The impact of coronavirus on individuals with problematic hoarding behaviours.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Fontenelle LF
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8554288 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to characterize the cognitive performance of individuals with animal hoarding. METHODS:This is a cross-sectional study, in which 33 individuals between the ages of 29 to 84 (M?=?61.39; SD?=?12.69) with animal hoarding have been assessed. The participants completed a neurocognitive battery including measures of general cognitive functioning, visual memory and organization, verbal fluency, and verbal reasoning. RESULTS:Data suggest that individuals with animal hoarding have high rates of cognitive deficits related to visual memory and verbal reasoning. CONCLUSIONS:Based on the performance tests used, we can suggest the existence of cognitive difficulties related especially to the executive functions of individuals with animal hoarding in this sample.
| S-EPMC7038543 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Food-hoarding behaviour is widespread in the animal kingdom and enables predictable access to food resources in unpredictable environments. Within species, consistent variation among individuals in food-hoarding behaviours may indicate the existence of individual strategies, as it likely captures intrinsic differences in how individuals cope with risks (e.g. starvation, pilferage). Using 17 years of data, we estimated the long-term repeatability of 10 food-hoarding behaviours in a population of Eurasian pygmy owls (Glaucidium passerinum), a small avian predator subject to high temporal fluctuations in its main prey abundance. We found low repeatability in the proportion of shrews and the average prey mass stored for both sexes, while females were moderately repeatable in the mass and the number of prey items stored. These two pairs of behaviours were tightly correlated among individuals and might represent two different sets of individual strategies to buffer against starvation risks.
| S-EPMC8278048 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo explore the acceptability of currently available treatments and services for individuals who self-report hoarding behaviors.MethodBetween 10/2013 and 8/2014, participants were invited to complete an online survey that provided them descriptions of eleven treatments and services for hoarding behaviors and asked them to evaluate their acceptability using quantitative (0 [not at all acceptable] -10 [completely acceptable]) Likert scale ratings. The a priori definition of acceptability for a given resource was an average Likert scale score of six or greater. Two well-validated self-report measures assessed hoarding symptom severity: the Saving Inventory-Revised and the Clutter Image Rating Scale.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy two participants who self-reported having hoarding behaviors completed the questionnaire. Analyses focused on the 73% of responders (n=203) who reported clinically significant hoarding behaviors (i.e., Saving Inventory-Revised scores of ≥40). The three most acceptable treatments were individual cognitive behavioral therapy (6.2 ±3.1 on the Likert scale), professional organizing service (6.1 ±3.2), and use of a self-help book (6.0 ±3.0).ConclusionIn this sample of individuals with self-reported clinically significant hoarding behaviors (n=203), only 3 out of 11 treatments and services for hoarding were deemed acceptable using an a priori score. While needing replication, these findings indicate the need to design more acceptable treatments and services to engage clients and maximize treatment outcomes for hoarding disorder.
| S-EPMC5287410 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionUnderstanding the impact of lockdown upon resistance training (RT), and how people adapted their RT behaviours, has implications for strategies to maintain engagement in similar positive health behaviours. Further, doing so will provide a baseline for investigation of the long-term effects of these public health measures upon behaviours and perceptions, and facilitate future follow-up study.ObjectivesTo determine how the onset of coronavirus (COVID-19), and associated 'lockdown', affected RT behaviours, in addition to motivation, perceived effectiveness, enjoyment, and intent to continue, in those who regularly performed RT prior to the pandemic.MethodsWe conducted an observational, cross-sectional study using online surveys in multiple languages (English, Danish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Slovakian, Swedish, and Japanese) distributed across social media platforms and through authors' professional and personal networks. Adults (n = 5389; median age = 31 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 25, 38]), previously engaged in RT prior to lockdown (median prior RT experience = 7 years [IQR = 4, 12]) participated. Outcomes were self-reported RT behaviours including: continuation of RT during lockdown, location of RT, purchase of specific equipment for RT, method of training, full-body or split routine, types of training, repetition ranges, exercise number, set volumes (per exercise and muscle group), weekly frequency of training, perception of effort, whether training was planned/recorded, time of day, and training goals. Secondary outcomes included motivation, perceived effectiveness, enjoyment, and intent to continue RT.ResultsA majority of individuals (82.8%) maintained participation in RT during-lockdown. Marginal probabilities from generalised linear models and generalised estimating equations for RT behaviours were largely