The Effect of Dietary Protein Imbalance during Pregnancy on the Growth, Metabolism and Circulatory Metabolome of Neonatal and Weaned Juvenile Porcine Offspring.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Sciascia QL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8471113 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:microRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved non-coding small nucleotide molecules found in nearly all species and breastmilk. miRNAs present in breastmilk are very stable to freeze-thaw, RNase treatment, and low pH as they are protected inside exosomes. They are involved in regulating several physiologic and pathologic processes, including immunologic pathways, and we have demonstrated better immune response to vaccines in piglets fed with human milk (HM) in comparison to dairy-based formula (MF). To understand if neonatal diet impacts circulatory miRNA expression, serum miRNA expression was evaluated in piglets fed HM or MF while on their neonatal diet at postnatal day (PND) 21 and post-weaning to solid diet at PND 35 and 51. MF fed piglets showed increased expression of 14 miRNAs and decreased expression of 10 miRNAs, relative to HM fed piglets at PND 21. At PND 35, 9 miRNAs were downregulated in the MF compared to the HM group. At PND 51, 10 miRNAs were decreased and 17 were increased in the MF relative to HM suggesting the persistent effect of neonatal diet. miR-148 and miR-181 were decreased in MF compared to HM at PND 21. Let-7 was decreased at PND 35 while miR-199a and miR-199b were increased at PND 51 in MF compared to HM. Pathway analysis suggested that many of the miRNAs are involved in immune function. In conclusion, we observed differential expression of blood miRNAs at both PND 21 and PND 51. miRNA found in breastmilk were decreased in the serum of the MF group, suggesting that diet impacts circulating miRNA profiles at PND 21. The miRNAs continue to be altered at PND 51 suggesting a persistent effect of the neonatal diet. The sources of miRNAs in circulation need to be evaluated, as the piglets were fed the same solid diet leading up to PND 51 collections. In conclusion, the HM diet appears to have an immediate and persistent effect on the miRNA profile and likely regulates the pathways that impact the immune system and pose benefits to breastfed infants.
| S-EPMC7324749 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There are few studies on the mechanism of redox status imbalance and intestinal dysfunction in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) newborn piglets. Here, we investigated the mechanism of jejunum dysfunction in weaned piglets with IUGR and the mechanism through which dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na) supplementation improving the imbalance of their redox status. In this work, a total of 10 normal birth weight (NBW) newborn piglets and 20 IUGR newborn piglets were obtained. After weaning at 21 d, they were assigned to 3 groups (n = 10/group): NBW weaned piglets fed standard basal diets (NBWC); one IUGR weaned piglets fed standard basal diets (IUGRC); another IUGR weaned piglets from the same litter fed standard basal diets plus 0.1% DMG-Na (IUGRD). The piglets in these 3 groups were sacrificed at 49 d of age, and the blood and jejunum samples were collected immediately. The growth performance values in the IUGRC group were lower (P < 0.05) than those in the NBWC group. Jejunum histomorphological parameters, inflammatory cytokines, and digestive enzyme activity as well as serum immunoglobulin were lower (P < 0.05) in the IUGRC group than those in the NBWC group. Compared with these in the NBWC group, the redox status of serum, jejunum, and mitochondria and the expression levels of jejunum redox status-related, cell adhesion-related, and mitochondrial function-related genes and proteins were suppressed in the IUGRC group (P < 0.05). However, compared with those in the IUGRC group, the growth performance values, jejunum histomorphological parameters, inflammatory cytokines, digestive enzyme activity, serum immunoglobulin, redox status of serum, jejunum, and mitochondria, and the expression levels of jejunum redox status-related, cell adhesion-related, and mitochondrial function-related genes and proteins were improved (P < 0.05) in the IUGRD group. In conclusion, dietary DMG-Na supplementation alleviates redox status imbalance and intestinal dysfunction in IUGR weaned piglets mainly by activating the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α (PGC1α) pathway, thereby improving their unfavorable body state.
