Dataset Information

Simultaneous 3D Visualization of the Microvascular and Neural Network in Mouse Spinal Cord Using Synchrotron Radiation Micro-Computed Tomography.

ABSTRACT: Effective methods for visualizing neurovascular morphology are essential for understanding the normal spinal cord and the morphological alterations associated with diseases. However, ideal techniques for simultaneously imaging neurovascular structure in a broad region of a specimen are still lacking. In this study, we combined Golgi staining with angiography and synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) to visualize the 3D neurovascular network in the mouse spinal cord. Using our method, the 3D neurons, nerve fibers, and vasculature in a broad region could be visualized in the same image at cellular resolution without destructive sectioning. Besides, we found that the 3D morphology of neurons, nerve fiber tracts, and vasculature visualized by SRμCT were highly consistent with that visualized using the histological method. Moreover, the 3D neurovascular structure could be quantitatively evaluated by the combined methodology. The method shown here will be useful in fundamental neuroscience studies.

SUBMITTER: Jiang L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8490558 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Simultaneous 3D Visualization of the Microvascular and Neural Network in Mouse Spinal Cord Using Synchrotron Radiation Micro-Computed Tomography.

Jiang Liyuan L Li Chengjun C Li Miao M Yin Xianzhen X Wu Tianding T Duan Chunyue C Cao Yong Y Lu Hongbin H Hu Jianzhong J

Neuroscience bulletin 20210619 10

Effective methods for visualizing neurovascular morphology are essential for understanding the normal spinal cord and the morphological alterations associated with diseases. However, ideal techniques for simultaneously imaging neurovascular structure in a broad region of a specimen are still lacking. In this study, we combined Golgi staining with angiography and synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) to visualize the 3D neurovascular network in the mouse spinal cord. Using our m ...[more]

PMID: 34146232

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Project description:PurposeSpinal cord delineation is critical to the delivery of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Although underestimating the spinal cord can lead to irreversible myelopathy, overestimating the spinal cord may compromise the planning target volume coverage. We compare spinal cord contours based on computed tomography (CT) simulation with a myelogram to spinal cord contours based on fused axial T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods and materialsEight patients with 9 spinal metastases treated with spinal SBRT were contoured by 8 radiation oncologists, neurosurgeons, and physicists, with spinal cord definition based on (1) fused axial T2 MRI and (2) CT-myelogram simulation images, yielding 72 sets of spinal cord contours. The spinal cord volume was contoured at the target vertebral body volume based on both images. The mixed-effect model assessed comparisons of T2 MRI- to myelogram-defined spinal cord in centroid deviations (deviations in the center point of the cord) through the vertebral body target volume, spinal cord volumes, and maximum doses (0.035 cc point) to the spinal cord applying the patient's SBRT treatment plan, in addition to in-between and within-subject variabilities.ResultsThe estimate for the fixed effect from the mixed model showed that the mean difference between 72 CT volumes and 72 MRI volumes was 0.06 cc and was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval, -0.034, 0.153; P = .1832). The mixed model showed that the mean dose at 0.035 cc for CT-defined spinal cord contours was 1.24 Gy lower than that of MRI-defined spinal cord contours and was statistically significant (95% confidence interval, -2.292, -0.180; P = .0271). Also, the mixed model indicated no statistical significance for deviations in any of the axes between MRI-defined spinal cord contours and CT-defined spinal cord contours.ConclusionsCT myelogram may not be required when MRI imaging is feasible, although uncertainty at the cord-to-treatment volume interface may result in overcontouring and hence higher estimated cord dose-maximums with axial T2 MRI-based cord definition.

