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Tree-ring chronology data of non-native Pinus kesiya (Royle ex Gordon) in Zambia

ABSTRACT: Although Pinus kesiya (Royle ex Gordon) is endemic to South Asia, where it grows naturally in pure stands, its growth trajectory in Zambia has not been evaluated. It is estimated that half of the P. kesiya plantation total area is found close to the Copper mine smelters, and the other half is in remote locations approximately 30 km away from the mining activities. Variation in tree growth of non-native P. kesiya forests between these locations in Zambia has been observed, but the causes are unknown. We tested the hypotheses that (i) P. kesiya annual tree-rings are cross-datable, (ii) the signals and noise in the growth ring patterns are modulated by variations in precipitation, temperature, solar radiation, and site conditions. We collected data from 67 trees growing close to the emission source and also in the location 30 km away. Site-specific tree ring-width data was collected and chronology built for P. kesiya. We present ring-width chronology data that may be used to infer the radial growth periodicity of P. keskya at each site. The re-use potential of the data presented includes developing carbon sequestration, yield, and growth models and assessing forest resilience to climate change. It is also intended to enhance the understanding of tree growth and productivity dynamics of non-native pine species. See the article "Assessing cross-datable distinct annual growth rings in non-native Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon in Zambia” for more information.

SUBMITTER: Ng'andwe P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8503584 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:500 years of ancient Near Eastern history from the earlier second millennium BCE, including such pivotal figures as Hammurabi of Babylon, Šamši-Adad I (who conquered Aššur) and Zimrilim of Mari, has long floated in calendar time subject to rival chronological schemes up to 150+ years apart. Texts preserved on clay tablets provide much information, including some astronomical references, but despite 100+ years of scholarly effort, chronological resolution has proved impossible. Documents linked with specific Assyrian officials and rulers have been found and associated with archaeological wood samples at Kültepe and Acemhöyük in Turkey, and offer the potential to resolve this long-running problem. Here we show that previous work using tree-ring dating to place these timbers in absolute time has fundamental problems with key dendrochronological crossdates due to small sample numbers in overlapping years and insufficient critical assessment. To address, we have integrated secure dendrochronological sequences directly with radiocarbon (14C) measurements to achieve tightly resolved absolute (calendar) chronological associations and identify the secure links of this tree-ring chronology with the archaeological-historical evidence. The revised tree-ring-sequenced 14C time-series for Kültepe and Acemhöyük is compatible only with the so-called Middle Chronology and not with the rival High, Low or New Chronologies. This finding provides a robust resolution to a century of uncertainty in Mesopotamian chronology and scholarship, and a secure basis for construction of a coherent timeframe and history across the Near East and East Mediterranean in the earlier second millennium BCE. Our re-dating also affects an unusual tree-ring growth anomaly in wood from Porsuk, Turkey, previously tentatively associated with the Minoan eruption of the Santorini volcano. This tree-ring growth anomaly is now directly dated ~1681-1673 BCE (68.2% highest posterior density range), ~20 years earlier than previous assessments, indicating that it likely has no association with the subsequent Santorini volcanic eruption.

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Tree-ring chronology data of non-native Pinus kesiya (Royle ex Gordon) in Zambia

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