Dataset Information

Changes in self-reported sexually transmitted infections and symptoms among married couples in India from 2006 to 2016: a repeated cross-sectional multivariate analysis from nationally representative data.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To assess the changes in prevalence of past-year self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and its symptoms among married couples between 2006 and 2016 in India, overall and by socioeconomic status.

Design

This cross-sectional study uses the two most recent waves (2005-2006 vs 2015-2016) of nationally representative health surveys in India. We examined the changes of self-reported STI and symptoms among married couples aged 15-54 by overall and by socioeconomic status. Adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the changes, accounting for covariates and the complex survey design.

Setting

Cross-sectional, nationally representative population-based survey in 2005-2006 and 2015-2016 from National Family Health Survey data from Demographic and Health Survey.

Participants

39 257 married couples aged 15-49 years for the 2005-2006 survey wave and 63 696 married couples aged 15-49 years for the 2015-2016 wave.

Outcome measure

Self-reported STI was used as a primary outcome measure.

Results

In 2016, 2.5% of married women reported having had an STI in the past year, a significant increase from 1.6% in 2006 (p<0.001). The past-year self-reported STI prevalence among married men significantly increased from 0.5% in 2006 to 1.1% in 2016 (p<0.001). Adjusted results showed that the uptrend of couples' self-reported STI was more significant among those whose husbands are currently employed and those families in middle or higher wealth quintiles. Alarmingly, among couples who reported STI or symptoms, they were less likely to seek advice or treatment in 2016 as compared with 2006 (adjusted OR=0.50, p<0.001, 95% CI=0.40 to 0.61).

Conclusion

The study identifies a substantial increase in self-reported STI prevalence with a notable treatment seeking gap among married couples in India over the past decade.

SUBMITTER: Choi J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8529976 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Changes in self-reported sexually transmitted infections and symptoms among married couples in India from 2006 to 2016: a repeated cross-sectional multivariate analysis from nationally representative data.

Choi Jasmin J Bahl Deepika D Arora Monika M Xuan Ziming Z

BMJ open 20211020 10

<h4>Objective</h4>To assess the changes in prevalence of past-year self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and its symptoms among married couples between 2006 and 2016 in India, overall and by socioeconomic status.<h4>Design</h4>This cross-sectional study uses the two most recent waves (2005-2006 vs 2015-2016) of nationally representative health surveys in India. We examined the changes of self-reported STI and symptoms among married couples aged 15-54 by overall and by socioeconomi ...[more]

PMID: 34670761

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Project description:Background/objectivesDietary factors are important contributors to cardiometabolic and cancer mortality. We examined the secular trends of nine dietary factors (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds, milk, red meat, processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, and calcium) and the associated burdens of cardiometabolic and cancer mortality in Korea using representative cross-sectional survey data from 1998 to 2016.Subjects/methodsUsing dietary data from Korean adults aged ≥ 25 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we characterized secular trends in intake levels. We performed comparative risk assessment to estimate the population attributable fraction and the number of cardiometabolic and cancer deaths attributable to each dietary factor.ResultsA total of 231,148 cardiometabolic and cancer deaths were attributable to nine dietary risk factors in Korea from 1998 to 2016. Suboptimal intakes of fruits and whole grains were the leading contributors. Although the intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains moderately improved over time, the intake levels in 2016 (192.1 g/d, 225.6 g/d, and 10.9 g/d, respectively) remained far below the optimal levels. Deaths attributable to the low intakes of nuts and seeds (4.5 g/d), calcium (440.5 mg/d), and milk (37.1 g/d) and the high intakes of red meat (54.7 g/d), processed meat (4.7 g/d), and sugar-sweetened beverages (33.0 g/d) increased since 1998. Compared with older age groups (≥ 45 years), more unfavorable changes in dietary patterns were observed in the younger population aged 25-44 years, including more sharply increased intakes of processed meat.ConclusionsWe observed improvement in the intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and unfavorable changes in the intakes of processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages over the past few decades. Our data suggest that to reduce the chronic disease burden in Korea, more effective nutritional policies and interventions are needed to target these dietary risk factors.

Project description:Study questionIs exposure to toxic metal cadmium associated with increased endometriosis prevalence among a nationally representative sample of the US population?Summary answerConcentrations of urinary cadmium, a long-term biomarker (10-30 years) of cadmium exposure, were associated with an increased prevalence of endometriosis.What is known alreadyCadmium exhibits estrogenic properties and may increase the risk of endometriosis, a gynecologic condition associated with substantial morbidity, for which estrogen has a central pathogenic role. Previous epidemiological studies of cadmium and endometriosis have yielded mixed results, with null, positive, and inverse associations being reported.Study design, size, durationWe conducted a cross-sectional study using data from four cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006.Participants/materials, setting, methodsThe study population comprised participants aged 20-54 years who had an endometriosis diagnosis, available data on urinary cadmium, and a glomerular filtration rate ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (unweighted n = 1647). Urinary cadmium was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and we used urinary creatinine concentrations and covariate-adjusted standardization to account for urinary dilution. Self-reported diagnosis of endometriosis was ascertained by interview. We examined the association between quartiles of urinary cadmium and endometriosis using log-binomial regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs.Main results and the role of chanceWe observed twice the prevalence of endometriosis for participants with cadmium concentrations in the second quartile (versus the first quartile) (aPR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.9) and the third quartile (versus the first quartile) (aPR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.7). Our data also suggested a 60% increased prevalence of endometriosis with urinary cadmium concentrations in the fourth quartile (versus the first quartile) (aPR 1.6, 95% CI: 0.8, 3.2). In a sensitivity analysis, restricting the study population to premenopausal participants with an intact uterus and at least one ovary (unweighted n = 1298), stronger associations accompanied by wider CIs were observed.Limitations, reasons for cautionWe were limited by the ascertainment of urinary cadmium and endometriosis diagnosis at a single time point, given the cross-sectional study design, and we relied on self-report of endometriosis diagnosis. However, urinary cadmium characterizes long-term exposure and findings from validation studies suggest that misclassification of self-reported endometriosis diagnosis may be minimal.Wider implications of the findingsThis study suggests that cadmium is associated with an increased endometriosis prevalence. Given the substantial morbidity conferred by endometriosis and that the general population is ubiquitously exposed to cadmium, further research is warranted to confirm our findings.Study funding/competing interest(s)This work was supported by the National Institute of Nursing Research (grant R00NR017191 to K.U.) of the National Institutes of Health. The authors report no conflict of interest.Trial registration numberN/A.

Dataset Information

Changes in self-reported sexually transmitted infections and symptoms among married couples in India from 2006 to 2016: a repeated cross-sectional multivariate analysis from nationally representative data.

Objective

Design

Setting

Participants

Outcome measure

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Changes in self-reported sexually transmitted infections and symptoms among married couples in India from 2006 to 2016: a repeated cross-sectional multivariate analysis from nationally representative data.

Similar Datasets

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