similar from pre- to during-lockdown. There was reduced probability of training in privately owned gyms (~ 59% to ~ 7%) and increased probability of training at home (~ 18% to ~ 89%); greater probability of training using a full-body routine (~ 38% to ~ 51%); reduced probability of resistance machines (~ 66% to ~ 13%) and free weight use (~ 96% to ~ 81%), and increased probability of bodyweight training (~ 62% to ~ 82%); reduced probability of moderate repetition ranges (~ 62-82% to ~ 55-66%) and greater probability of higher repetition ranges (~ 27% to ~ 49%); and moderate reduction in the perception of effort experienced during-training (r = 0.31). Further, individuals were slightly less likely to plan or record training during lockdown and many changed their training goals. Additionally, perceived effectiveness, enjoyment, and likelihood of continuing current training were all lower during-lockdown.ConclusionsThose engaged in RT prior to lockdown these behaviours with only slight adaptations in both location and types of training performed. However, people employed less effort, had lower motivation, and perceived training as less effective and enjoyable, reporting their likelihood of continuing current training was similar or lower than pre-lockdown. These results have implications for strategies to maintain engagement in positive health behaviours such as RT during-restrictive pandemic-related public health measures. PRE-REGISTRATION: https://osf.io/qcmpf .PreprintThe preprint version of this work is available on SportRχiv: https://osf.io/preprints/sportrxiv/b8s7e/ .
| S-EPMC8054258 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBased on models of cross-behavioural associations and the role of past behaviour in predicting behaviour, an association was hypothesized between healthy lifestyle behaviours prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and adherence to coronavirus protective behaviours. Self-assessed health was also examined as a potential moderator.MethodsA cross-sectional sample (N = 463) completed online questionnaires during a COVID-19-related lockdown that measured engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviours (e.g., exercising and eating fruits and vegetables), adherence to coronavirus protective behaviours (e.g., wearing a face mask and practicing social distancing), and self-assessed health (subjective evaluation of overall health).ResultsAs predicted, higher engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviours prior to the pandemic was significantly correlated with higher adherence to coronavirus protective behaviours (Pearson r(459) = .308, p < .001). Adherence levels were higher than engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviours, and self-assessed health was related to the latter but not to the former. Moderation was examined using model 1 in PROCESS for SPSS; as expected, the association was stronger among individuals with higher levels of self-assessed health (coefficient 95% CI [.04, .20]).ConclusionsThe findings highlight cross-behavioural facilitating processes, specifically between lifestyle behaviours and adherence to recommended protective behaviours during the pandemic. They also draw attention to the need to address individuals whose poorer evaluations of their general health might prevent them from implementing their behavioural intentions.
| S-EPMC7875448 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hoarding Disorder (HD) is a mental disorder characterized by persistent difficulties discarding or parting with possessions, often resulting in cluttered living spaces, distress, and impairment. Its etiology is largely unknown, but twin studies suggest that it is moderately heritable. In this study, we pooled phenotypic and genomic data from seven international cohorts (N = 27,537 individuals) and conducted a genome wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of parent- or self-reported hoarding symptoms (HS). We followed up the results with gene-based and gene-set analyses, as well as leave-one-out HS polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses. To examine a possible genetic association between hoarding symptoms and other phenotypes we conducted cross-trait PRS analyses. Though we did not report any genome-wide significant SNPs, we report heritability estimates for the twin-cohorts between 26-48%, and a SNP-heritability of 11% for an unrelated sub-cohort. Cross-trait PRS analyses showed that the genetic risk for schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder were significantly associated with hoarding symptoms. We also found suggestive evidence for an association with educational attainment. There were no significant associations with other phenotypes previously linked to HD, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. To conclude, we found that HS are heritable, confirming and extending previous twin studies but we had limited power to detect any genome-wide significant loci. Much larger samples will be needed to further extend these findings and reach a "gene discovery zone". To move the field forward, future research should not only include genetic analyses of quantitative hoarding traits in larger samples, but also in samples of individuals meeting strict diagnostic criteria for HD, and more ethnically diverse samples.
| S-EPMC9666541 | biostudies-literature
Project description:•Provides a prompt understanding of a real time pandemic (coronavirus Covid-19)•Analyses the intra-pandemic perception and post-pandemic planned behaviours•Evaluates planned changes to travel behaviours•Discusses intra-pandemic effects on perceptions towards tourist destinations.
