Incidental diagnosis of a large cardiac thrombus swinging through an interatrial communication in a COVID-19 patient: Case report and literature review

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

The hypercoagulability state induced by COVID-19 has been well established and various forms of subsequent thromboembolic events have been reported throughout literature including multiple cases of intracardiac thrombi, four of which in our center alone, this case being the fifth.

Case report

We report the case of a 38-year-old male with no prior cardiovascular history who -subsequently to a COVID-19 infection-developped a right atrial thrombosis associated to a pulmonary embolism, and in whom cardiography revealed an interatrial communication. Management relied upon curative doses of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) with favourable outcome.

Discussion

In our discussion, we lay out the various physiopathological mechanisms incriminated throughout literature in the genesis of a hypercoagulability state distinctive of COVID-19, before highlighting the incidence of an interatrial communication (whether a Potent Foramen Ovale or Atrial Septal Defect) discovered in patients with COVID-19, and the potential paradoxical embolization risks they imply as well as reported cases. A mention of hemostatic parameters monitored was also warranted. Finally we discuss the guidelines in terms of prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulation in hospitalized patients before discussing cardiac thrombosis's therapeutic options.

Conclusion

Our case highlights various key points which could change the prognosis of COVID-19 patients, whether related to the underdiagnosis of interatrial abnormalities or with regards to the diagnosis to thromboembolic events, but also the indisputable place of anticoagulation in COVID-19 management. Highlights • Thromboembolic events complicating COVID-19 have been well described and are attributed to a hypercoagulability state distinctive of COVID-19.• A pre-existing Potent Foramen Ovale (PFO) or Atrial septal Defect (ASD) in COVID-19 patients is unknown as only a handful of studies covered the subject.• The association of a cardiac thrombosis with a pulmonary embolism and interatrial communication exposes patients to risks of paradoxical embolization and subsequent arterial thrombotic events.• Prophylactic and curatrive anticoagulation is unrefutably a key pillar in the management of COVID-19.

SUBMITTER: Berrichi S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8524807 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature