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Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth Promote Hair Regeneration in Mouse.

ABSTRACT: Stem cells in different types may interact with each other to maintain homeostasis or growth and the interactions are complicated and extensive. There is increasing evidence that mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in early morphogenesis stages of both tooth and hair follicles show many similarities. In order to explore whether stem cells from one tissue could interact with cells from another tissue, a series of experiments were carried out. Here we successfully extracted and identified stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) of 8-12 years old kids, and then found that SHED could promote hair regeneration in a mouse model. In vitro, SHED shortened the hair regeneration cycle and promoted the proliferation and aggregation of dermal cells. In vivo, when SHED and skin cells of C57 mice were subcutaneously co-transplanted to nude mice, more hair was formed than skin cells without SHED. To further explore the molecular mechanism, epidermal and dermal cells were freshly extracted and co-cultured with SHED. Then several signaling molecules in hair follicle regeneration were detected and we found that the expression of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and Glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) was up-regulated. It seems that SHED may boost the prosperity of hairs by increase Shh/Gli1 pathway, which brings new perspectives in tissue engineering and damaged tissue repairing.

SUBMITTER: Zhang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8512255 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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SHED: stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.

Project description:To isolate high-quality human postnatal stem cells from accessible resources is an important goal for stem-cell research. In this study we found that exfoliated human deciduous tooth contains multipotent stem cells [stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED)]. SHED were identified to be a population of highly proliferative, clonogenic cells capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types including neural cells, adipocytes, and odontoblasts. After in vivo transplantation, SHED were found to be able to induce bone formation, generate dentin, and survive in mouse brain along with expression of neural markers. Here we show that a naturally exfoliated human organ contains a population of stem cells that are completely different from previously identified stem cells. SHED are not only derived from a very accessible tissue resource but are also capable of providing enough cells for potential clinical application. Thus, exfoliated teeth may be an unexpected unique resource for stem-cell therapies including autologous stem-cell transplantation and tissue engineering.

| S-EPMC156282 | biostudies-literature

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by Secretomes of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth.

Project description:Peripheral nerve regeneration across nerve gaps is often suboptimal, with poor functional recovery. Stem cell transplantation-based regenerative therapy is a promising approach for axon regeneration and functional recovery of peripheral nerve injury; however, the mechanisms remain controversial and unclear. Recent studies suggest that transplanted stem cells promote tissue regeneration through a paracrine mechanism. We investigated the effects of conditioned media derived from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-CM) on peripheral nerve regeneration. In vitro, SHED-CM-treated Schwann cells exhibited significantly increased proliferation, migration, and the expression of neuron-, extracellular matrix (ECM)-, and angiogenesis-related genes. SHED-CM stimulated neuritogenesis of dorsal root ganglia and increased cell viability. Similarly, SHED-CM enhanced tube formation in an angiogenesis assay. In vivo, a 10-mm rat sciatic nerve gap model was bridged by silicon conduits containing SHED-CM or serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Light and electron microscopy confirmed that the number of myelinated axons and axon-to-fiber ratio (G-ratio) were significantly higher in the SHED-CM group at 12 weeks after nerve transection surgery. The sciatic functional index (SFI) and gastrocnemius (target muscle) wet weight ratio demonstrated functional recovery. Increased compound muscle action potentials and increased SFI in the SHED-CM group suggested sciatic nerve reinnervation of the target muscle and improved functional recovery. We also observed reduced muscle atrophy in the SHED-CM group. Thus, SHEDs may secrete various trophic factors that enhance peripheral nerve regeneration through multiple mechanisms. SHED-CM may therefore provide a novel therapy that creates a more desirable extracellular microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration.

| S-EPMC4652186 | biostudies-literature

Immunomodulatory properties of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.

Project description:IntroductionStem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have been identified as a population of postnatal stem cells capable of differentiating into osteogenic and odontogenic cells, adipogenic cells, and neural cells. Herein we have characterized mesenchymal stem cell properties of SHED in comparison to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs).MethodsWe used in vitro stem cell analysis approaches, including flow cytometry, inductive differentiation, telomerase activity, and Western blot analysis to assess multipotent differentiation of SHED and in vivo implantation to assess tissue regeneration of SHED. In addition, we utilized systemic SHED transplantation to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like MRL/lpr mice.ResultsWe found that SHED are capable of differentiating into osteogenic and adipogenic cells, expressing mesenchymal surface molecules (STRO-1, CD146, SSEA4, CD73, CD105, and CD166), and activating multiple signaling pathways, including TGFbeta, ERK, Akt, Wnt, and PDGF. Recently, BMMSCs were shown to possess an immunomodulatory function that leads to successful therapies for immune diseases. We examined the immunomodulatory properties of SHED in comparison to BMMSCs and found that SHED had significant effects on inhibiting T helper 17 (Th17) cells in vitro. Moreover, we found that SHED transplantation is capable of effectively reversing SLE-associated disorders in MRL/lpr mice. At the cellular level, SHED transplantation elevated the ratio of regulatory T cells (Tregs) via Th17 cells.ConclusionsThese data suggest that SHED are an accessible and feasible mesenchymal stem cell source for treating immune disorders like SLE.

| S-EPMC2873699 | biostudies-literature

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth as an alternative cell source in bio-root regeneration.

