MeJA-induced defense responses to mechanical wounding in rice (Oryza sativa). The proteome reprogramming of plants treated with MeJA, wounding or MeJA+wounding has been in-depth analyzed by using a combination of high throughput profiling techniques and bioinformatics tools. Gene Ontology analysis identified protein classes as defense/immunity proteins, hydrolases and oxidoreductases differentially enriched by the three treatments, although with different amplitude. Remarkably, proteins involved in photosynthesis or oxidative stress were significantly affected upon wounding in MeJA-primed plants. Although these identified proteins had been previously shown to play a role in defense responses, our study revealed that they are specifically associated with MeJA-priming. Additionally, we also showed that at the phenotypic level MeJA protects plants from oxidative stress and photosynthetic damage induced by wounding. Taken together, our results add novel insight into the molecular actors and physiological mechanisms orchestrated by MeJA in enhancing rice plants defenses after wounding.

| S-EPMC6567145 | biostudies-literature

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