Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Assay-Screened Isolation and Molecular Docking Model from Bauhinia pulla Active Compounds.
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SUBMITTER: Dej-Adisai S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8512368 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Shortage in insulin secretion or degradation of produced insulin is the principal characteristic of the metabolic disorder of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, because the current medications for the treatment of DM have many detrimental side effects, it is necessary to develop more effective antidiabetic drugs with minimal side effects. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitors are directly implicated in the delay of carbohydrate digestion. Pharmacologically, these inhibitors could be targeted for the reduction in glucose absorption rate and, subsequently, decreasing the postprandial rise in plasma glucose and the risk for long-term diabetes complications. The main objectives of this research study were to isolate different phytochemical constituents present in the methanolic extract of Plectranthusecklonii and evaluate their alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities and antioxidant capacity. The phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of P. ecklonii yielded three known compounds, viz. parvifloron D, F, and G (1-3, respectively). Parvifloron G was isolated for the first time from P. ecklonii. The in vitro bio-evaluation of the methanolic extract of P. ecklonii and its isolated compounds against alpha-glucosidase showed that 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 41.3 ± 1.2 μg/mL. Molecular docking analysis confirmed the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity demonstrated by 3. Additionally, strong antioxidant capacities were demonstrated by 3 and 1 on ORAC (28726.1 ± 8.1; 3942.9.6.6 ± 0.1 µM TE/g), respectively, which were comparable with the reference antioxidant epigallocatechingallate (EGCG). Furthermore, 3 also showed strong activity on TEAC (3526.1 ± 0.6 µM TE/g), followed by 2 (1069.3 ± 2.4 µM TE/g), as well as on FRAP (1455.4 ± 2.0 µM AAE/g). The methanolic extract of P. ecklonii is a rich source of abietane diterpenes with strong antioxidant activities. This is the first scientific report on alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities, molecular docking, and antioxidant capacities of P. ecklonii constituents.
| S-EPMC8869333 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionBioactive compounds from traditional medicines are good alternatives to standard diabetes therapies and may lead to new therapeutic discoveries. The stems of Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib. (BC) have a possible antihyperglycemic effect; However, the extraction of astilbin from BC has never been recorded in alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities.MethodsUsing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 32 compounds were detected in the BC extract. The screening was based on peak area. Seven compounds found. PASS recognized all seven compounds as potential alpha-glucosidase (AG) inhibitors. Astilbin and quercetin 3-rhamnoside were the most likely inhibitors of AG. Arguslab, AutoDock, and AutoDock Vina investigated the binding of the two compounds and AG. The binding stability was confirmed by molecular dynamics (MD). In addition, the optimum solvent extraction was studied via CosmoQuick, and extracts were examined with 1H-NMR prior to testing with AG.ResultsAll three software programs demonstrated that both compounds inhibit AG more effectively than acarbose. According to the sigma profile, THF is recommended for astilbin extraction. The BC extract with THF showed outstanding AG inhibitory action with an IC50 of 158 ± 1.30 µg mL-1, which was much lower than that of the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 190 ± 6.97 µg mL-1). In addition, astilbin from BC was found to inhibit AG strongly, IC50 = 22.51 ± 0.70 µg mL-1 through the extraction method of large-scale astilbin with THF has the best extraction capacity compared to other solvents, hence the initial stage of extraction employs THF to extract and precipitate them with ethyl acetate and water.ConclusionIn silico and in vitro studies reveal that astilbin inhibits AG and is superior to acarbose, validating its promise as an AG inhibitor. Overall, astilbin was the most bioactive component of BC for antidiabetic action.
| S-EPMC9885589 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, lactic acid bacteria strains (LABs) were isolated from Korean traditional fermented food and examined as potential probiotics using in vitro methods. Ten LAB strains survived in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth adjusted to pH 2.5 were tested for resistance to acidic conditions and bile, antimicrobial activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Among them, strain MBEL1397 showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and exhibited survival rates of over 97% in acidic and bile conditions. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was 3.91 ± 0.25%, corresponding to approximately 2.3 times higher than that of acarbose. MBEL1397 was susceptible to ampicillin, erythromycin, and penicillin G and identified as Lactobacillus sakei. It was deposited to Korean Collection for Type Culture (KCTC) as KCTC14037BP. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that L. sakei MBEL1397 might be prominent probiotics with potential hypoglycemic effects.