Project description:A stem cell-mediated bioengineered tooth root (bio-root) has proven to be a prospective tool for the treatment of tooth loss. As shown in our previous studies, dental follicle cells (DFCs) are suitable seeding cells for the construction of bio-roots. However, the DFCs which can only be obtained from unerupted tooth germ are restricted. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), which are harvested much more easily through a minimally invasive procedure, may be used as an alternative seeding cell. In this case, we compared the odontogenic characteristics of DFCs and SHEDs in bio-root regeneration. Methods: The biological characteristics of SHEDs and DFCs were determined in vitro. The cells were then induced to secrete abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) and form macroscopic cell sheets. We combined the cell sheets with treated dentin matrix (TDM) for subcutaneous transplantation into nude mice and orthotopic jaw bone implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats to further verify their regenerative potential. Results: DFCs exhibited a higher proliferation rate and stronger osteogenesis and adipogenesis capacities, while SHEDs displayed increased migration ability and excellent neurogenic potential. Both dental follicle cell sheets (DFCSs) and sheets of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDSs) expressed not only ECM proteins but also osteogenic and odontogenic proteins. Importantly, similar to DFCSs/TDM, SHEDSs/TDM also successfully achieved the in vivo regeneration of the periodontal tissues, which consist of periodontal ligament fibers, blood vessels and new born alveolar bone. Conclusions: Both SHEDs and DFCs possessed a similar odontogenic differentiation capacity in vivo, and SHEDs were regarded as a prospective seeding cell for use in bio-root regeneration in the future.

| S-EPMC6525984 | biostudies-literature

Inorganic Pyrophosphate influence Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Project description:To explore the cellular response of stem cell derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in response to inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). SHED was extracted from human primary exfoliated teeth. The cellular responses including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, transcriptomic expression was investigated afterward PPi treatment at the distinct concentration. Additionally, Alizarin red, oil red O, and alcian blue staining were performed to evaluate the multipotency. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) had no although effect on cell cycle, yet enhanced migratory cell, compared to control. Additionally, PPi abolished the gene expression of osteogenic genes and also calcium deposition. Interestingly, the inhibition of mineralization by PPi was not reversed though Pi3K and MAPK family, including ERK, P38, and JNK signalling pathway. On the contrary, PPi induced the ALPL and COL1A1 gene expression and reduced RANKL mRNA and protein in the condition medium, resulting in a decrease of osteoclast formation. The transcriptomic profiles illustrated PPi modulated interferon ⍺/ , TGF-β1, NOTCH signalling pathway, and metabolism of lipid. In summary, our study revealed that PPi enhanced migratory ability, however inhibited osteo/odontogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. This study implicated that PPi can modulate cellular responses of SHED.

2024-12-05 | GSE281644 | GEO

Vascularized pulp regeneration via injecting simvastatin functionalized GelMA cryogel microspheres loaded with stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.

Project description:Dental pulp necrosis are serious pathologic entities that causes tooth nutrition deficiency and abnormal root development, while regeneration of functional pulp tissue is of paramount importance to regain tooth vitality. However, existing clinical treatments, which focus on replacing the necrotic pulp tissue with inactive filling materials, fail to restore pulp vitality and functions, thus resulting in a devitalized and weakened tooth. Currently, dental pulp regeneration via stem cell-based therapy for pulpless teeth has raised enormous attention to restore the functional pulp. Here, a novel design of injectable simvastatin (SIM) functionalized gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) cryogel microspheres (SMS) loaded with stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) was established to refine SHEDs biological behaviors and promote in vivo vascularized pulp-like tissue regeneration. In this system, SIM encapsulated poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles were incorporated into GelMA cryogel microspheres via cryogelation and O1/W/O2 emulsion method. SMS with sustained release of SIM promoted SHEDs adhesion, proliferation and exhibited cell protection properties during the injection process. Furthermore, SMS enhanced SHEDs odontogenic differentiation and angiogenic potential, and SHEDs loaded SMS (SHEDs/SMS) are beneficial for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) migration and angiogenesis, demonstrating their potential for use in promoting vascularized tissue regeneration. SHEDs/SMS complexes were injected into cleaned human tooth root segments for subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. Our results demonstrated that SHEDs/SMS could induce vessel-rich pulp-like tissue regeneration in vivo and that such an injectable nano-in-micro multistage system for the controlled delivery of bioactive reagents would be suitable for clinical application in endodontic regenerative dentistry.

| S-EPMC8841886 | biostudies-literature

Therapeutic benefits of factors derived from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth for radiation-induced mouse xerostomia.

