The Gut Microbiota during a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Stanislawski MA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8471894 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundSubstantial interindividual variability in response to behavioral weight loss interventions remains a critical challenge in obesity treatment. An improved understanding of the complex factors that contribute to this variability may improve obesity treatment outcomes.ObjectiveTo identify weight change trajectories during a behavioral weight loss intervention and to explore differences between trajectory groups in sociodemographic, biologic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors.MethodsAdults (n = 170, 40 ± 9 years, BMI 34 ± 4 kg/m2, 84% female) participated in an 18-month behavioral weight loss intervention. Weight was measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 months. Among participants with at least two weights after baseline (n = 140), clusters of longitudinal trajectories of changes in weight were identified using a latent class growth mixture model. The association between baseline factors or changes in factors over time and trajectory group was examined.ResultsTwo weight change trajectories were identified: "weight regainers" (n = 91) and "weight loss maintainers" (n = 49). Black participants (90%, 19/21) were more likely than non-Black participants to be regainers versus maintainers (p < 0.01). Maintainers demonstrated greater increases in device-measured physical activity, autonomous motivation for exercise, diet self-efficacy, cognitive restraint, and engagement in weight management behaviors and greater reductions in barriers for exercise, disinhibition, and depressive symptoms over 24 months versus regainers (p < 0.05).ConclusionMaintainers and regainers appear to be distinct trajectories that are associated with specific sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. Study results suggest potential targets for more tailored, multifaceted interventions to improve obesity treatment outcomes.
| S-EPMC8488452 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveIdentifying predictors of weight loss and clinical outcomes may increase understanding of individual variability in weight loss response. We hypothesized that baseline multiomic features, including DNA methylation (DNAme), metabolomics, and gut microbiome, would be predictive of short-term changes in body weight and other clinical outcomes within a comprehensive weight loss intervention.MethodsHealthy adults with overweight or obesity (n = 62, age 18-55 years, BMI 27-45 kg/m2 , 75.8% female) participated in a 1-year behavioral weight loss intervention. To identify baseline omic predictors of changes in clinical outcomes at 3 and 6 months, whole-blood DNAme, plasma metabolites, and gut microbial genera were analyzed.ResultsA network of multiomic relationships informed predictive models for 10 clinical outcomes (body weight, waist circumference, fat mass, hemoglobin A1c , homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, leptin, and ghrelin) that changed significantly (P < 0.05). For eight of these, adjusted R2 ranged from 0.34 to 0.78. Our models identified specific DNAme sites, gut microbes, and metabolites that were predictive of variability in weight loss, waist circumference, and circulating triglycerides and that are biologically relevant to obesity and metabolic pathways.ConclusionsThese data support the feasibility of using baseline multiomic features to provide insight for precision nutrition-based weight loss interventions.
| S-EPMC8085074 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Emerging evidence suggests that attributing one's weight to genetics may contribute to the adoption of obesogenic behaviors. We investigated whether weight-related genetic attributions were associated with weight change during a weight gain prevention intervention.Participants (n = 185) were from a randomized clinical trial of a digital health weight gain prevention intervention for black women ages 25-44 years with body mass index 25.0-34.9?kg/m(2). Weight-related genetic attributions (weight status attribution and weight loss attributions) were measured at baseline and 12 months.Among intervention participants, high genetic attribution for weight loss was associated with greater weight loss at 12 months (-2.7 vs. 0.5?kg) and 18 months (-3.0 vs. 0.9?kg). Among usual-care participants, high genetic attribution for weight status was associated with greater 18-month weight gain (2.9 vs. 0.3?kg). The intervention reduced the likelihood of high genetic attribution for weight loss at 12 months (P = 0.05). Change in the likelihood of genetic attribution was not associated with weight change over 12 months.Impact of genetic attributions on weight differs for those enrolled and not enrolled in an intervention. However, weight gain prevention intervention may reduce genetic attribution for weight loss.Genet Med 18 5, 476-482.
