Organizing and Analyzing Data from the SHARE Study with an Application to Age and Sex Differences in Depressive Symptoms.
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SUBMITTER: Lusa L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8471350 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundLongitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and blood pressure have been inconsistent. Most studies have examined incident hypertension as an outcome, and few have examined effect modification.MethodsThis study examined moderating influences of sex and age on coincident trajectories of depressive symptoms and blood pressure among 2,087 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (aged 19-97 years; 53% men; 74% white). Participants underwent clinical blood pressure measurement and completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale on up to 14 occasions (mean = 3.8; SD = 2.6) over up to 29 years (mean = 7.8; SD = 6.4). CES-D was log-transformed (CES-D(log)) for analyses.ResultsMixed-effects regression revealed that prospective relations of CES-D(log) to diastolic blood pressure differed by age in women (b = 0.095; P = 0.001) but not men; greater CES-D(log) attenuated the expected age-related decline in diastolic blood pressure. Across all testing sessions, greater CES-D(log) was associated significantly with higher average systolic blood pressure for women (b = 2.238; P = 0.006) but not men. Age-stratified analyses showed that greater CES-D(log) was associated significantly with higher average systolic (b = 3.348; P = 0.02) and diastolic (b = 1.730; P < 0.03) blood pressure for older adults (?58.8 years at first visit). In the younger age cohort, sex moderated the relation of CES-D(log) to systolic blood pressure (b = -3.563; P = 0.007); greater CES-D(log) in women, but lesser CES-D(log) in men, was associated with higher systolic blood pressure.ConclusionsResults demonstrate sex and age differences in the relation between depressive symptoms and blood pressure. Findings suggest the potential importance of preventing, detecting, and lowering depressive symptoms to prevent hypertension among women and older adults.
| S-EPMC3816627 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The NHANES study contains objectively measured physical activity data collected using hip-worn accelerometers from multiple cohorts. However, using the accelerometry data has proven daunting because: 1) currently, there are no agreed upon standard protocols for data storage and analysis; 2) data exhibit heterogeneous patterns of missingness due to varying degrees of adherence to wear-time protocols; 3) sampling weights need to be carefully adjusted and accounted for in individual analyses; 4) there is a lack of reproducible software that transforms the data from its published format into analytic form; and 5) the high dimensional nature of accelerometry data complicates analyses. Here, we provide a framework for processing, storing, and analyzing the NHANES accelerometry data for the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 surveys. We also provide an NHANES data package in R, to help disseminate high quality, processed activity data combined with mortality and demographic information. Thus, we provide the tools to transition from "available data online" to "easily accessible and usable data", which substantially reduces the large upfront costs of initiating studies of association between physical activity and human health outcomes using NHANES. We apply these tools in an analysis showing that accelerometry features have the potential to predict 5-year all cause mortality better than known risk factors such as age, cigarette smoking, and various comorbidities.
| S-EPMC7012355 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSeveral studies tested whether stressful work mediates the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and health. Although providing moderate support, evidence is still inconclusive, partly due to a lack of theory-based measures of SEP and work stress, and because of methodological limitations. This contribution aims at overcoming these limitations.MethodsWe conduct pathway analysis and investigate indirect effects of SEP on mental health via stressful work. Data are derived from the first two waves of the 'Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe' (SHARE) with information from employed men and women aged 50-64 across 11 European countries (N=2798). SEP is measured according to two alternative measures of occupational position: occupational class (focus on employment relations) and occupational status (focus on prestige). We assess work stress according to the effort-reward imbalance and the demand-control model (wave 1), and we use newly occurring depressive symptoms as health outcome (wave 2).ResultsEffort-reward imbalance and, less consistently, low control mediate the effect of occupational class and occupational status on depressive symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings point to two important aspects of work stress (effort-reward imbalance and low control) in explaining socioeconomic differences in health. Further, we illustrate the significance of two alternative dimensions of occupational position, occupational class and occupational status.
