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Pure Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide Film on Magnesium Alloys for Orthopedic Applications.

ABSTRACT: Mg alloys are promising biodegradable orthopedic implants in the future. However, poor corrosion resistance and biocompatibility limit their wide applications. In this study, a pure Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al LDH) film on AZ31 was prepared through combining hydrofluoric acid pretreatment and hydrothermal treatment. Electrochemical analysis and the immersion test suggested that the as-prepared Mg-Al LDH-coated sample exhibited significantly enhanced corrosion resistance. The in vitro cell culture revealed that the Mg-Al LDH film was favorable for the alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, and osteogenesis-related gene expression of MC3T3-E1. Furthermore, the LDH-coated sample was beneficial for the migration, vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, and angiogenesis-related gene expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The subcutaneous implantation test demonstrated that the Mg-Al LDH film could protect the substrate from corrosion and induce milder inflammation. The femur implantation demonstrated that the Mg-Al LDH sample showed better bone regeneration and osseointegration than bare AZ31. In summary, the as-prepared pure Mg-Al LDH film is able to enhance the in vitro and in vivo performances of AZ31, indicating a promising application in the orthopedic field.

SUBMITTER: Cheng S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8482458 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThe Mg-Al-lactate layered double hydroxide nanosheet (LDH-NS) has shown great potential as an optimal nanocarrier for extensive use in plants. However, previous studies in plant sciences have not provided a clear description of the application for the LDH-NSs-based double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery (LDH-dsRNA) system in different tissues of both model and non-model species.ResultsLDH-NSs were synthesized by using the co-precipitation method, while the dsRNAs targeting genes of interest were prepared in vitro using T7 RNA polymerase. The LDH-dsRNA bioconjugates with a neutral charge were produced by incubating with the mass ratio of LDH-NSs to dsRNA at 3:1, which were then introduced into intact plant cells using three different approaches, including injection, spray, and soak. The LDH-dsRNA delivery method was optimized by inhibiting the expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana ACTIN2 gene. As a result, soaking A. thaliana seedlings in a medium containing LDH-dsRNA for 30 min led to the silencing of 80% of the target genes. The stability and effectiveness of the LDH-dsRNA system were further confirmed by the high-efficiency knockdown of plant tissue-specific genes, including that encoding phytoene desaturase (PDS), WUSCHEL (WUS), WUSCHEL-related homeobox 5 (WOX5), and ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6). In addition, the LDH-dsRNA system was employed in cassava, where it was found that the expression of the gene encoding nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) was significantly reduced. As a result, the resistance of cassava leaves to pathogens was weakened. Noteworthy, the injection of LDH-dsRNA into leaves resulted in a significant downregulation of target genes in both stems and flowers, indicating the successful transport of LDH-dsRNA from leaves to other parts of plants.ConclusionsLDH-NSs have proven to be a highly effective molecular tool for delivering dsRNA into intact plant cells, enabling accurate control of target gene expression.

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Pure Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide Film on Magnesium Alloys for Orthopedic Applications.

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