Molecular design, molecular docking and ADMET study of cyclic sulfonamide derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: TONG J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8479971 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread worldwide, with 25 million confirmed cases and 800 thousand deaths. Effective treatments to target SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed. In the present study, we have identified a class of cyclic sulfonamide derivatives as novel SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Compound 13c of the synthesized compounds exhibited robust inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.88 μM) against SARS-CoV-2 without cytotoxicity (CC50 > 25 μM), with a selectivity index (SI) of 30.7. In addition, compound 13c exhibited high oral bioavailability (77%) and metabolic stability with good safety profiles in hERG and cytotoxicity studies. The present study identified that cyclic sulfonamide derivatives are a promising new template for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents.
| S-EPMC7640924 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the optimum targets for antiviral drug design and development. The hydroxyl groups of cytidine structures were modified with different aliphatic and aromatic groups to obtain 5´-O-acyl and 2´,3´-di-O-acyl derivatives, and then, these derivatives were employed in molecular modeling, antiviral prediction, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, pharmacological and POM studies. Density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G++ level analyzed biochemical behavior and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) of the modified cytidine derivatives. The antiviral parameters of the mutated derivatives revealed promising drug properties compared with those of standard antiviral drugs. Molecular docking has determined binding affinities and interactions between the cytidine derivatives and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. The modified derivatives strongly interacted with prime Pro620 and Lys621 residues. The binding conformation and interactions stability were investigated by 200 ns of molecular dynamics simulations and predicted the compounds to firmly dock inside the RdRp binding pocket. Interestingly, the binding residues of the derivatives were revealed in high equilibrium showing an enhanced binding affinity for the molecules. Intermolecular interactions are dominated by both Van der Waals and electrostatic energies. Finally, the pharmacokinetic characterization of the optimized inhibitors confirmed the safety of derivatives due to their improved kinetic properties. The selected cytidine derivatives can be suggested as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. The POM Theory supports the hypothesis above by confirming the existence of an antiviral (Oδ--O'δ-) pharmacophore site of Hits.
| S-EPMC9704642 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coronavirus (COVID-19), an enveloped RNA virus, primarily affects human beings. It has been deemed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic. For this reason, COVID-19 has become one of the most lethal viruses which the modern world has ever witnessed although some established pharmaceutical companies allege that they have come up with a remedy for COVID-19. To that end, a set of carboxamides sulfonamide derivatives has been under study using 3D-QSAR approach. CoMFA and CoMSIA are one of the most cardinal techniques used in molecular modeling to mold a worthwhile 3D-QSAR model. The expected predictability has been achieved using the CoMFA model (Q2 = 0.579; R2 = 0.989; R2test = 0.791) and the CoMSIA model (Q2 = 0.542; R2 = 0.975; R2test = 0.964). In a similar vein, the contour maps extracted from both CoMFA and CoMSIA models provide much useful information to determine the structural requirements impacting the activity; subsequently, these contour maps pave the way for proposing 8 compounds with important predicted activities. The molecular surflex-docking simulation has been adopted to scrutinize the interactions existing between potentially and used antimalarial molecule on a large scale, called Chloroquine (CQ) and the proposed carboxamides sulfonamide analogs with COVID-19 main protease (PDB: 6LU7). The outcomes of the molecular docking point out that the new molecule P1 has high stability in the active site of COVID-19 and an efficient binding affinity (total scoring) in relation with the Chloroquine. Last of all, the newly designed carboxamides sulfonamide molecules have been evaluated for their oral bioavailability and toxicity, the results point out that these scaffolds have cardinal ADMET properties and can be granted as reliable inhibitors against COVID-19.
| S-EPMC7997311 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) has been declared a worldwide pandemic by WHO recently. The complete understanding of the complex genomic structure of SARS CoV-2 has enabled the use of computational tools in search of SARS CoV-2 inhibitors against the multiple proteins responsible for its entry and multiplication in human cells. With this endeavor, 177 natural, anti-viral chemical entities and their derivatives, selected through the critical analysis of the literatures, were studied using pharmacophore screening followed by molecular docking against RNA dependent RNA polymerase and main protease. The identified hits have been subjected to molecular dynamic simulations to study the stability of ligand-protein complexes followed by ADMET analysis and Lipinski filters to confirm their drug likeliness. It has led to an important start point in the drug discovery and development of therapeutic agents against SARS CoV-2.
| S-EPMC8059878 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is an appealing target for the development of antiviral compounds, due to its critical role in the viral life cycle and its high conservation among different coronaviruses and the continuously emerging mutants of SARS-CoV-2. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phytochemical with several health benefits that is abundant in plant biomass and has been used as a basis for the enzymatic or chemical synthesis of derivatives with improved properties, including antiviral activity against a range of viruses. This study tested 54 reported FA derivatives for their inhibitory potential against Mpro by in silico simulations. Molecular docking was performed using Autodock Vina, resulting in comparable or better binding affinities for 14 compounds compared to the known inhibitors N3 and GC376. ADMET analysis showed limited bioavailability but significantly improved the solubility for the enzymatically synthesized hits while better bioavailability and druglikeness properties but higher toxicity were observed for the chemically synthesized ones. MD simulations confirmed the stability of the complexes of the most promising compounds with Mpro, highlighting FA rutinoside and compound e27 as the best candidates from each derivative category.
