Correction: Accelerometer measured physical activity and the incidence of cardiovascular disease: Evidence from the UK Biobank cohort study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ramakrishnan R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8480986 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundHigher levels of physical activity (PA) are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, uncertainty exists on whether the inverse relationship between PA and incidence of CVD is greater at the highest levels of PA. Past studies have mostly relied on self-reported evidence from questionnaire-based PA, which is crude and cannot capture all PA undertaken. We investigated the association between accelerometer-measured moderate, vigorous, and total PA and incident CVD.Methods and findingsWe obtained accelerometer-measured moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activities and total volume of PA, over a 7-day period in 2013-2015, for 90,211 participants without prior or concurrent CVD in the UK Biobank cohort. Participants in the lowest category of total PA smoked more, had higher body mass index and C-reactive protein, and were diagnosed with hypertension. PA was associated with 3,617 incident CVD cases during 440,004 person-years of follow-up (median (interquartile range [IQR]): 5.2 (1.2) years) using Cox regression models. We found a linear dose-response relationship for PA, whether measured as moderate-intensity, vigorous-intensity, or as total volume, with risk of incident of CVD. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for increasing quarters of the PA distribution relative to the lowest fourth were for moderate-intensity PA: 0.71 (0.65, 0.77), 0.59 (0.54, 0.65), and 0.46 (0.41, 0.51); for vigorous-intensity PA: 0.70 (0.64, 0.77), 0.54 (0.49,0.59), and 0.41 (0.37,0.46); and for total volume of PA: 0.73 (0.67, 0.79), 0.63 (0.57, 0.69), and 0.47 (0.43, 0.52). We took account of potential confounders but unmeasured confounding remains a possibility, and while removal of early deaths did not affect the estimated HRs, we cannot completely dismiss the likelihood that reverse causality has contributed to the findings. Another possible limitation of this work is the quantification of PA intensity-levels based on methods validated in relatively small studies.ConclusionsIn this study, we found no evidence of a threshold for the inverse association between objectively measured moderate, vigorous, and total PA with CVD. Our findings suggest that PA is not only associated with lower risk for of CVD, but the greatest benefit is seen for those who are active at the highest level.
| S-EPMC7802951 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Physical inactivity is associated with an increased risk of major chronic diseases, although uncertainty exists about which chronic diseases, themselves, might contribute to physical inactivity. The objective of this study was to compare the physical activity of those with chronic diseases to healthy individuals using an objective measure of physical activity. METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from 96 706 participants aged 40 years or older from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study (2006-10). Diagnoses were identified through ICD 9 and 10 coding within hospital admission records and a cancer registry linked to UK Biobank participants. We extracted summary physical activity information from participants who wore a wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer for 7 days. Statistical analyses included computation of adjusted geometric means and means using general linear models. RESULTS:Participants with chronic disease undertook 9% or 61 minutes (95% confidence interval: 57.8-64.8) less moderate activity and 11% or 3 minutes (95% confidence interval: 2.7-3.3) less vigorous activity per week than individuals without chronic disease. Participants in every chronic-disease subgroup undertook less physical activity than those without chronic disease. Sixty-seven diagnoses within these subgroups were associated with lower moderate activity. CONCLUSIONS:The cross-sectional association of physical activity with chronic disease is broad. Given the substantial health benefits of being physically active, clinicians and policymakers should be aware that their patients with any chronic disease are at greater health risk from other diseases than anticipated because of their physical inactivity.
| S-EPMC6693885 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Despite the well-established capacity of physical activity to reduce blood pressure, the associations between physical activity with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality in people living with hypertension are not well understood. We examine the dose-response associations of device-assessed physical activity with all-cause and CVD mortality and CVD incidence (total, stroke, and coronary heart disease) in adults with hypertension. Methods and Results This prospective study included data from 39 294 participants with hypertension in the UK Biobank study who had valid accelerometry data and for whom mortality and CVD followed-up data were available. We categorized moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and total physical activity volume into 4 categories based on the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles and used Cox regressions to estimate their associations with CVD mortality and incidence outcomes. Splines were used to assess the dose-response associations. During a median follow-up of 6.25 years (241 418 person-years), 1518 deaths (549 attributable to CVD) and 4933 CVD (fatal and nonfatal) incident events were registered. Compared with the lowest category of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, the relative risks (hazard ratios and 95% CIs) of all-cause mortality for increasing categories were 0.53 (0.46-0.61), 0.41 (0.34-0.49), and 0.36 (0.26-0.49). We found associations of similar magnitude for total CVD incidence, stroke, and coronary heart disease; and for total physical activity volume across all outcomes. For all outcomes, there were linear or nearly linear inverse dose-response relationships with no evidence of harms with high levels of physical activity. Results were robust to removing participants who died within the first 2 years. Conclusions Our findings underscore the importance of physical activity for people living with hypertension and provide novel insights to support the development of physical activity guideline recommendations for this high-risk group.