| S-EPMC4413688 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIdentification of sex- and age-related differences in the presentation of atypical symptoms at stroke onset may reduce prehospital delay and improve stroke treatment if acknowledged at first contact.AimTo explore sex- and age-related differences in patient-reported typical and atypical symptoms of a stroke.MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional survey at two non-comprehensive stroke units in the Capital Region of Denmark. Patient-reported symptoms, stroke knowledge, and behavioral response were analyzed by the Chi-square test or a Fisher's exact test separated by sex. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for covariates were used to explore sex- and age-related differences according to each patient-reported typical or atypical symptoms.ResultsIn total, 479 patients with acute stroke were included (median age 74 years [25th to 75th percentile: 64-80], and 40.1% were women). Female sex was associated with higher odds of presenting with atypical symptoms, such as loss of consciousness (OR 2.12 [95% CI 1.08-4.18]) and nausea/vomiting (OR 2.33 [95% CI 1.24-4.37]), and lower odds of presenting with lower extremity paresis (OR 0.59 [95% CI 0.39-0.89). With each year of age, the odds decreased of presenting with sensory changes (OR 0.95 [95% CI 0.94-0.97]) and upper extremity paresis (OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.96-0.99]), whereas odds of presenting with dysphagia (OR 1.06 [95% CI 1.02-1.11]) increased.ConclusionsPatients of female sex and younger age reported on admission more frequently atypical stroke symptoms. Attention should be drawn to this possible atypical first presentation to facilitate correct identification and early stroke revascularization treatment to improve the outcome for both sexes.
| S-EPMC8978710 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Numerous factors influence late-life depressive symptoms in adults, many not thoroughly characterized. We addressed whether genetic and environmental influences on depressive symptoms differed by age, sex, and physical illness. METHOD:The analysis sample included 24 436 twins aged 40-90 years drawn from the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) Consortium. Biometric analyses tested age, sex, and physical illness moderation of genetic and environmental variance in depressive symptoms. RESULTS:Women reported greater depressive symptoms than men. After age 60, there was an accelerating increase in depressive symptom scores with age, but this did not appreciably affect genetic and environmental variances. Overlap in genetic influences between physical illness and depressive symptoms was greater in men than in women. Additionally, in men extent of overlap was greater with worse physical illness (the genetic correlation ranged from near 0.00 for the least physical illness to nearly 0.60 with physical illness 2 s.d. above the mean). For men and women, the same environmental factors that influenced depressive symptoms also influenced physical illness. CONCLUSIONS:Findings suggested that genetic factors play a larger part in the association between depressive symptoms and physical illness for men than for women. For both sexes, across all ages, physical illness may similarly trigger social and health limitations that contribute to depressive symptoms.
| S-EPMC5706656 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThere has been mixed evidence about whether major depression predicts drinking onset. Empirical evidence about whether the heterogeneity of major depressive symptoms differentially predicts drinking onset is scarce, and potential sex- and age-variations have not been fully studied. In this study, we estimate sex- and age-specific relationships linking (a) depressed mood and/or anhedonia with drinking onset among all 'at-risk' individuals and (b) three latent depressive constructs, manifested by 13 clinical features, with drinking onset among individuals with depressed mood and/or anhedonia.MethodsStudy population was non-institutionalized civilian residents 12 years of age and older living in the United States. Major depressive symptoms and drinking onset were assessed via audio-computer-assisted self-interviews. Logistic regressions and structural equation modeling were used for analysis.ResultsAmong all 'at risk' individuals, depressed mood or anhedonia strongly predicted early-adolescent drinking onset, whereas they did not predict at-age drinking onset. Among individuals with depressed mood or anhedonia, a 3-factor model provided a good fit to the data for all sex- and age-subgroups. With the exception of early-adolescent boys, neurovegetative symptoms and suicide-related symptoms tended to positively predict underage drinking onset, whereas Low mood or energy tended to inversely predict underage drinking onset; limited evidence was found for at-age and post-21 drinking onset.LimitationsThe observational nature precludes causal inference. Few people initiated alcohol drinking later than 21 years of age, which resulted in less precise estimates.ConclusionsStrengths and directions of major depressive symptoms predicting drinking onset vary across age, sex, and depressive symptoms.