| S-EPMC7347726 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe current study was designed to synthesize derivatives of succinimide and compare their biological potency in anticholinesterase, alpha-glucosidase inhibition, and antioxidant assays.MethodsIn this research, two succinimide derivatives including (S)-1-(2,5-dioxo-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl) cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (Compound 1) and (R)-2-((S)-2,5-dioxo-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylpropanal (Compound 2) were synthesized using Michael addition. Both the compounds, ie, 1 and 2 were evaluated for in-vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylctcholinesterase (BChE), antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) to explore the binding mode of both the compounds against different enzymes. Lineweaver-Burk plots of enzyme inhibitions representing the reciprocal of initial enzyme velocity versus the reciprocal of substrate concentration in the presence of synthesized compounds and standard drugs were constructed using Michaelis-Menten kinetics.ResultsIn AChE inhibitory assay, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited IC50 of 343.45 and 422.98 µM, respectively, against AChE enzyme. Similarly, both the compounds showed IC50 of 276.86 and 357.91 µM, respectively, against BChE enzyme. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed IC50 of 157.71 and 471.79 µM against α-glucosidase enzyme, respectively. In a similar pattern, compound 1 exhibited to be more potent as compared to compound 2 in all the three antioxidant assays. Compound 1 exhibited IC50 values of 297.98, 332.94, and 825.92 µM against DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 free radicals, respectively. Molecular docking showed a triple fold in the AChE and BChE activity for compound 1 compared with compound 2. The compound 1 revealed good interaction against both the AChE and BChE enzymes which revealed the high potency of this compound compared to compound 2.ConclusionBoth succinimide derivatives exhibited considerable inhibitory activities against cholinesterases and α-glucosidase enzymes. Of these two, compound 1 revealed to be more potent against all the in-vitro targets which was supported by molecular docking with the lowest binding energies. Moreover, compound 1 also proved to have antiradical properties.
| S-EPMC7285812 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most dangerous metabolic diseases with a high rate of mortality worldwide. It is well known that insulin resistance and deficiency in insulin production from pancreatic β-cells are the main characteristics of DM. Due to the detrimental side effects of the current treatment, there is a considerable need to develop new effective antidiabetic drugs, especially alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitors with lesser adverse effects. These inhibitors are known to be directly involved in the delay of carbohydrate digestion, resulting in a reduction of glucose absorption rate and, consequently, reducing the postprandial rise of plasma glucose, which can reduce the risk of long-term diabetes complications. Furthermore, natural products are well-known sources for the discovery of new bioactive compounds that can serve as scaffolds for drug discovery, including that of new antidiabetic drugs. The phytochemical investigation of Salvia aurita collected from Hogobach Pass, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (SA), yielded four known abietane diterpenes namely carnosol (1), rosmanol (2), 7-methoxyrosmanol (3), 12-methoxycarnosic acid (4), and one flavonoid named 4,7-dimethylapigenin (5). Structural characterization of these isolated compounds was conducted using 1 and 2D NMR, in comparison with reported spectroscopic data. These compounds are reported for the first time from S. aurita. The biological evaluation of the isolated compound against alpha-glucosidase exhibited strong inhibitory activities for 3 and 2 with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.2 ± 0.7 and 16.4 ± 1.1 µg/mL respectively, while 4 and 1 demonstrated strong alpha-amylase inhibitory activity amongst the isolated compounds with IC50 values of 16.2 ± 0.3 and 19.8 ± 1.4 µg/mL. Molecular docking analysis confirms the strong inhibitory activity of 3 against alpha-glucosidase. Additionally, excellent antioxidant capacities were displayed by 2, 1, and 3, respectively, with oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) (25.79 ± 0.01; 23.96 ± 0.01; 23.94 ± 0.02) mM Trolox equivalent (TE)/g; 1 and 2 as ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (3.92 ± 0.002; 1.52 ± 0.002) mM ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g; 5 and 2 as Trolox equivalent absorbance capacity (TEAC) (3.19 ± 0.003; 2.06 ± 0.003) mM TE/g. The methanolic extract of S. aurita is a rich source of abietane diterpenes with excellent antioxidant and antidiabetic activities that can be useful to modulate oxidative stress and might possibly be excellent candidates for the management of diabetes. This is the first scientific report on the phytochemical isolation and biological evaluation of the alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Salvia aurita.
| S-EPMC7699461 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The root of Rumex crispus L. has been shown to possess anti-gout and anti-diabetic properties, but the compounds responsible for these pharmaceutical effects have not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to isolate and purify active components from the root of R. crispus, and to evaluate their anti-radical, anti-gout and anti-diabetic capacities. From the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract, two compounds, chrysophanol (1) and physcion (2), were isolated by column chromatography with an elution of hexane and EtOAc at a 9:1 ratio. Their structures were identified by spectrometric techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray diffraction analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results of bioassays indicated that (1) showed stronger activities than (2). For antioxidant activity, (1) and (2) exhibited remarkable DPPH radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = 9.8 and 12.1 µg/mL), which was about two times stronger than BHT (IC50 = 19.4 µg/mL). The anti-gout property of (1) and (2) were comparable to the positive control allopurinol, these compounds exerted strong inhibition against the activity of xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 36.4 and 45.0 µg/mL, respectively). In the anti-diabetic assay, (1) and (2) displayed considerable inhibitory ability on α-glucosidase, their IC50 values (IC50 = 20.1 and 18.9 µg/mL, respectively) were higher than that of standard acarbose (IC50 = 143.4 µg/mL). Findings of this study highlight that (1) and (2) may be promising agents to treat gout and diabetes, which may greatly contribute to the medicinal properties of Rumex crispus root.