| S-EPMC9207221 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was identified in the United States (U.S.) swine population for the first time in April 2013 and rapidly spread nationwide. However, no information has been published regarding the minimum infectious dose (MID) of PEDV in different pig models. The main objective of this study was to determine the oral minimum infectious dose of PEDV in naïve conventional neonatal piglets and weaned pigs. A U.S. virulent PEDV prototype isolate (USA/IN19338/2013) with known infectious titer was serially ten-fold diluted in virus-negative cell culture medium. Dilutions with theoretical infectious titers from 560 to 0.0056 TCID50/ml together with a medium control were orogastrically inoculated (10ml/pig) into 7 groups of 5-day-old neonatal pigs (n = 4 per group) and 7 groups of 21-day-old weaned pigs (n = 6 per group). In 5-day-old pigs, 10ml of inoculum having titers 560-0.056 TCID50/ml, corresponding to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) values 24.2-37.6, resulted in 100% infection in each group; 10ml of inoculum with titer 0.0056 TCID50/ml (Ct>45) caused infection in 25% of the inoculated pigs. In 21-day-old pigs, 10ml of inoculum with titers 560-5.6 TCID50/ml (Ct 24.2-31.4) resulted in 100% infection in each group while 10ml of inoculum with titers 0.56-0.0056 TCID50/ml (Ct values 35.3 ->45) did not establish infection in any pigs under study conditions as determined by clinical signs, PCR, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and antibody response. These data reveal that PEDV infectious dose is age-dependent with a significantly lower MID for neonatal pigs compared to weaned pigs. This information should be taken into consideration when interpreting clinical relevance of PEDV PCR results and when designing a PEDV bioassay model. The observation of such a low MID in neonates also emphasizes the importance of strict biosecurity and thorough cleaning/disinfection on sow farms.
| S-EPMC4594914 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Consistent evidence of an influence of maternal dietary intake during pregnancy on infant body size and composition in human populations is lacking, despite robust evidence in animal models. OBJECTIVE:We sought to evaluate the influence of maternal macronutrient intake and balance during pregnancy on neonatal body size and composition, including fat mass and fat-free mass. STUDY DESIGN:The analysis was conducted among 1040 mother-offspring pairs enrolled in the prospective prebirth observational cohort: the Healthy Start Study. Diet during pregnancy was collected using repeated 24-hour dietary recalls (up to 8). Direct measures of body composition were obtained using air displacement plethysmography. The National Cancer Institute measurement error model was used to estimate usual dietary intake during pregnancy. Multivariable partition (nonisocaloric) and nutrient density (isocaloric) linear regression models were used to test the associations between maternal dietary intake and neonatal body composition. RESULTS:The median macronutrient composition during pregnancy was 32.2% from fat, 15.0% from protein, and 47.8% from carbohydrates. In the partition multivariate regression model, individual macronutrient intake values were not associated with birthweight or fat-free mass, but were associated with fat mass. Respectively, 418 kJ increases in total fat, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and total carbohydrates were associated with 4.2-g (P = .03), 11.1-g (P = .003), 5.9-g (P = .04), and 2.9-g (P = .02) increases in neonatal fat mass, independent of prepregnancy body mass index. In the nutrient density multivariate regression model, macronutrient balance was not associated with fat mass, fat-free mass, or birthweight after adjustment for prepregnancy body mass index. CONCLUSION:Neonatal adiposity, but not birthweight, is independently associated with increased maternal intake of total fat, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and total carbohydrates, but not protein, suggesting that most forms of increased caloric intake contribute to fetal fat accretion.
| S-EPMC5571832 | biostudies-literature
Project description:(1) Background: Pregnancy outcomes for both mother and child are affected by many environmental factors. The importance of pregnancy for 'early life programming' is well established and maternal nutrition is an important factor contributing to a favourable environment for developing offspring. We aim to assess whether following a Mediterranean Diet during pregnancy is beneficial for maternal and offspring outcomes; (2) Methods: a systematic review was performed using standardized reporting guidelines with the National Heart Lung and Blood Iinstitute quality assessment tool for selection and extraction; (3) Results: results show that being on a Mediterranean Diet during pregnancy is associated with favourable outcomes for both maternal and offspring health, particularly for gestational diabetes in mothers and congenital defects in offspring (4) Conclusions: Following a Mediterranean dietary pattern during gestation is beneficial for the health of both the mother and offspring. Pregnant women and those trying to conceive should be advised to follow a Mediterranean Diet to potentially decrease, for example, the likelihood of atopy (OR 0.55) in the offspring and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the mother (OR 0.73).