| S-EPMC7103543 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo gain insight into the relations between protective/risk family interactions and depressive symptoms in adolescent boys and girls.MethodA self-reported cross-sectional survey was conducted on a representative sample of 1191 secondary school students (617 girls and 574 boys) aged from 14 to 19 years, with a median of 16, from all secondary schools in the Primorsko-goranska County, Croatia in January and February 2010. Students reported their depressive symptoms, perceptions about the relationship with their mother and father, family activities, and parents' conflict resolution strategies. Data were analyzed by hierarchical multiple regression to calculate the effects of family supportive and harmful interactions on depressive symptoms in girls and boys.ResultsDepressive symptoms were reported often and very often by 19.1% of girls and 15.8% of boys. Girls' assessment of the family relations was significantly more positive than boys', including the assessment of family activities, constructive family conflict resolution, or father's and mother's warmth and affection. Multiple correlation analysis revealed that the examined family variables accounted for 16.3% of the variance of depressive symptoms in boys and for 17.2% in girls. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed a difference in the relation of family variables and depressive symptoms between boys and girls. Depressive symptoms in girls were more linked to the lack of protective family factors (9.9% of the explained variance in girls vs. 5.5% in boys), while depressive symptoms in boys were more linked to the existence of harmful family factors (10.8% of the explained variance in boys vs.7.3% in girls).ConclusionFamily activities and the father's warmth and affection have a higher significance for girls than for boys, while destructive parental conflict and the mother's aggression and hostility are equally significant for both girls and boys. These results indicate the targets for family-based preventive and intervention programs for depression in adolescents.
| S-EPMC3160708 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The transcriptomes of young male and (in estrus) female hypothalami were profiled and compared to learn about the sex dichotomy of the cytoskeletal genomic fabric(CGF), defined as the most inter-coordinately and stably expressed gene web whose encoding proteins form the intracellular scaffolding. RNA samples collected from hypothalami of 4 young rat males and 4 (in estrus) females were hybridized with Agilent rat (4x44k 60 mer features, 4 microarrays per slide) gene expression chips. Novel analytical tools were used to reveal hidden features of the cytoskeletal transcriptome
2012-06-04 | E-GEOD-38450 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:OBJECTIVEThe relationship between depressive symptoms and subsequent cognitive impairment in older adults is controversial. Sex differences and the differences in the method of categorizing depressive symptoms may contribute to the inconsistencies. The authors examined the effect of severity of baseline depressive symptoms on risk of incident amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) separately in men and women.METHODSCommunity-dwelling and cognitively healthy older adults (aged???70 years) from the Einstein Aging Study completed the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) at their baseline visit. Participants were categorized into "no/low symptoms" (GDS-15 score?=?0-2), "mild symptoms" (GDS-15 score?=?3-5), and "moderate/severe symptoms" (GDS-15 score?>?6) groups. Sex-stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, education, and antidepressant medication, estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident aMCI as a function of depressive symptoms group.RESULTSWe followed 572 women (mean age: 78) and 345 men (mean age: 77) for 4.2 years on average (range: 1.0-14.6 years). Ninety women and 64 men developed aMCI during follow-up. Cox models revealed that compared with no/low depressive symptoms, mild symptoms were associated with a two times greater risk of developing aMCI in men (HR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.26-3.89) but not in women (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.77-2.06). Conversely, moderate/severe depressive symptoms were associated with a two times greater risk of developing aMCI in women (HR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.05-3.77) but not in men (HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.04-2.11), possibly because of low statistical power in this subgroup.CONCLUSIONResults indicate that mild depressive symptoms in men and moderate/severe symptoms in women may represent a marker for future cognitive impairment.
| S-EPMC5215465 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background The association of depressive symptoms with health status in peripheral artery disease (PAD) is understudied. No reports of differential impact on women have been described. Methods and Results The PORTRAIT (Patient-Centered Outcomes Related to Treatment Practices in Peripheral Artery Disease Investigating Trajectories) registry enrolled 1243 patients from vascular specialty clinics with new or worsening PAD symptoms. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and 3 months using the 8-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (score ≥10 indicating clinically relevant depressive symptoms). Disease-specific and generic health status were measured by Peripheral Artery Questionnaire and EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months. An adjusted general linear model for repeated measures was constructed for baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-month health status outcomes by depressive symptoms at baseline. Differences by sex were tested with interaction effects. The mean age was 67.6±9.4 years with 38% (n=470) women. More women than men (21.1% versus 12.9%; P<0.001) presented with severe depressive symptoms. In the adjusted model, patients with depressive symptoms had worse health status at each time point (all P<0.0001). Results were similar for EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale scores. The magnitude in 1-year change in health status scores did not differ by sex. Depressive symptoms explained 19% of the association between sex differences in 1-year Peripheral Artery Questionnaire summary scores. Conclusions Women with PAD have a high burden of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were associated with a strikingly worse disease-specific health status recovery path over the year following PAD diagnosis in men and women. Developing and testing interventions to address depressive symptoms in PAD are urgently needed. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01419080.
| S-EPMC7660812 | biostudies-literature