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Uncovering the transcriptional response of popcorn (Zea mays L. var. everta) under long-term aluminum toxicity.

ABSTRACT: To date, the investigation of genes involved in Al resistance has focused mainly on microarrays and short periods of Al exposure. We investigated genes involved in the global response under Al stress by tracking the expression profile of two inbred popcorn lines with different Al sensitivity during 72 h of Al stress. A total of 1003 differentially expressed genes were identified in the Al-sensitive line, and 1751 were identified in the Al-resistant line, of which 273 were shared in both lines. Genes in the category of "response to abiotic stress" were present in both lines, but there was a higher number in the Al-resistant line. Transcription factors, genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, and genes involved in cell wall modifications were also detected. In the Al-resistant line, GST6 was identified as one of the key hub genes by co-expression network analysis, and ABC6 may play a role in the downstream regulation of CASP-like 5. In addition, we suggest a class of SWEET transporters that might be involved in the regulation of vacuolar sugar storage and may serve as mechanisms for Al resistance. The results and conclusions expand our understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in Al toxicity and provide a platform for future functional analyses and genomic studies of Al stress in popcorn.

SUBMITTER: Pinto VB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8490451 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Climate change is expected to intensify water restriction to crops, impacting on the yield potential of crops such as popcorn. This work aimed to evaluate the performance of 10 field cultivated popcorn inbred lines during two growing seasons, under well-watered (WW) and water stressed (WS) (ψsoil≥ -1.5 MPa) conditions. Water stress was applied by withholding irrigation in the phenological phase of male pre-anthesis. Additionally, two contrasting inbred lines, P7 (superior line) and L75 (low performer) were compared for grain yield (GY) and expanded popcorn volume (EPV), selected from previous studies, were tested under greenhouse conditions. In the field, no genotype x water condition x crop season (G×WC×CS) interaction was observed, whereas GY (-51%), EPV (-55%) and leaf greenness (SPAD index) measured 17 days after anthesis (DAA) (> -10%) were highly affected by water limitation. In general, root traits (angles, number, and density) presented G×WC×CS interaction, which did not support their use as selection parameters. In relation to leaf senescence, for both WS and WW conditions, the superior inbred lines maintained a stay-green condition (higher SPAD index) until physiological maturity, but maximum SPAD index values were observed later in WW (48.7 by 14 DAA) than in WS (43.9 by 7 DAA). Under both water conditions, negative associations were observed between SPAD index values 15 and 8 days before anthesis DBA), and GY and EPV (r ≥ -0.69), as well as between SPAD index 7, 17, and 22 DAA, and angles of brace root (AB), number of crown roots (NC) and crown root density (CD), in WS (r ≥ -0.69), and AB and CD, in WW (r ≥ -0.70). Lower NC and CD values may allow further root deepening in WS conditions. Under WS P7 maintained higher net photosynthesis values, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, than L75. Additionally, L75 exhibited a lower (i.e., more negative) carbon isotope composition value than P7 under WS, confirming a lower stomatal aperture in L75. In summary, besides leaf greenness, traits related to leaf photosynthetic status, and stomatal conductance were shown to be good indicators of the agronomic performance of popcorn under water constraint.

Project description:Accumulation of stress ethylene in plants due to osmotic stress is a major challenge for the achievement of optimum sweet corn crop yield with limited availability of irrigation water. A significant increase in earth's temperature is also making the conditions more crucial regarding the availability of ample quantity of irrigation water for crops production. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can play an imperative role in this regard. Inoculation of rhizobacteria can provide resistance and adaptability to crops against osmotic stress. In addition, these rhizobacteria also have potential to solve future food security issues. That's why the current study was planned to examine the efficacious functioning of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains on yields and physiological characteristics of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var saccharata) under different levels of irrigation. Three irrigation levels i.e., 100% (I100 no stress), 80% (I80), and 60% (I60) were used during sweet corn cultivation. However, there were four rhizobacteria strains i.e., P. fluorescens P1, P. fluorescens P3, P. fluorescens P8, P. fluorescens P14 which were used in the experiment. The results showed that severe water stress (60% of plant water requirement) decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents, Fv/Fm ratio and nutrients uptake. A significant increase in F0, Fm, proline, total soluble sugars, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activity led to less ear yield and canned seed yield. Combination of four strains significantly increased the yield traits of sweet corn i.e., ear and (44%) and canned seed yield (27%) over control. The highest promoting effect was observed in the combination of four strains treatment and followed by P1 strain in reducing the harmful effects of drought stress and improving sweet corn productivity. However, P14 gave minimum improvement in growth and yield indices under limited availability of water. In conclusion, combination of four strains inoculation is an efficacious approach for the achievement of better yield of sweet corn under osmotic stress.

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Uncovering the transcriptional response of popcorn (Zea mays L. var. everta) under long-term aluminum toxicity.

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