| S-EPMC6566342 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMaternal dietary habits are contributors of maternal and fetal health; however, available data are heterogeneous and not conclusive.MethodsNutrient intake during pregnancy was assessed in 503 women with uncomplicated pregnancies, using the validated Food Frequency Questionnaire developed by the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-FFQ).ResultsIn all, 68% of women had a normal body mass index at the beginning of pregnancy, and 83% of newborns had an appropriate weight for gestational age. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and placental weight were independently correlated with birth weight. GWG was not related to the pre-pregnancy BMI. EPIC-FFQ evaluation showed that 30% of women adhered to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) ranges for macronutrient intake. In most pregnant women (98.1%), consumption of water was below recommendations. Comparing women with intakes within EFSA ranges for macronutrients with those who did not, no differences were found in BMI, GWG, and neonatal or placental weight. Neither maternal nor neonatal parameters were associated with the maternal dietary profiles.ConclusionsIn our population, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, and placental weight are determinants of birth weight percentile, while no association was found with maternal nutrition. Future studies should explore associations through all infancy.ImpactMaternal anthropometrics and nutrition status may affect offspring birth weight. In 503 healthy women, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and placental weight were independently correlated to neonatal birth weight. GWG was not related to the pre-pregnancy BMI. In all, 30% of women respected the EFSA ranges for macronutrients. Neither maternal nor neonatal parameters were associated with maternal dietary profiles considered in this study. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, and placental weight are determinants of neonatal birth weight percentile, while a connection with maternal nutrition profiles was not found.
| S-EPMC9270222 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectivesLarge shares of pregnant Muslims worldwide observe the Ramadan fast. Previous research showed that Ramadan during pregnancy is associated with adverse offspring health outcomes lasting throughout the life-course. Evidence on effects on birth outcomes is inconclusive, however, and previous research did not consider the role of dietary composition and sleep patterns during Ramadan. This study systematically documents maternal lifestyle during Ramadan and assesses if diet and sleep adaptations to Ramadan, independent of and in addition to maternal fasting, are associated with neonatal health outcomes.MethodsThis study reports a survey of 326 Muslims who delivered their baby in Mainz, Germany, linked to maternal & infant hospital records. Participants reported on fasting, dietary composition and sleep schedules while pregnant during Ramadan.ResultsFasting during pregnancy was associated with reduced birthweight, in particular for fasting during the first trimester (-352ˑ92g, 95% CI: -537ˑ38; -168ˑ46). Neither dietary composition nor altered sleep were directly associated with birthweight. However, dietary composition during Ramadan outside of fasting hours seems to moderate the fasting-birthweight association, which disappeared for women switching to high-fat diets.ConclusionsThe finding that dietary intake during Ramadan potentially moderates the fasting-birthweight association is of high relevance to pregnant Muslims who wish to fast and their healthcare professionals, since dietary choices outside of fasting hours are often relatively easily modifiable. This is the first study to include information on maternal diet and sleep during Ramadan, and additional research is needed to assess the roles of specific (macro)nutrients and food groups.
| S-EPMC9931121 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Reproductive performance of female pigs that do not receive sufficient colostrum from birth is permanently impaired. Whether lactocrine deficiency, reflected by low serum immunoglobulin immunocrit (iCrit), affects patterns of endometrial gene expression during the periattachment period of early pregnancy is unknown. Here, objectives were to determine effects of low iCrit at birth on the adult endometrial transcriptome on pregnancy day (PxD) 13. On the first day of postnatal life, gilts were assigned to high or low iCrit groups. Adult high (n = 8) and low (n = 7) iCrit gilts were bred (PxD 0), humanely slaughtered on PxD 13 when tissues and fluids were collected. The endometrial transcriptome was defined for each group using mRNAseq and microRNAseq. Reads were mapped to the Sus scrofa 11.1 genome build. Mature microRNAs were annotated using miRBase 21. Differential expression was defined based on fold change (≥ ± 1.5). Lactocrine deficiency did not affect corpora lutea number, uterine horn length, uterine wet weight, conceptus recovery, or uterine luminal fluid estrogen content on PxD 13. However, mRNAseq revealed 1157 differentially expressed endometrial mRNAs in high versus low iCrit gilts. Differentially expressed genes had functions related to solute transport, endometrial receptivity, and immune response. Six differentially expressed endometrial microRNAs included five predicted to target 62 differentially expressed mRNAs, affecting similar biological processes. Thus, lactocrine deficiency on the first day of postnatal life can alter uterine developmental trajectory with lasting effects on endometrial responses to pregnancy as reflected at the level of the transcriptome on PxD 13.