| S-EPMC9075331 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Many researchers are beginning to adopt the use of wrist-worn accelerometers to objectively measure personal activity levels. Data from these devices are often used to summarise such activity in terms of averages, variances, exceedances, and patterns within a profile. In this study, we report the development of a clustering utilising the whole activity profile. This was achieved using the robust clustering technique of k-medoids applied to an extensive data set of over 90,000 activity profiles, collected as part of the UK Biobank study. We identified nine distinct activity profiles in these data, which captured both the pattern of activity throughout a week and the intensity of the activity: "Active 9 to 5", "Active", "Morning Movers", "Get up and Active", "Live for the Weekend", "Moderates", "Leisurely 9 to 5", "Sedate" and "Inactive". These patterns are differentiated by sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and health and circadian rhythm data collected by UK Biobank. The utility of these findings are that they sit alongside existing summary measures of physical activity to provide a way to typify distinct activity patterns that may help to explain other health and morbidity outcomes, e.g., BMI or COVID-19. This research will be returned to the UK Biobank for other researchers to use.
| S-EPMC8709415 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo quantify the association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes.MethodsData from 82,253 UK Biobank participants with accelerometer data (measured 2013-2015), complete covariate data, and linked COVID-19 data from March 16, 2020, to March 16, 2021, were included. Two outcomes were investigated: severe COVID-19 (positive test result from in-hospital setting or COVID-19 as primary cause of death) and nonsevere COVID-19 (positive test result from community setting). Logistic regressions were used to assess associations with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total activity, and intensity gradient. A higher intensity gradient indicates a higher proportion of vigorous activity.ResultsAverage MVPA was 48.1 (32.7) min/d. Physical activity was associated with lower odds of severe COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio per standard deviation increase: MVPA, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.67 to 0.85]; total, 0.83 [0.74 to 0.92]; intensity, 0.77 [0.70 to 0.86]), with stronger associations in women (MVPA, 0.63 [0.52 to 0.77]; total, 0.76 [0.64 to 0.90]; intensity, 0.63 [0.53 to 0.74]) than in men (MVPA, 0.84 [0.73 to 0.97]; total, 0.88 [0.77 to 1.01]; intensity, 0.88 [0.77 to 1.00]). In contrast, when mutually adjusted, total activity was associated with higher odds of a nonsevere infection (1.10 [1.04 to 1.16]), whereas the intensity gradient was associated with lower odds (0.91 [0.86 to 0.97]).ConclusionOdds of severe COVID-19 were approximately 25% lower per standard deviation (∼30 min/d) MVPA. A greater proportion of vigorous activity was associated with lower odds of severe and nonsevere infections. The association between total activity and higher odds of a nonsevere infection may be through greater community engagement and thus more exposure to the virus. Results support calls for public health messaging highlighting the potential of MVPA for reducing the odds of severe COVID-19.
| S-EPMC8376658 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Levels of activity are often affected in psychiatric disorders and can be core symptoms of illness. Advances in technology now allow the accurate assessment of activity levels but it remains unclear whether alterations in activity arise from shared risk factors for developing psychiatric disorders, such as genetics, or are better explained as consequences of the disorders and their associated factors. We aimed to examine objectively-measured physical activity in individuals with psychiatric disorders, and assess the role of genetic liability for psychiatric disorders on physical activity. Accelerometer data were available on 95,529 UK Biobank participants, including measures of overall mean activity and minutes per day of moderate activity, walking, sedentary activity, and sleep. Linear regressions measured associations between psychiatric diagnosis and activity levels, and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for psychiatric disorders and activity levels. Genetic correlations were calculated between psychiatric disorders and different types of activity. Having a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, or autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was associated with reduced overall activity compared to unaffected controls. In individuals without a psychiatric disorder, reduced overall activity levels were associated with PRS for schizophrenia, depression, and ASD. ADHD PRS was associated with increased overall activity. Genetic correlations were consistent with PRS findings. Variation in physical activity is an important feature across psychiatric disorders. Whilst levels of activity are associated with genetic liability to psychiatric disorders to a very limited extent, the substantial differences in activity levels in those with psychiatric disorders most likely arise as a consequences of disorder-related factors.
| S-EPMC8508577 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFollowing adoption of a Western lifestyle, China is experiencing a decline in physical activity levels, which is projected to contribute to future increases in the burden of chronic diseases.PurposeThis study aims to target public health interventions and identify personal characteristics associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior in urban Chinese adults.MethodsIn a sample of 576 men and women aged 40-74 years from Shanghai, multiple logistic regression was used to examine demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors in relation to levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior assessed by Actigraph accelerometers.ResultsParticipants spent 317 minutes/day in physical activity and 509 minutes/day sedentary. In multivariate models, people aged > or =60 years were significantly less likely than those aged <50 years to engage in physical activity (OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.17, 0.49) and more likely to spend time sedentary (OR=2.77, 95% CI=1.53, 5.05). Similarly, obese individuals were less likely to be physically active (OR=0.34, 95% CI=0.17, 0.66) and they were suggestively more likely to be sedentary (OR=1.87, 95% CI=0.94, 3.71) than normal-weight individuals. Furthermore, current cigarette smokers were less physically active than those who formerly or never smoked (OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.28, 0.78).ConclusionsPhysical activity promotion programs in urban China should target older people, obese individuals, and cigarette smokers, as these population subgroups exhibited low levels of physical activity.