| S-EPMC4761333 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPrior research on the relationship between sleep and attempted weight loss failed to recognize the multidimensional nature of sleep. We examined the relationship between a composite measure of sleep health and change in weight and body composition among adults in a weight loss intervention.MethodsAdults (N = 125) with overweight or obesity (50.3 ± 10.6 years, 91% female, 81% white) participated in a 12-month behavioral weight loss intervention, with assessments of sleep, weight, fat mass, and fat-free mass at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Six sleep dimensions (regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration) were categorized as "good" or "poor" using questionnaires and actigraphy. A composite score was calculated by summing the number of "good" dimensions. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was assessed in a subsample (n = 117), using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) to determine OSA severity. Linear mixed modeling was used to examine the relationships between sleep health and outcomes of percent weight, fat mass, or fat-free mass change during the subsequent 6-month interval, adjusting for age, sex, bed partner, and race; an additional model adjusted for AHI.ResultsMean baseline and 6-month sleep health was 4.5 ± 1.1 and 4.5 ± 1.2, respectively. Mean weight, fat mass, and fat-free mass changes from 0 to 6 months were -9.3 ± 6.1%, -16.9 ± 13.5%, and -3.4 ± 3.4%, respectively, and 0.4 ± 4.8%, -0.3 ± 10.3%, and 0.7 ± 4.1% from 6 to 12 months. Better sleep health was associated with greater subsequent weight loss (P = 0.016) and fat loss (P = 0.006), but not fat-free mass loss (P = 0.232). Following AHI adjustment, the association between sleep health and weight loss was attenuated (P = 0.102) but remained significant with fat loss (P = 0.040). Regularity, satisfaction, timing, and efficiency were each associated with weight and/or fat loss (P ≤ 0.041).ConclusionsBetter sleep health was associated with greater weight and fat loss, with associations attenuated after accounting for OSA severity. Future studies should explore whether improving sleep health, OSA, or the combination improves weight loss.
| S-EPMC7914147 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveDespite the myriad negative effects of weight self-stigma, its role in weight loss intervention has not been thoroughly examined. The aim of this study was to examine the association between weight self-stigma and weight loss.MethodsThis longitudinal study examined the association between weight loss and changes in self-stigma, assessed by the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire, which distinguished between self-devaluation and fear of enacted stigma. Participants were adults with overweight or obesity enrolled in a 24-month weight loss intervention trial (groups were collapsed for this post hoc analysis) who were assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.ResultsBaseline levels of self-stigma were not associated with weight loss outcomes. However, mixed models analysis showed that reductions in one aspect of weight self-stigma, self-devaluation, was associated with greater weight loss (p = 0.01). Cross products mediation analysis showed that increases in use of weight control strategies mediated the association between reductions in self-devaluation and greater weight loss (F = 14.86, p < 0.001; CI 0.09-0.37).ConclusionsResults suggest that there may be potential for incorporating intervention methods targeting the reduction of self-stigma in order to improve weight loss outcomes.
| S-EPMC6381303 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivePredictors of body weight loss (BWL) and body weight loss maintenance (BWLM) after behavioral weight loss intervention are well-investigated in adults. Less is known for children and adolescents and a systematic overview on the topic for this age group was aim of the review.MethodsA systematic research according to PRISMA guidelines using several databases was performed. The outcome was the BMI z-Score of longitudinal studies. The extracted predictors were classified in clusters (Physiology, Behavior, Psychology, Environment) and compared with a theory-driven model based on international guidelines and known predictors for adults.ResultsOut of 2,623 articles 24 met the eligibility criteria, 23 investigating BWL and 8 BWLM. The expected key predictor in research for adults "Behavior" was hardly investigated in children. The most examined cluster was "Physiology" with the most significant predictors, in particular genetics (BWL) and blood parameters (BWLM). Factors in the cluster "Psychology" also predicted BWL and BWLM. The cluster "Environment," which was highlighted in most intervention guidelines, was neglected in studies regarding BWLM and hardly investigated in studies with BWL.ConclusionThe comparison with the theory-driven children model outlined research gaps and differences between predictors for adults and children providing further direction of research.Systematic review registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42020200505.
| S-EPMC8989956 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Options for treatment of obesity include dietary approaches and bariatric surgery. Previous studies have shown that weight loss interventions have an impact on gut microbiota. However, a pattern of gut microbiota changes associated with weight loss independently of the type of intervention has not been described yet. This study includes 61 individuals who followed different weight loss strategies in three different trials: 21 followed a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), 18 followed a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) and 22 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy bariatric surgery (BS). Gut microbiota profile was assessed by next-generation sequencing. A common taxon that had significantly changed within the three weight loss interventions could not be find. At the family level, Clostiridiaceae significantly increased its abundance with MedDiet and VLCKD, whilst Porphyromonadacean and Rikenellaceae significantly increased with VLCKD and BS. At genus level, in VLCKD and BS, Parabacteroides and Alistipes significantly increased their abundance whilst Lactobacillus decreased. At the species level, BS and VLCKD produced an increase in Parabacteroidesdistasonis and a decrease in Eubactieriumventriosum and Lactobacillusrogosae, whilst Orodibactersplanchnicus increased its abundance after the BS and MedDiet. Predicted metagenome analysis suggested that most of the changes after VLCKD were focused on pathways related to biosynthesis and degradation/utilization/assimilation, while BS seems to decrease most of the biosynthesis pathways. MedDiet was enriched in several pathways related to fermentation to short-chain fatty acids. Our results show that weight loss is not associated with a specific pattern of gut microbiota changes independently of the strategy used. Indeed, gut microbiota changes according to type of weight loss intervention.