Project description:Radiation therapy for head and neck cancers is frequently associated with adverse effects on the surrounding normal tissue. Irreversible damage to radiation-sensitive acinar cells in the salivary gland (SG) causes severe radiation-induced xerostomia (RIX). Currently, there are no effective drugs for treating RIX. We investigated the efficacy of treatment with conditioned medium derived from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-CM) in a mouse RIX model. Intravenous administration of SHED-CM, but not fibroblast-CM (Fibro-CM), prevented radiation-induced cutaneous ulcer formation (p < 0.0001) and maintained SG function (p < 0.0001). SHED-CM treatment enhanced the expression of multiple antioxidant genes in mouse RIX and human acinar cells and strongly suppressed radiation-induced oxidative stress. The therapeutic effects of SHED-CM were abolished by the superoxide dismutase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate (p < 0.0001). Notably, quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry shotgun proteomics of SHED-CM and Fibro-CM identified eight proteins activating the endogenous antioxidant system, which were more abundant in SHED-CM than in Fibro-CM (p < 0.0001). Neutralizing antibodies against those activators reduced antioxidant activity of SHED-CM (anti-PDGF-D; p = 0.0001, anti-HGF; p = 0.003). Our results suggest that SHED-CM may provide substantial therapeutic benefits for RIX primarily through the activation of multiple antioxidant enzyme genes in the target tissue.

| S-EPMC9932159 | biostudies-literature

Isolation, characterization and multi-lineage differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.

Project description:The aim of the present study was to isolate stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and identify their phenotypes and multi‑lineage differentiation potential. Three SHED cell strains were successfully isolated from three exfoliated deciduous teeth from different human subjects using the outgrowth method. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that SHEDs displayed high expression of the mesenchymal cell markers CD73 and CD90 but low expression of the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34. PCR analysis illustrated that SHEDs expressed the mesenchymal stem cell markers CD44, CD73 and CD90, the osteoblast markers Alpl, Runx2, CBFA1 and collagen Ⅰ, the cartilage cell markers Col10a1 and Acan, the adipose cell markers PPARγ2 and LPL, and the neuronal stem cell marker Nestin. In vitro induction experiments demonstrated the potential of the SHEDs for osteogenic, adipogenic and neurogenic differentiation. These SHED cells may be useful for further stem cell research and future therapeutic applications.

| S-EPMC4918624 | biostudies-literature

Comparative analysis of proliferation and differentiation potentials of stem cells from inflamed pulp of deciduous teeth and stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth.

Project description:Stem cells isolated from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are highly capable of proliferation and differentiation, and they represent good cell sources for mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) mediated dental tissue regeneration, but the supply of SHEDs is limited. A previous study found that stem cells could be isolated from inflamed tissues, but it is unknown whether primary dental pulp diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis might contain stem cells with appropriate tissue regeneration capacity. In this study, we aimed to isolate stem cells from both inflamed pulps of deciduous teeth (SCIDs) and SHEDs from Chinese children and to compare their proliferation and differentiation potentials. Our results showed that SCIDs were positive for cell surface markers, including CD105, CD90, and CD146, and they had high proliferation ability and osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials. There was no significant difference in proliferation and differentiation potentials between SCIDs and SHEDs. The mRNA of inflammatory factors, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, was expressed at similar levels in SCIDs and SHEDs, but SCIDs secreted more TNF-α protein. In conclusion, our in vitro results showed that SCIDs have proliferation and differentiation potentials similar to those of SHEDs. Thus, SCIDs represent a new potentially applicable source for MSC mediated tissue regeneration.

| S-EPMC4090480 | biostudies-literature

Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth in Models of Acute Kidney Injury.

Project description:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition associated with high mortality. However, the available treatments for AKI are limited. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have recently gained attention as a novel source of stem cells. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether SHED have a therapeutic effect on AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury.The left renal artery and vein of the mice were clamped for 20 min to induce ischemia. SHED, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) were administered into the subrenal capsule. To confirm the potency of SHED in vitro, H2O2 stimulation assays and scratch assays were performed.The serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels of the SHED group were significantly lower than those of the control group, while BMMSC showed no therapeutic effect. Infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the kidney was significantly attenuated in mice treated with SHED. Cytokine levels (MIP-2, IL-1?, and MCP-1) in mice kidneys were significantly reduced in the SHED group. In in vitro experiments, SHED significantly decreased MCP-1 secretion in tubular epithelial cells (TEC) stimulated with H2O2. In addition, SHED promoted wound healing in the scratch assays, which was blunted by anti-HGF antibodies.SHED attenuated the levels of inflammatory cytokines and improved kidney function in AKI induced by IRI. SHED secreted factors reduced MCP-1 and increased HGF expression, which promoted wound healing. These results suggest that SHED might provide a novel stem cell resource, which can be applied for the treatment of ischemic kidney injury.

| S-EPMC4625005 | biostudies-literature

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