| S-EPMC9329733 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a causative agent for the global epidemic disease COVID-19, which has a highest modality rate. Several initiatives have been undertaken to repurpose current antiviral medications and tested the classic pyridine derivatives (PyDev), which have showed substantial therapeutic potential against a variety of illnesses and also have several biological functions such as, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. However, limited reports are available for the treatment of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 using PyDev. Hence, the possibilities of the best-described PyDev molecules of powerful Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors have been attempted in this investigation. This study primarily focused on blocking four key targets of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Terpyridine has shown the greatest inhibitory potential (with a binding energy of -8.8 kcal/mol) against all four coronavirus targets. This study results would pave the potential lead medication for Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic strategies.
| S-EPMC10076986 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction: The new species of coronaviruses (CoVs), SARS-CoV-2, was reported as responsible for an outbreak of respiratory disease. Scientists and researchers are endeavoring to develop new approaches for the effective treatment against of the COVID-19 disease. There are no finally targeted antiviral agents able to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 at present. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the potential uses of levamisole derivatives, which are reported to be antiviral agents targeting the influenza virus. Methods: In the present study, 12 selected levamisole derivatives containing imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole were subjected to molecular docking in order to explore the binding mechanisms between these derivatives and the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (PDB: 7BQY). The levamisole derivatives were evaluated for in silico ADMET properties for wet-lab applicability. Further, the stability of the best-docked complex was checked using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at 20 ns. Results: Levamisole derivatives and especially molecule N°6 showed more promising docking results, presenting favorable binding interactions as well as better docking energy compared to chloroquine and mefloquine. The results of ADMET prediction and MD simulation support the potential of the molecule N°6 to be further developed as a novel inhibitor able to stop the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: This research provided an effective first line in the rapid discovery of drug leads against the novel CoV (SARS-CoV-2).
| S-EPMC8905587 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the choice of recent studies worldwide to control its pandemic. Given the similarity with the earlier SARS-CoV, it is possible to use the previously reported inhibitors to develop a new treatment for the current attack of SARS-CoV-2. This study used the formerly published SARS-CoV Mpro small-molecule protease inhibitors to develop a pharmacophore model in order to design new ligands. Several strategies and scaffolds were evaluated in silico giving rise to ten newly designed compounds. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were performed on Mpro enzyme in its active site to evaluate the newly designed ligands I-X. The results obtained from this work showed that compounds III-VI had a better molecular docking score than the co-crystallized ligand baicalein (3WL) giving -5.99, -5.94, -6.31, -6.56 and -5.74 kcal mol-1, respectively. Moreover, they could bind to the Mpro binding site better than I, II and VII-X. The most promising chromen-2-one based compounds V-VI had sufficiently acceptable physicochemical and ADMET properties to be considered new leads for further investigations. This new understanding should help to improve predictions of the impact of new treatments on COVID-19.
| S-EPMC9134034 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite treatments and vaccinations, it remains difficult to develop naturally occurring COVID-19 inhibitors. Here, our main objective is to find potential lead compounds from the retrieved alkaloids with antiviral and other biological properties that selectively target the main SARS-CoV-2 protease (Mpro), which is required for viral replication. In this work, 252 alkaloids were aligned using Lipinski's rule of five and their antiviral activity was then assessed. The prediction of activity spectrum of substances (PASS) data was used to confirm the antiviral activities of 112 alkaloids. Finally, 50 alkaloids were docked with Mpro. Furthermore, assessments of molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEPS), density functional theory (DFT), and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) were performed, and a few of them appeared to have potential as candidates for oral administration. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) with a time step of up to 100 ns were used to confirm that the three docked complexes were more stable. It was found that the most prevalent and active binding sites that limit Mpro'sactivity are PHE294, ARG298, and GLN110. All retrieved data were compared to conventional antivirals, fumarostelline, strychnidin-10-one (L-1), 2,3-dimethoxy-brucin (L-7), and alkaloid ND-305B (L-16) and were proposed as enhanced SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Finally, with additional clinical or necessary study, it may be able to use these indicated natural alkaloids or their analogs as potential therapeutic candidates.
| S-EPMC10171978 | biostudies-literature
Project description:COVID-19 is a new infectious disease caused by SARS-COV-2 virus of the coronavirus Family. The identification of drugs against this serious infection is a significant requirement due to the rapid rise in the positive cases and deaths around the world. With this concept, a molecular docking analysis for vitamins and their derivatives (28 molecules) with the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease was carried out. The results of molecular docking indicate that the structures with best binding energy in the binding site of the studied enzyme (lowest energy level) are observed for the compounds; Folacin, Riboflavin, and Phylloquinone oxide (Vitamin K1 oxide). A Molecular Dynamic simulation was carried out to study the binding stability for the selected vitamins with the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease enzyme. Molecular Dynamic shows that Phylloquinone oxide and Folacin are quite unstable in binding to SARS-CoV-2 main protease, while the Riboflavin is comparatively rigid. The higher fluctuations in Phylloquinone oxide and Folacin indicate that they may not fit very well into the binding site. As expected, the Phylloquinone oxide exhibits small number of H-bonds with protein and Folacin does not form a good interaction with protein. Riboflavin exhibits the highest number of Hydrogen bonds and forms consistent interactions with protein. Additionally, this molecule respect the conditions mentioned in Lipinski's rule and have acceptable ADMET proprieties which indicates that Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) could be interesting for the antiviral treatment of COVID-19.
| S-EPMC8855669 | biostudies-literature