| S-EPMC7915884 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/objectivesTo examine the association between indices of sleep quantity and quality with dietary adherence, physical activity adherence, and weight loss during a behavioral weight loss intervention.MethodsAdults (n = 156) with overweight and obesity (40 ± 9 years, 84% female, BMI: 34.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2) participated in an 18-month behavioral weight loss intervention which prescribed a reduced calorie diet (1200-1800 kcal/d) and increased physical activity (300 min/wk). Body weight, indices of sleep (SenseWear armband; SWA), energy intake (EI, 3-day food records), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (SWA) were measured at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. Linear mixed effects models examined the association between sleep and weight change over time. Additional models were adjusted for covariates including age, BMI, sex, race, ethnicity, study completion, randomization, EI, and physical activity. Secondary analyses examined the association between sleep and adherence to diet and physical activity recommendations.ResultsMean weight loss was 7.7 ± 5.4, 8.4 ± 7.9, and 7.1 ± 9.0 kg at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively. Lower sleep efficiency, higher wake after sleep onset (WASO), more awakenings, and higher sleep onset latency (SOL) were significantly associated with attenuated weight loss (p < 0.05). Lower sleep efficiency, more awakenings, and higher SOL remained significantly associated with blunted weight loss after adjustment for covariates (p < 0.05). Later waketime, longer time in bed, longer sleep duration, higher WASO, more awakenings, and higher SOL were associated with lower odds of achieving ≥300 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, adjusted for covariates (FDR p < 0.05).ConclusionsFuture studies should evaluate whether incorporating strategies to improve sleep health within a behavioral weight loss intervention leads to improved adherence to diet and physical activity recommendations and enhanced weight loss.Clinical trials identifierNCT01985568.
| S-EPMC9850430 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to test whether behavioral weight loss (BWL) intervention decreases headaches in women with comorbid migraine and overweight or obesity. METHODS:This randomized, single-blind trial allocated women 18 to 50 years old with 4 to 20 migraine days per month and a BMI?=?25.0-49.9?kg/m2 to 16 weeks of BWL (n?=?54), which targeted exercise and eating behaviors for weight loss, or to migraine education control (ME, n?=?56), which delivered didactic instruction on migraine and treatments. Participants completed a 4-week smartphone headache diary at baseline, posttreatment (16-20 wk), and follow-up (32-36 wk). The primary outcome was posttreatment change in migraine days per month, analyzed via linear mixed effects models. RESULTS:Of 110 participants randomly assigned, 85 (78%) and 80 (73%) completed posttreatment and follow-up. Although the BWL group achieved greater weight loss (mean [95% CI] in kilograms) than the ME group at posttreatment (-3.8 [-2.5 to -5.0] vs.?+?0.9 [-0.4 to 2.2], P?<?0.001) and follow-up (-3.2 [-2.0 to -4.5] vs.?+?1.1 [-0.2 to 2.4], P?<?0.001), there were no significant group (BWL vs. ME) differences (mean [95% CI]) in migraine days per month at posttreatment (-3.0 [-2.0 to -4.0] vs. -4.0 [-2.9 to -5.0], P?=?0.185) or follow-up (-3.8 [-2.7 to -4.8] vs. -4.4 [-3.4 to -5.5], P?=?0.378). CONCLUSIONS:Contrary to hypotheses, BWL and ME yielded similar, sustained reductions in migraine headaches. Future research should evaluate whether adding BWL to standard pharmacological and/or nonpharmacological migraine treatment approaches yields greater benefits.
| S-EPMC5739951 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe transition to parenthood is associated with worsening health behaviors, yet the impact of parental status on successful weight loss has rarely been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parental status of minor children on weight loss and behavioral adherence in a rural community-based weight loss intervention.MethodsFive hundred and twenty-eight adults (age 21-75 years, body mass index [BMI] 30-45 kg/m2) were enrolled in a group-based weight loss intervention consisting of 16 weekly sessions delivered in face-to-face group sessions at Cooperative Extension Service (CES) offices. Participants who were parents with at least one minor child (≤18 years old) in the home were compared to participants with no minor children in the home. Measures included percent weight loss, session attendance, adherence to self-monitoring, and achieving calorie and physical activity goals.ResultsCompared to participants without minor children, parents with minor children lost significantly less weight (7.5% vs. 6.2%, respectively; p = 0.01), and were less likely to lose ≥5% of baseline weight (59.2% vs. 70.2%, respectively; p = 0.02). In addition, parents with minor children attended significantly fewer sessions, had lower adherence to self-monitoring, and met calorie and step goals less often (all ps < 0.001). The association between parental status and percent weight loss was not significantly moderated by gender of the parent.ConclusionsParents of minor children had greater difficulty adhering to intervention goals and lost less weight than participants without minor children. Future research should investigate whether tailoring intervention to meet the unique needs of parents can enhance outcomes, especially given the large segment of the population represented by this group.
| S-EPMC9722455 | biostudies-literature