Dataset Information

Brain perfusion magnetic resonance imaging using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling in 314 dogs and cats.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive brain perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has not been assessed in clinical veterinary medicine.

Hypothesis/objectives

To test the feasibility of ASL using a 1.5 Tesla scanner and provide recommendations for optimal quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in dogs and cats.

Animals

Three hundred fourteen prospectively selected client-owned dogs and cats.

Methods

Each animal underwent brain MRI including morphological sequences and ≥1 ASL sequences using different sites of blood labeling and postlabeling delays (PLD). Calculated ASL success rates were compared. The CBF was quantified in animals that had morphologically normal brain MRI results and parameters of ASL optimization were investigated.

Results

Arterial spin labeling was easily implemented with an overall success rate of 95% in animals with normal brain MRI. Technical recommendations included (a) positioning of the imaging slab at the foramen magnum and (b) selected PLD of 1025 ms in cats and dogs <7 kg, 1525 ms in dogs 7 to 38 kg, and 2025 ms in dogs >38 kg. In 37 dogs, median optimal CBF in the cortex and thalamic nuclei were 114 and 95 mL/100 g/min, respectively. In 28 cats, median CBF in the cortex and thalamic nuclei were 113 and 114 mL/100 g/min, respectively.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Our survey of brain perfusion ASL-MRI demonstrated the feasibility of ASL at 1.5 Tesla, suggested technical recommendations and provided CBF values that should be helpful in the characterization of various brain diseases in dogs and cats.

SUBMITTER: Hoffmann AC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8478041 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionPseudocontinuous Arterial Spin Labeling (pCASL) perfusion imaging allows non-invasive quantification of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) as part of a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. This study aimed to compare regional CBF in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) individuals with their age-matched typically developing (TD) children using pCASL perfusion imaging.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 17 individuals with ASD and 13 TD children. All participants underwent pCASL examination on a 3.0 T MRI scanner. Children in two groups were assessed for clinical characteristics and developmental profiles using Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Gesell development diagnosis scale (GDDS), respectively. We compared CBF in different cerebral regions of ASD and TD children. We also assessed the association between CBF and clinical characteristics/developmental profile.ResultsCompared with TD children, individuals with ASD demonstrated a reduction in CBF in the left frontal lobe, the bilateral parietal lobes, and the bilateral temporal lobes. Within the ASD group, CBF was significantly higher in the right parietal lobe than in the left side. Correlation analysis of behavior characteristics and CBF in different regions showed a positive correlation between body and object domain scores on the ABC and CBF of the bilateral occipital lobes, and separately, between language domain scores and CBF of the left frontal lobe. The score of the social and self-help domain was negatively correlated with the CBF of the left frontal lobe, the left parietal lobe, and the left temporal lobe.ConclusionCerebral blood flow was found to be negatively correlated with scores in the social and self-help domain, and positively correlated with those in the body and object domain, indicating that CBF values are a potential MRI-based biomarker of disease severity in ASD patients. The findings may provide novel insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of ASD.

Project description:BackgroundArterial spin labeling (ASL) can be confounded by varying arterial transit times (ATT) across the brain and with disease. Hadamard encoding schemes can be applied to 3D pseudocontinuous ASL (pCASL) to acquire ASL data with multiple postlabeling delays (PLDs) to estimate ATT and then correct cerebral blood flow (CBF).PurposeTo assess the longitudinal reproducibility of 3D pCASL with Hadamard-encoded multiple PLDs.Study typeProspective, longitudinal.PopulationFifty-two healthy, right-handed male subjects who underwent imaging at four timepoints over 45 days.Field strength/sequenceA Hadamard-encoded 3D pCASL sequence was acquired at 3.0T with seven PLDs from 1.0-3.7 sec.AssessmentATT and corrected CBF (cCBF) were computed. Conventional uncorrected CBF (unCBF) was also estimated. Within- and between-subject coefficient of variation (wCV and bCV, respectively) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were evaluated across four time intervals: 7, 14, 30, and 45 days, in gray matter and 17 independent regions of interest (ROIs). A power analysis was also conducted.Statistical testsA repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare ATT, cCBF, and unCBF across the four scan sessions. A paired two-sample t-test was used to compare cCBF and unCBF. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the relationship between the cCBF and unCBF difference and ATT. Power calculations were completed using both the cCBF and unCBF variances.ResultsATT showed the lowest wCV and bCV (3.3-4.4% and 6.0-6.3%, respectively) compared to both cCBF (10.5-11.7% and 20.6-22.2%, respectively) and unCBF (12.0-13.6% and 22.7-23.7%, respectively). wCV and bCV were lower for cCBF vs. unCBF. A significant difference between cCBF and unCBF was found in most regions (P = 5.5 × 10-5 -3.8 × 10-4 in gray matter) that was highly correlated with ATT (R2 = 0.79-0.86). A power analysis yielded acceptable power at feasible sample sizes using cCBF.Data conclusionATT and ATT-corrected CBF were longitudinally stable, indicating that ATT and CBF changes can be reliably evaluated with Hadamard-encoded 3D pCASL with multiple PLDs.Level of evidence1 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1846-1853.

