Scientific prizes and the extraordinary growth of scientific topics.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Jin C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8492701 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:The increase in the size of the scientific community created an explosion in scientific production. We have analyzed the dynamics of biomedical scientific output during 1957-2007 by applying a bibliometric analysis of the PubMed database using different keywords representing specific biomedical topics. With the assumption that increased scientific interest will result in increased scientific output, we compared the output of specific topics to that of all scientific output. This analysis resulted in three broad categories of topics; those that follow the general trend of all scientific output, those that show highly variable output, and attractive topics which are new and grow explosively. The analysis of the citation impact of the scientific output resulted in a typical longtail distribution: the majority of journals and articles are of very low impact. This distribution has remained unchanged since 1957, although the interests of scientists must have shifted in this period. We therefore analyzed the distribution of articles in top journals and lower impact journals over time for the attractive topics. Novelty is rewarded by publication in top journals. Over time more articles are published in low impact journals progressively creating the longtail distribution, signifying acceptance of the topic by the community. There can be a gap of years between novelty and acceptance. Within topics temporary novelty is created with new subtopics. In conclusion, the longtail distribution is the foundation of the scientific output of the scientific community and can be used to examine different aspects of science practice.
| S-EPMC2721680 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Wikipedia has quickly become one of the most frequently accessed encyclopedic references, despite the ease with which content can be changed and the potential for 'edit wars' surrounding controversial topics. Little is known about how this potential for controversy affects the accuracy and stability of information on scientific topics, especially those with associated political controversy. Here we present an analysis of the Wikipedia edit histories for seven scientific articles and show that topics we consider politically but not scientifically "controversial" (such as evolution and global warming) experience more frequent edits with more words changed per day than pages we consider "noncontroversial" (such as the standard model in physics or heliocentrism). For example, over the period we analyzed, the global warming page was edited on average (geometric mean ±SD) 1.9±2.7 times resulting in 110.9±10.3 words changed per day, while the standard model in physics was only edited 0.2±1.4 times resulting in 9.4±5.0 words changed per day. The high rate of change observed in these pages makes it difficult for experts to monitor accuracy and contribute time-consuming corrections, to the possible detriment of scientific accuracy. As our society turns to Wikipedia as a primary source of scientific information, it is vital we read it critically and with the understanding that the content is dynamic and vulnerable to vandalism and other shenanigans.
| S-EPMC4537301 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Resonance is generally used as a metaphor to describe the manner how the information from different sources is combined. Although it is an attractive and fundamental phenomenon in human behavior studies, most studies observed semantic resonances in well-controlled experimental settings at word level. To make up the missing link between word and document level resonances, we devoted our contributions to topic resonances in a novel and natural setting: academic commentaries. Ninety-three academic commentaries from ninety-three authors, along with their references and original papers, are analyzed by a latent Dirichlet allocation based natural language processing approach. This approach can decompose a corpus written and read by an author into several topics with different weights, which can reveal the phenomena ignored at word or document level. We found that (1) topic resonances commonly exist between commenters' fundamental input and output topics; (2) output words are re-allocated by commenters to echo salient input topics; (3) commenters are more prone to associate references which focus on the non-dominant input topics; and (4) topic resonance can even be predicted by a Hebbian-like model which matches the aforementioned findings. These findings will continue to enrich our understanding on the relationship among probe, feedback and context.
| S-EPMC6019969 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: The SYMBIOmatics Specific Support Action (SSA) is "an information gathering and dissemination activity" that seeks "to identify synergies between the bioinformatics and the medical informatics" domain to improve collaborative progress between both domains (ref. to http://www.symbiomatics.org). As part of the project experts in both research fields will be identified and approached through a survey. To provide input to the survey, the scientific literature was analysed to extract topics relevant to both medical informatics and bioinformatics. RESULTS: This paper presents results of a systematic analysis of the scientific literature from medical informatics research and bioinformatics research. In the analysis pairs of words (bigrams) from the leading bioinformatics and medical informatics journals have been used as indication of existing and emerging technologies and topics over the period 2000-2005 ("recent") and 1990-1990 ("past"). We identified emerging topics that were equally important to bioinformatics and medical informatics in recent years such as microarray experiments, ontologies, open source, text mining and support vector machines. Emerging topics that evolved only in bioinformatics were system biology, protein interaction networks and statistical methods for microarray analyses, whereas emerging topics in medical informatics were grid technology and tissue microarrays. CONCLUSION: We conclude that although both fields have their own specific domains of interest, they share common technological developments that tend to be initiated by new developments in biotechnology and computer science.
