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Obesity and risk for hypertension and diabetes among Kenyan adults: Results from a national survey.

ABSTRACT:

Abstract

Despite the anticipated growth in the global burden of obesity especially in low-income countries, limited data exist on the contribution of obesity to cardiometabolic diseases in Africa.We examined population-based samples of Kenyan adults who participated in the 2015 national chronic disease risk factor surveillance survey. Weight and height were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated and used as a measure for general obesity. Waist circumference (WC), a clinical measure of central obesity was also measured. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between obesity with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia risk.Of the 4276 participants, the median (IQR) age was 36 (27-47) years, 41% were men. One-third (37%) of the participants were centrally obese, whereas 10% were generally obese. The odds for overweight and general obesity were highest among females, adults >40 years, and those in the highest wealth quartile. Central and general obesity, assessed by WC and BMI, were associated with hypertension and dyslipidemia but not diabetes for both sexes. Compared with adults of normal weight, individuals with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 had an odds ratio of 2.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-3.12) for hypertension and 2.24 (95% CI, 1.70-2.96) for dyslipidemia.Obesity prevalence is high in Kenya and is associated with hypertension and dyslipidemia but not diabetes. Our findings indicate an urgent need to develop public health interventions to address obesity and prevent the development of comorbid conditions.

SUBMITTER: Temu TM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8500651 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND: As countries develop economically, an "epidemiological transition" occurs whereby a set of chronic diseases increasingly becomes a country's health challenge. Against this background, this paper examines the most common conditions associated with the prevalence of diabetes in Qatar, with a specific focus on the diabetes-obesity-hypertension nexus. METHODS: We analyzed data from the World Health Organization's World Health Survey conducted in the State of Qatar in 2006. The survey included demographic, anthropometric, and blood chemistry measurements. Using multivariate logistical regression analysis, we assessed the most common conditions associated with diabetes, using both objective and subjective measures of diabetes. The objective measures relied on random blood sugar tests, and the subjective measure included respondents who affirmatively answered the question on diabetes diagnosis. We repeated our analysis on respondents who had blood glucose levels high enough to be considered diabetic/glucose intolerant but did not answer affirmatively on the question of diabetes diagnosis. RESULTS: WHEN USING THE OBJECTIVE MEASURE OF DIABETES, THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS APPEARED SIGNIFICANT: obesity (OR?=?1.5, 95% CI?=?1.2 - 1.9), higher income (OR?=?1.4, 95% CI?=?1.0 - 1.9), high cholesterol (OR?=?1.4, 95% CI?=?1.0 - 1.9), having Qatari origin (OR?=?1.3, 95% CI?=?1.0 - 1.7), and increasing systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120-139 mmHg (OR?=?1.5, 95% CI?=?1.2 - 2.0), SBP 140-159 mmHg (OR?=?2.2, 95% CI?=?1.6 - 3.1), SBP?>?160 mmHg (OR?=?3.2, 95% CI?=?2.0 - 5.3). Similar results were obtained using the subjective measure of diabetes as a dependent variable. When applied to the group of respondents that included pre-diabetics and those who did not know they were diabetic, obesity and hypertension appeared as the only statistically significant explanatory variables. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and especially obesity is documented among residents of Qatar. Further steps are required to tackle the most common conditions associated with the rising diabetes epidemic in the country, which might also pose significant fiscal challenges in the future.

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Obesity and risk for hypertension and diabetes among Kenyan adults: Results from a national survey.

Abstract

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