2018-08-20 | GSE113518 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundExposure to high maternal adiposity in utero is a significant risk factor for the later-life development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have previously shown that high pre-pregnancy adiposity programs adipose tissue dysfunction in the offspring, leading to spillover of fatty acids into the circulation, a key pathogenic event in obesity-associated MetS. Herein, we hypothesized that programming of adipose tissue dysfunction in offspring born to overweight dams increases the risk for developing NAFLD.ResultsFemales heterozygous for leptin receptor deficiency (Hetdb) were used as a model of high pre-pregnancy adiposity. Female wild-type (Wt) offspring born to Hetdb pregnancies gained significantly more body fat following high-fat/fructose diet (HFFD) compared with Wt offspring born to Wt dams. HFFD increased circulating free fatty acids (FFA) in male offspring of control dams, while FFA levels were similar in HFFD-fed offspring from Wt dams and CD or HFFD-fed Wt offspring from Hetdb dams. Despite female-specific protection from diet-induced FFA spillover, both male and female offspring from Hetdb dams were more susceptible to diet-induced hepatosteatosis. Lipidomic analysis revealed that CD-offspring of overweight dams had decreased hepatic polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) levels compared with control offspring. Changes to saturated FA (SFA) and the de novo lipogenic (DNL) index were diet driven; however, there was a significant effect of the intrauterine environment on FA elongation and Δ9 desaturase activity.ConclusionHigh maternal adiposity during pregnancy programs a susceptibility to diet-induced hepatosteatosis.
| S-EPMC10550783 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) has been regarded as a safe probiotic strain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary LGG supplementation could alleviate diarrhea via improving jejunal mucosal barrier function in the weaned piglets challenged by RV, and further analyze the potential roles for apoptosis of jejunal mucosal cells and intestinal microbiota. A total of 24 crossbred barrows weaned at 21 d of age were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 diets: the basal diet and LGG supplementing diet. On day 11, all pigs were orally infused RV or the sterile essential medium. RV infusion increased the diarrhea rate, increased the RV-Ab, NSP4 and IL-2 concentrations and the Bax mRNA levels of jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), decreased the villus height, villus height: crypt depth, the sIgA, IL-4 and mucin 1 concentrations and the ZO-1, occludin and Bcl-2 mRNA levels of jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), and affected the microbiota of ileum and cecum (P<0.05) in the weaned pigs. Dietary LGG supplementation increased the villus height and villus height: crypt depth, the sIgA, IL-4, mucin 1 and mucin 2 concentrations, and the ZO-1, occludin and Bcl-2 mRNA levels of the jejunal mucosa (P<0.05) reduced the Bax mRNA levels of the jejunal mucosa (P<0.05) in weaned pigs. Furthermore, dietary LGG supplementation alleviated the increase of diarrhea rate in the weaned pigs challenged by RV (P<0.05), and relieve the effect of RV infection on the villus height, crypt depth and the villus height: crypt depth of the jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), the NSP4, sIgA, IL-2, IL-4, mucin 1 and mucin 2 concentrations of jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), the ZO-1, occludin, Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA levels of the jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), and the microbiota of ileum and cecum (P<0.05) in the weaned pigs challenged by RV. These results suggest that supplementing LGG in diets alleviated the diarrhea of weaned piglets challenged by RV via inhibiting the virus multiplication and improving the jejunal mucosal barrier function, which was possibly due to the decreasing apoptosis of jejunal mucosal cells and the improvement of intestinal microbiota.
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