| S-EPMC1885847 | biostudies-other
Project description:The haploid genome of the pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici is contained on "core" and "accessory" chromosomes. While 13 core chromosomes are found in all strains, as many as eight accessory chromosomes show presence/absence variation and rearrangements among field isolates. The factors influencing these presence/absence polymorphisms are so far unknown. We investigated chromosome stability using experimental evolution, karyotyping, and genome sequencing. We report extremely high and variable rates of accessory chromosome loss during mitotic propagation in vitro and in planta Spontaneous chromosome loss was observed in 2 to >50% of cells during 4 weeks of incubation. Similar rates of chromosome loss in the closely related Zymoseptoria ardabiliae suggest that this extreme chromosome dynamic is a conserved phenomenon in the genus. Elevating the incubation temperature greatly increases instability of accessory and even core chromosomes, causing severe rearrangements involving telomere fusion and chromosome breakage. Chromosome losses do not affect the fitness of Zymoseptoria tritici in vitro, but some lead to increased virulence, suggesting an adaptive role of this extraordinary chromosome instability.
| S-EPMC6216587 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWorldwide, veterinary practitioners and students are reported to be at higher risk of suicide, burnout, and depression compared to other occupational groups. The aim of the current study was to apply text mining and topic modelling analysis on scientific literature regarding suicide, burnout, and depression among veterinary practitioners and students to extract meaningful and synthetic information. These statistical approaches can be used to comprehend more in deep the phenomena involving veterinarians and veterinary students and to suggest the potential changes needed in admission to veterinary school, veterinary curricula, and post-graduation initiatives as preventive actions.ResultsA systematic search protocol was set up to identify scientific literature that published on the topic from 1985 to 2019. Two-hundred-eleven records were selected with abstracts/texts submitted to text mining and topic modelling analysis. Student, stress, work, anim*, and euthanasia resulted the most frequent terms. Topics modelling allowed to differentiate groups of words and papers in 3 areas of interest: 1) students' difficulties encountered during their studies that increase stress and anxiety impairing their psychological health; 2) exposure to death and euthanasia as risk factor for mental health; and 3) need of support among those providing medical and health care, and of supportive group work to cope with such profession.ConclusionBased on the most frequent words included in the clouds and on the contents of the papers clusterised in them, some suggestions are interfered. It is emphasized that the veterinary curricula should include courses that prepare them early to deal with animal death and post-death grief of pet owners, to handle ethical dilemmas and moral stressors, to communicate with clients and staff members, to work in team, to balance work-family life and to promote individual and team resources. Specific courses for veterinary practitioners could keep them updated on their new roles and ways to handle them among functioning as potential feedbacks to monitor their psychological wellbeing.
| S-EPMC8419380 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Some acronyms are useful and are widely understood, but many of the acronyms used in scientific papers hinder understanding and contribute to the increasing fragmentation of science. Here we report the results of an analysis of more than 24 million article titles and 18 million article abstracts published between 1950 and 2019. There was at least one acronym in 19% of the titles and 73% of the abstracts. Acronym use has also increased over time, but the re-use of acronyms has declined. We found that from more than one million unique acronyms in our data, just over 2,000 (0.2%) were used regularly, and most acronyms (79%) appeared fewer than 10 times. Acronyms are not the biggest current problem in science communication, but reducing their use is a simple change that would help readers and potentially increase the value of science.
| S-EPMC7556863 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Understanding of TMZ therapy during and after treatment in a mouse model
2023-08-10 | GSE227348 | GEO
Project description:Skeletal muscles are a diverse family of highly specialized tissues that perform a wide array of physiological activities and maintain whole-body glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. Functional diversity is a distinctive feature of muscle tissues, which demonstrate remarkable variability in their speed of contraction, metabolic profile, resistance to fatigue, and regenerative capacity. Unsurprisingly, many disorders of skeletal muscle afflict a remarkably specific subset of tissues, including muscular dystrophies, cancer cachexia, aging sarcopenia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Taken as a whole, these observations indicate that specific genetic programs establish and maintain physiological specialization of muscle tissues. Elucidating these genetic programs is essential to understanding muscle specialization and propensity for disease. Nevertheless, most global profiling studies performed to-date have not directly addressed intrinsic variability between different muscle tissues. This gap in the literature is particularly glaring for more sophisticated mechanisms of gene expression regulation such as circadian control, post-transcriptional regulation and non-coding RNA expression, despite their well-established roles in many disease mechanisms. In an effort to understand the variability present within specific skeletal muscles with respect to gene expression, our lab has performed RNA-Seq on a variety of skeletal muscle tissues.
2018-05-18 | GSE100505 | GEO
Project description:Fabry disease is a rare inborn error of the enzyme α-galactosidase (α-Gal) and results in lysosomal substrate accumulation in tissues with a wide range of clinical presentations. The disease has attracted a lot of interest over the last years, in particular since enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has become widely available in 2001. With rising awareness and rising numbers of (diagnosed) patients, physicians encounter new challenges. Over 900 α-Gal gene mutations are currently known, some with doubtful clinical significance, posing diagnostic and prognostic difficulties for the clinician and a lot of uncertainty for patients. Another challenge are patients who develop neutralising antibodies to ERT, which possibly leads to reduced therapy effectiveness. In this article, we summarise the latest developments in the science community regarding diagnostics and management of this rare lysosomal storage disorder and offer an outlook to future treatments.
| S-EPMC6581083 | biostudies-literature