| S-EPMC6864818 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Benzothiazole-triazole derivatives 6a-6s have been synthesized and characterized by ¹HNMR and 13C-NMR. All synthetic compounds were screened for their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity by using Baker's yeast α-glucosidase enzyme. The majority of compounds exhibited a varying degree of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values between 20.7 and 61.1 μM when compared with standard acarbose (IC50 = 817.38 μM). Among the series, compound 6s (IC50 = 20.7 μM) bearing a chlorine group at the 5-position of the benzothiazole ring and a tertbutyl group at the para position of the phenyl ring, was found to be the most active compound. Preliminary structure-activity relationships were established. Molecular docking studies were performed to predict the binding interaction of the compounds in the binding pocket of the enzyme.
| S-EPMC6151782 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bio-guided isolation was applied to Vietnamese Marchantia polymorpha L. to find alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Fifteen compounds were isolated and structurally determined, including two new compounds, marchatoside (7) and marchanol (8), along with thirteen known compounds: marchantin A (1), isoriccardin C (2), riccardin C (3), marchantin K (4), lunularin (5), 3R-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-5,7-dimethoxyphthalide (6), vitexilactone (9), 12-oleanene-3-one (10), 3,11-dioxoursolic acid (11), ursolic acid (12), artemetin (13), kaempferol (14), and quercetin (15). The structures of these compounds were determined through extensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD) and by comparisons to the existing literature. There are five types of carbon skeleton, including bibenzyl (1-5), 3-benzylphthalide (6 and 7), diterpenoid (8 and 9), triterpenoid (10-12), and flavonoid (13-15). Compounds 6-12 were reported for the first time within the genus Marchantia. Compounds 1-12 were evaluated for their alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Among them, 1-5 and 10-12 displayed potent inhibition, with IC50 values ranging from 28.9 to 130.6 μM, compared to the positive control acarbose 330.9 μM. A kinetic study and molecular docking were also performed to understand the mechanism.
| S-EPMC10697071 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Garcinia schomburgkiana is an edible tree widely distributed in the southern region of Vietnam. Little is known about the alpha-glucosidase inhibition of the Vietnamese Garcinia schomburgkiana. The aim of the current study was to explore the anti-diabetic potential of G. schomburgkiana fruits. All the fractions of G. schomburgkiana were evaluated for alpha-glucosidase inhibition, followed by bioassay-guided isolation. A new compound, epi-guttiferone Q (1), together with ten known compounds, guttiferones I-K (2-3), hypersampsone I (4), sampsonione D (5), sampsonione H (6), β-mangostin (7), α-mangostin (8), 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone (9), and fuscaxanthone (10), were isolated and structurally elucidated. The structure of the new metabolite 1 was confirmed through 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and MS analysis. To the best of our knowledge, the metabolites (except 3) have not been isolated from this plant previously. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Compounds 1-6 showed potent activity with IC50 values ranging from 16.2 to 130.6 μM. Compound 2 was further selected for a kinetic study. The result indicated that it was a competitive type. Additionally, in silico docking was employed to predict the binding mechanism of 1-2 and 4-6 in the active site of alpha-glucosidase, suggesting their potential as promising anti-diabetic compounds. Molecular dynamic simulation was also applied to 1 to better understand its inhibitory mechanism.
| S-EPMC10694853 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Neuropeltis racemosa Wall. (Convolvulaceae) is wildly distributed in Asia. Its stem is used as the component in traditional Thai recipes for treatments of muscle rigidity, skin disorder, dysentery, and hypoglycemia. However, the chemical constituents and biological activities of N. racemosa have not been reported. From a screening assay, N. racemosa stem crude extract showed the potent effect on alpha-glucosidase inhibition at 2 mg/mL as 96.09%. The bioassay-guiding isolation led to 5 compounds that were identified by spectroscopic techniques as scopoletin (1), syringic acid (2), methyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate (3), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (4), and N-trans- coumaroyltyramine (5). Compounds 1, 4, and 5 exhibited an IC50 of 110.97, 29.87, and 0.92 µg/mL, respectively, while the IC50 of positive standard, acarbose was 272.72 µg/mL. Kinetic study showed that compound 1 performed as the mixed-type inhibition mechanism, whereas compounds 4 and 5 displayed the uncompetitive inhibition mechanism. The docking study provided the molecular understanding of isolated aromatic compounds (1, 2, 4 and 5) to alpha-glucosidase. Hence, this study would be the first report of isolated compounds and their anti-alpha-glucosidase activity with the mechanism of action from N. racemosa. Thus, these active compounds will be further studied to be the lead compounds among natural antidiabetic drugs.
| S-EPMC8839375 | biostudies-literature