| S-EPMC2897243 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundObjective measures of physical activity (PA) derived from wrist-worn accelerometers are compared with traditional risk factors in terms of mortality prediction performance in the UK Biobank.MethodA subset of participants in the UK Biobank study wore a tri-axial wrist-worn accelerometer in a free-living environment for up to 7 days. A total of 82 304 individuals over the age of 50 (439 707 person-years of follow-up, 1959 deaths) had both accelerometry data that met specified quality criteria and complete data on a set of traditional mortality risk factors. Predictive performance was assessed using cross-validated Concordance (C) for Cox regression models. Forward selection was used to obtain a set of best predictors of mortality.ResultsIn univariate Cox regression, age was the best predictor of all-cause mortality (C = 0.681) followed by 12 PA predictors, led by minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (C = 0.661) and total acceleration (C = 0.661). Overall, 16 of the top 20 predictors were objective PA measures (C = 0.578-0.661). Using a threshold of 0.001 improvement in Concordance, the Concordance for the best model that did not include PA measures was 0.735 (9 covariates) compared with 0.748 (12 covariates) for the best model with PA variables (p-value < .001).ConclusionsObjective measures of PA derived from accelerometry outperform traditional predictors of all-cause mortality in the UK Biobank except age and substantially improve the prediction performance of mortality models based on traditional risk factors. Results confirm and complement previous findings in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
| S-EPMC8277083 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction/purposeLimited studies have examined the association of physical activity with reproductive hormones, DNA methylation, and pubertal status among adolescents.MethodsAmong 248 boys and 271 girls, we estimated daily physical activity levels based on 7 d of wrist-worn accelerometer data. We used an isotemporal substitution paradigm and sex-stratified regression models to examine the association of physical activity levels with 1) testosterone, cortisol, progesterone, and androstenedione concentrations; 2) DNA methylation of long interspersed nucleotide (LINE-1) repeats and the genes H19, hydroxysteroid (11-Beta) dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) from blood leukocytes; and 3) Tanner stages, adjusted for age, BMI, and socioeconomic status.ResultsIn boys, substituting 30 min of moderate physical activity for 30 min of sedentary behavior per day was associated with 29% (-49%, 0%) of lower testosterone and 29% (4%, 61%) of higher progesterone. Substituting 30 min of light physical activity for sedentary behavior was associated with 13% (-22%, -2%) of lower progesterone. Among girls, 30 min of additional sedentary behavior was associated with 8% (-15%, 0%) of lower testosterone and 24% (8%, 42%) of higher progesterone concentrations. Substituting 30 min of moderate physical activity for sedentary behavior was associated with 15% (0%, 31%) of higher cortisol, whereas substituting the same amount of light physical activity for sedentary behavior was associated with 22% (-39%, 0%) of lower progesterone. Substituting 30 min of vigorous physical activity for sedentary behavior per day was associated with almost six times higher levels (5.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.79-9.86) of HSD11B2 methylation in boys.ConclusionsAccelerometer-measured daily physical activity was associated with reproductive hormones and HSD11B2 DNA methylation, differed by sex and activity intensity levels.
| S-EPMC7024035 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Therapeutic advances have reduced cardiovascular death rates in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We aimed to define the rates of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death in people with specified CVDs or accruing cardiovascular multimorbidity. Methods and Results We studied 493 280 UK residents enrolled in the UK Biobank cohort study. The proportion of deaths attributed to cardiovascular, cancer, infection, or other causes were calculated in groups defined by 9 distinct self-reported CVDs at baseline, or by the number of these CVDs at baseline. Poisson regression analyses were then used to define adjusted incidence rate ratios for these causes of death, accounting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity. Of 27 729 deaths, 20.4% were primarily attributed to CVD, 53.6% to cancer, 5.0% to infection, and 21.0% to other causes. As cardiovascular multimorbidity increased, the proportion of cardiovascular and infection-related deaths was greater, contrasting with cancer and other deaths. Compared with people without CVD, those with 3 or more CVDs experienced adjusted incidence rate ratios of 7.0 (6.2-7.8) for cardiovascular death, 4.4 (3.4-5.6) for infection death, 1.5 (1.4-1.7) for cancer death, and 2.0 (1.7-2.4) for other causes of death. There was substantial heterogeneity in causes of death, both in terms of crude proportions and adjusted incidence rate ratios, among the 9 studied baseline CVDs. Conclusions Noncardiovascular death is common in people with CVD, although its contribution varies widely between people with different CVDs. Holistic and personalized care are likely to be important tools for continuing to improve outcomes in people with CVD.
| S-EPMC8751922 | biostudies-literature