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Screening of Solanum (sections Lycopersicon and Juglandifolia) germplasm for reactions to the tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV)

ABSTRACT: The reaction of 636 Solanum (sections Lycopersicon and Juglandifolia) accessions were evaluated under greenhouse conditions after mechanical inoculation with a Jordanian isolate of the new tobamovirus tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV). Local and systemic infections were assayed by symptoms evaluation and virus detection via biotests and RT-PCR. All cultivated tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and the great majority of wild tomato accessions proved susceptible to ToBRFV. They showed a wide range of symptoms (mosaic, leaf deformations, mottling, shoestring, and stunting). Twenty-six accessions representing S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, S. pimpinellifolium, S. habrochaites, and S. chilense were tolerant. High levels of resistance have been demonstrated in three accessions of S. ochrantum, a close relative to wild tomatoes (member of the sect. Juglandifolia) not only to ToBRFV but also to the tobamoviruses, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). After mechanical inoculation, the three tobamoviruses could be detected only in inoculated leaves in the accessions LA2160, LA2162, and LA 2166, which remained symptomless. However, two other S. ochrantum accessions PI 473,498 and PI 230,519 reacted unusually. They were demonstrated highly resistant to TMV and ToMV, but proved transiently susceptible to ToBRFV showing mild systemic mosaic followed by total recovery from symptoms and the virus.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41348-021-00535-x.

SUBMITTER: Jewehan A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8501354 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:During the growing season of 2021-2022, a total of 145 symptomatic tomato leaf and fruit samples were collected from different locations in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia, showing a moderate-to-severe mosaic with dark green wrinkling, blistering, narrowing, and deformation with necrosis spot on tomato leaves, while irregular brown necrotic lesions, deformation, and yellowing spots rendering the fruits non-marketable were observed on tomato fruits. These samples were tested serologically against important tomato viruses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the obtained results showed that 52.4% of symptomatic tomato samples were found positive for Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), wherein 12 out of 76 samples were singly infected; however, 64 out of 145 had mixed infection. A sample with a single infection of ToBRFV was used for mechanical inoculation into a range of different host plants; symptoms were observed weekly, and the presence of the ToBRFV was confirmed by ELISA and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total RNA was extracted from selected ELISA-positive samples, and RT-PCR was carried out using specific primers F-3666 and R-4718, which amplified a fragment of 1052 bp. RT-PCR products were sequenced in both directions, and partial genome nucleotide sequences were submitted to GenBank under the following accession numbers: MZ130501, MZ130502, and MZ130503. BLAST analysis of Saudi isolates of ToBRFV showed that the sequence shared nucleotide identities (99-99.5%) among them and 99-100% identity with ToBRFV isolates in different countries. A ToBRFV isolate (MZ130503) was selected for mechanical inoculation and to evaluate symptom severity responses of 13 commonly grown tomato cultivars in Saudi Arabia. All of the tomato cultivars showed a wide range of symptoms. The disease severity index of the tested cultivars ranged between 52% and 96%. The importance ToBRFV disease severity and its expanding host range due to its resistance breaking ability was discussed.

Dataset Information

Screening of Solanum (sections Lycopersicon and Juglandifolia) germplasm for reactions to the tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV)

Supplementary Information

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