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Probing Electron Excitation Characters of Carboline-Based Bis-Tridentate Ir(III) Complexes.

ABSTRACT: In this work, we report a series of bis-tridentate Ir(III) metal complexes, comprising a dianionic pyrazole-pyridine-phenyl tridentate chelate and a monoanionic chelate bearing a peripheral carbene and carboline coordination fragment that is linked to the central phenyl group. All these Ir(III) complexes were synthesized with an efficient one-pot and two-step method, and their emission hue was fine-tuned by variation of the substituent at the central coordination entity (i.e., pyridinyl and phenyl group) of each of the tridentate chelates. Their photophysical and electrochemical properties, thermal stabilities and electroluminescence performances are examined and discussed comprehensively. The doped devices based on [Ir(cbF)(phyz1)] (Cb1) and [Ir(cbB)(phyz1)] (Cb4) give a maximum external quantum efficiency (current efficiency) of 16.6% (55.2 cd/A) and 13.9% (43.8 cd/A), respectively. The relatively high electroluminescence efficiencies indicate that bis-tridentate Ir(III) complexes are promising candidates for OLED applications.

SUBMITTER: Yan J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8512491 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The structure-property relationship study of a series of cationic Ir(III) complexes in the form of [Ir(C^N)2(dtBubpy)]PF6 [where dtBubpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine and C^N = cyclometallating ligand bearing an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) at C4 of the phenyl substituent, i.e., -CF3 (1), -OCF3 (2), -SCF3 (3), -SO2CF3 (4)] has been investigated. The physical and optoelectronic properties of the four complexes were comprehensively characterized, including by X-ray diffraction analysis. All the complexes exhibit quasireversible dtBubpy-based reductions from -1.29 to -1.34 V (vs SCE). The oxidation processes are likewise quasireversible (metal + C^N ligand) and are between 1.54 and 1.72 V (vs SCE). The relative oxidation potentials follow a general trend associated with the Hammett parameter (?) of the EWGs. Surprisingly, complex 4 bearing the strongest EWG does not adhere to the expected Hammett behavior and was found to exhibit red-shifted absorption and emission maxima. Nevertheless, the concept of introducing EWGs was found to be generally useful in blue-shifting the emission maxima of the complexes (?em = 484-545 nm) compared to that of the prototype complex [Ir(ppy)2(dtBubpy)]PF6 (where ppy = 2-phenylpyridinato) (?em = 591 nm). The complexes were found to be bright emitters in solution at room temperature (?PL = 45-66%) with microsecond excited-state lifetimes (?e = 1.14-4.28 ?s). The photophysical properties along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the emission of these complexes originates from mixed contributions from ligand-centered (LC) transitions and mixed metal-to-ligand and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT/MLCT) transitions, depending on the EWG. In complexes 1, 3, and 4 the 3LC character is prominent over the mixed 3CT character, while in complex 2, the mixed 3CT character is much more pronounced, as demonstrated by DFT calculations and the observed positive solvatochromism effect. Due to the quasireversible nature of the oxidation and reduction waves, fabrication of light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs) using these complexes as emitters was possible with the LEECs showing moderate efficiencies.

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Probing Electron Excitation Characters of Carboline-Based Bis-Tridentate Ir(III) Complexes.

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