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The “BioHumi” Humeral Head Elliptical Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation

ABSTRACT: Cartilage defects of the humeral head in young, active patients provide a challenge to treating surgeons. The causes of humeral head osteochondral lesions are variable, but these lesions most commonly result from trauma and recurrent glenohumeral instability. Palliative and reparative techniques such as arthroscopic debridement and microfracture have traditionally been used as surgical treatment but have high failure rates. Similarly to surgical trends in the knee, cartilage restoration in the shoulder is becoming more prevalent in younger patients. Osteochondral allograft transplantation (OAT) has been used as a joint-preserving surgical option to restore hyaline cartilage in multiple joints for decades. Although OAT is more commonly used to re-establish the subchondral bony architecture in the treatment of recurrent shoulder instability, the procedure may also be indicated in young, active patients with focal humeral head chondral defects. OAT has been shown in early studies to provide improvement in functional outcome scores and good long-term graft survival with relatively low rates of complications. This report describes our straightforward, reproducible technique for the treatment of large, oblong chondral defects of the humeral head using OAT. Technique Video Video 1 Deltopectoral exposure of a right shoulder with a large, oblong chondral lesion. The lesion is measured, and a fresh humeral allograft is prepared for harvest. The corresponding area of the humeral allograft is measured and harvested using the elliptical cutting system instrumentation. The graft is soaked in autologous plasma while the recipient site is prepared using the elliptical cutting system instrumentation. The graft is implanted into the humeral head, and postoperative radiographs are viewed.

SUBMITTER: Peterson E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8556667 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionWe performed a survivorship analysis of patients treated with patellofemoral osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) using either a shell or plug technique and identified variables associated with graft failure.MethodsConsecutive patients at two institutions who underwent OCA of the patellofemoral compartment between March 1, 2001 to March 1, 2015, were retrospectively identified at minimum 2 years' follow-up. Demographic information, intraoperative findings, and postoperative data were collected. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of surgical technique (plug group and shell group). Failure was defined as revision OCA, conversion to arthroplasty, or gross appearance of graft degeneration on second-look arthroscopy. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify patient- and surgery-specific variables associated with survivorship.ResultsFifty patients were identified (36 women and 14 men; mean age 37.43 ± 8.87 years). Sixteen patients received plug allografts, whereas 34 received shell allografts. Forty percent of patients underwent a concomitant meniscal, ligamentous, malalignment, or chondral procedure. Five patients in the Plug Group (31.3%) underwent reoperation at a mean 1.37 ± 1.34 years, and 28 patients (82.4%) who received Shell OCA underwent reoperation at a mean 1.94 ± 1.92 years. Two patients in the plug group had graft failure at a mean 9.17 ± 0.93 years, whereas 13 patients in the shell group had graft failure at a mean 3.81 ± 2.78 years. Patients with plug allografts demonstrated 100% and 66% survival at 5 and 9.8 years, respectively. For the shell group, survivorship was 65.8% and 37% at 5 and 10.6 years, respectively. Increasing body mass index was associated with failure for the case series overall (odds ratio 1.33, P = .020). Traumatic cause was found to be protective of failure (odds ratio = 0.02, P = .035).ConclusionsPlug OCA of the patellofemoral compartment can be an efficacious procedure with quality mid-term outcomes. Shell OCA led to high failure rates at midterm outcomes. Increasing body mass index may predispose patients to failure, whereas traumatic cause of their lesion was associated with improved outcomes.Level of evidenceLevel IV, Therapeutic case series.

Project description:BackgroundLocked posterior glenohumeral dislocations with a reverse Hill-Sachs impaction fracture involving less than 30% of the humeral head are most frequently treated with lesser tuberosity transfer into the defect, whereas those involving more than 50% undergo humeral head arthroplasty. Reconstruction of the defect with segmental femoral osteochondral allografts has been proposed to treat patients between these two ranges, but the medium-/long-term outcomes of this joint-preserving procedure are controversial.MethodsBetween 2001 and 2018, 12 consecutive patients with a unilateral locked posterior shoulder dislocation and an impaction fracture from 30 to 50% (mean 31% ± 1.32) of the humeral head were treated with segmental reconstruction of the defect with fresh-frozen humeral head osteochondral allografts. Patients were assessed clinically, radiographically and with computed tomography (CT) at a medium follow-up of 66 ± 50.25 months (range, 24-225).ResultsAll twelve shoulders presented a slight limitation in anterior elevation (average, 166.6° ± 22.76). The mean active external rotation with the shoulder at 90° of abduction was 82.5° ± 6.61, and that with the arm held in stable adduction was 79.16 ± 18.80. The mean abduction was 156.25° ± 25.09. The mean Constant-Murley score (CS) was 82 ± 15.09 points (range, 40-97 points), and the mean ASES was 94 ± 8.49 points. The mean pre- and postoperatively Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index (WOSI) was 236.5 ± 227.9 and 11.20 ± 10.85, respectively. Development of osteoarthrosis (OA) was minimal. The average allograft resorption rate was 4% ± 2.4. There were no cases of failure (reoperation for any reason) in this series.ConclusionSegmental humeral head reconstruction with humeral head fresh-frozen osteochondral allografts provides good to excellent clinical results with low-grade OA and low allograft resorption in patients with locked posterior shoulder dislocation.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov PRS, ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04823455 . Registered 29 March 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000AU8P&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0004J36&ts=12&cx=6cykp8 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, Case Series, Treatment Study.

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The “BioHumi” Humeral Head Elliptical Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation

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