Project description:BackgroundNoninvasive measurement of placental blood flow is the major technical challenge for predicting ischemic placenta (IPD). Pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI was recently shown to be promising, but the potential value in predicting the subsequence development of IPD is not known.PurposeTo derive global and regional placental blood flow parameters from longitudinal measurements of pCASL MRI and to assess the associations between perfusion-related parameters and IPD.Study typeProspective.PopulationEighty-four women completed two pCASL MRI scans (first; 14-18 weeks and second; 19-24 weeks) from prospectively recruited 118 subjects. A total of 69 subjects were included for the analysis, of which 15 subjects developed IPD.Field strength/sequence3T/T2 -weighted half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) and pCASL.AssessmentFour perfusion-related parameters in the placenta were derived: placenta volume, placental blood flow (PBF), high PBF (hPBF), and relative hPBF. The longitudinal changes of the parameters and their association with IPD were tested after being normalizing to the 16th and 20th weeks of gestation.Statistical testsComparisons between two gestational ages within subjects were performed using the paired Wilcoxon tests, and comparisons between normal and IPD groups were performed using the unpaired Wilcoxon tests.ResultsThe difference between the first and second MRI scans was statistically significant for volume (156.6 cm3 vs. 269.7 cm3 , P < 0.001) and PBF (104.9 ml/100g/min vs. 111.3 ml/100g/min, P = 0.02) for normal subjects, indicating an increase in pregnancy with advancing gestation. Of the parameters tested, the difference between the normal and IPD subjects was most pronounced in hPBF (278.1 ml/100g/min vs. 180.7 ml/100g/min, P < 0.001) and relative hPBF (259.1% vs. 183.2%, P < 0.001) at 16 weeks.Data conclusionThe high perfusion-related image parameters for IPD were significantly decreased from normal pregnancy at 14-18 weeks of gestation.Level of evidence2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1247-1257.

Project description:Background There is limited information about perfusion in exercise-induced muscle injuries such as delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and the effect of compression garments as a therapeutic strategy during the regeneration phase. The purpose of this prospective, explorative study was to evaluate muscle perfusion in DOMS and to assess the effect of compression garments at resting conditions and during DOMS by magnetic resonance (MR) arterial spin labeling (ASL). Methods DOMS was induced from 03/2021 to 04/2021 using an eccentric and plyometric exercises targeting the calf muscles in 14 volunteers. A compression garment (21–22 mmHg) was worn during and for 6 h after exercise on one randomized leg. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including ASL of both lower legs was performed before and directly after the exercise as well as after 6 h, and 48 h using a 3 Tesla MRI system. Perfusion analyses of the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) and the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) were performed and results were compared to baseline measurements. T2-weighted images and creatine kinase levels were acquired at baseline and after 48 h. Results All volunteers presented a successful induction of DOMS in the GM after 48 h. Arterial muscle perfusion in the GM increased from baseline to measurements taken directly after the exercise (4.97±5.59 mL/100 g/min, P<0.001). No significant alteration in perfusion compared to baseline was observed at 6 h (P=0.16) and 48 h (P=1.0) after the induction of DOMS. Compression garments did not elicit a significant alteration in ASL parameters in the GM (P=0.65) or the TA (P=0.05) at any time point. No adverse events occurred during the study. Conclusions After an initial exercise-associated increase in arterial muscle perfusion, a normalization of blood supply was observed at 6 and 48 h after the exercise intervention inducing DOMS. Wearing a compression garment (21–22 mmHg) during and after the induction of DOMS did not affect muscle perfusion at rest, nor did it have any significant effect on muscle perfusion during the regeneration phase. The results can help to better understand the pathophysiological properties of DOMS and may have implications for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.