| S-EPMC7254008 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aims Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease related to weight gain, problematic eating behaviours and neuroendocrine changes. MDD is frequently associated with altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and cortisol secretion, where cortisol has been implicated in regulating energy balance, food intake and depressogenic weight changes. However, little research has examined the relationships between cortisol, adiposity and depressogenic problematic eating behaviours. Method Plasma cortisol concentrations were compared between 37 participants with MDD reporting appetite/weight loss, 43 participants with MDD reporting appetite/weight gain, and 60 healthy controls, by sex. Associations between cortisol, indices of adiposity and problematic eating behaviours were then assessed after accounting for demographic variables and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Depression subscale of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and eating behaviours with the Dutch Eating Behaviours Questionnaire and Yale Food Addiction Scale. Results Participants with MDD reporting appetite/weight loss had higher cortisol compared to controls, and marginally higher cortisol than those with MDD reporting appetite/weight gain. Cortisol negatively and significantly accounted for unique variance in body mass index and waist circumference after accounting for variance associated with age, sex and depressive symptoms, however it was not a significant predictor of problematic eating behaviours, such as emotional eating or food addiction. Cortisol concentrations did not differ between sexes. Conclusion The results indicate that cortisol is related to lower indices of adiposity and depressogenic symptoms of appetite/weight loss but is not related to problematic eating behaviours and appetite increases in MDD. These findings provide further evidence that the melancholic and atypical subtypes of MDD are associated with differential neuroendocrine and anthropometric indices, as well as behavioural and symptom profiles. Further research investigating the temporal nature of the identified relationships may assist in facilitating the development of improved interventions for individuals affected by weight changes in MDD. Highlights • Appetite changes, adiposity and problematic eating in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) were examined relative to cortisol.• Cortisol was higher in those with MDD with decreased/unchanged appetite/weight than controls, and marginally higher than those with MDD with increased appetite/weight.• Cortisol was a negative predictor of indices of adiposity, but was not associated with problematic eating.• Cortisol may be more relevant to melancholic compared to atypical MDD, supporting differential neuroendocrine and behavioural symptom profiles between depressogenic subtypes.
| S-EPMC9216397 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was the first pandemic to occur in a fully globalized society. The aims of the study were to explore the state of problematic smartphone use (PSU) and its risk factors during this incident. A total of 77,211 college students were surveyed online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conducting latent profile analysis (LPA), we found the most support for a three-class model of subgroups: over-use group (17.3% of the sample), moderate-use group (54.8% of the sample), mild-use group (27.9% of the sample). The results of multinomial logistic regression show that college students who experienced an extreme negative impact from news reports were more likely to be included in the over-use group than in the mild-use group. These results providing insights that may help foster and develop appropriate and effective solutions to prevent PSU among college students during crises, such as reducing the coverage of negative news report.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03896-0.
| S-EPMC9617231 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The link between autonomic stress reactivity and subjective urge/craving has been less systematically examined in behavioral addictions (i.e. problematic Internet use) than in substance use disorders. The present study investigated whether problematic Internet users (PU) show enhanced autonomic stress reactivity than non-PU, indexed by lower Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and higher Skin Conductance Level (SCL) reactivity during the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), whether greater reactivity is related to stronger Internet craving, and whether problematic Internet usage is associated with some dysfunctional psychological features. Based on their Internet Addiction Test scores, participants were divided into PU (N = 24) and non-PU (N = 21). Their heart rate and skin conductance were continuously recorded during baseline, social stressors, and recovery. Craving for Internet usage were collected using a Likert scale before and after the TSST. The SDNN, an overall measure of HRV, was significantly lower in PU than non-PU during baseline, but not during and after stressful task. Furthermore, only among PU a significant negative correlation emerged between SDNN during recovery and craving ratings after the test. No group differences emerged for SCL. Lastly, PU endorsed more mood, obsessive-compulsive, and alcohol-related problems. Our findings suggest that problems in controlling one's use of the Internet may be related to reduced autonomic balance at rest. Moreover, our results provide new insights into the characterization of craving in PIU, indicating the existence of a relationship between craving for Internet usage and reduced autonomic flexibility.
| S-EPMC5770068 | biostudies-literature