Project description:ImportanceThere is no imaging standard to model nasal cartilage for the planning of rhinoplasty procedures. Preoperative visualization of cartilage may improve objective evaluation of nasal deformities, surgical planning, and surgical reconstruction.ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of visualizing nasal cartilage using high resolution micro-computed tomography (CT) compared with the criterion standard of pathologic findings in a cadaveric specimen and to evaluate its accuracy compared with various clinical CT protocols.Design, setting, and participantsAnatomic study at the University of Washington using single human cadaveric nasal specimens performed from July 10, 2017, to March 30, 2018.InterventionsA micro-CT acquisition with 60-micron resolution was obtained of a nasal specimen. The specimen was then scanned with 5 different clinical CT protocols to span both clinical care and machine limits. The specimen was then sectioned in 5-mm axial slices for pathologic analysis.Main outcomes and measuresMicro-CT images were registered to pathologic specimen cross-sections using a graphite fiducial system. Cartilage substructures were manually segmented and analyzed. A library of matched images across the micro-CT and various clinical CT protocols was then developed. Region of interest analysis was performed for each of the cartilage structures and their boundaries on clinical CT protocols and micro-CT, with the outcome of mean (SD) density using Hounsfield units.ResultsA single human cadaveric nasal specimen was used to obtain the following results. Lower lateral cartilage, upper lateral cartilage, and septal cartilage were accurately delineated on the micro-CT images compared with pathologic findings. The mean absolute deviation from pathologic findings was 0.30 mm for septal cartilage thickness, 0.98 mm for maximal upper lateral cartilage length, and 1.40 mm for maximal lower lateral cartilage length. On clinical CT protocols, only septal cartilage was well discriminated from boundary. Higher radiation dose resulted in more accurate density measurements of cartilage, but it did not ultimately improve ability to discriminate cartilage.Conclusions and relevanceThe results of this anatomic study may represent a notable step toward advancing knowledge of the capabilities and pitfalls of nasal cartilage visualization on CT. Nasal cartilage visualization was feasible on the micro-CT compared with pathologic findings. Future research may further examine the barriers to accurately visualizing upper lateral cartilage and lower lateral cartilage, a prerequisite for clinical application.Level of evidenceNA.

Project description:IntroductionThe mechanisms of lung inflation and deflation are only partially known. Ventilatory strategies to support lung function rely upon the idea that lung alveoli are isotropic balloons that progressively inflate or deflate and that lung pressure/volume curves derive only by the interplay of critical opening pressures, critical closing pressures, lung history, and position of alveoli inside the lung. This notion has been recently challenged by subpleural microscopy, magnetic resonance, and computed tomography (CT). Phase-contrast synchrotron radiation CT (PC-SRCT) can yield in vivo images at resolutions higher than conventional CT.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the numerosity (ASden) and the extension of the surface of airspaces (ASext) in healthy conditions at different volumes, during stepwise lung deflation, in concentric regions of the lung.MethodsThe study was conducted in seven anesthetized New Zealand rabbits. They underwent PC-SRCT scans (resolution of 47.7 μm) of the lung at five decreasing positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels of 12, 9, 6, 3, and 0 cmH2O during end-expiratory holds. Three concentric regions of interest (ROIs) of the lung were studied: subpleural, mantellar, and core. The images were enhanced by phase contrast algorithms. ASden and ASext were computed by using the Image Processing Toolbox for MatLab. Statistical tests were used to assess any significant difference determined by PEEP or ROI on ASden and ASext.ResultsWhen reducing PEEP, in each ROI the ASden significantly decreased. Conversely, ASext variation was not significant except for the core ROI. In the latter, the angular coefficient of the regression line was significantly low.ConclusionThe main mechanism behind the decrease in lung volume at PEEP reduction is derecruitment. In our study involving lung regions laying on isogravitational planes and thus equally influenced by gravitational forces, airspace numerosity and extension of surface depend on the local mechanical properties of the lung.

Dataset Information

Simultaneous 3D Visualization of the Microvascular and Neural Network in Mouse Spinal Cord Using Synchrotron Radiation Micro-Computed Tomography.

Publications

Simultaneous 3D Visualization of the Microvascular and Neural Network in Mouse Spinal Cord Using Synchrotron Radiation Micro-Computed Tomography.

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