Tex13a Optimizes Sperm Motility via Its Potential Roles in mRNA Turnover
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Li Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8558480 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Mammalian Argonaute proteins (AGO1-4), in combination with microRNAs (miRs), bind to target mRNAs to initiate degradation and/or translation repression, but the relationships between these two effects is unclear. Although the AGO isoforms ofDrosophilaand plants perform different functions, mammalian AGO isoforms are considered to be functionally degenerate in terms of miR loading and downstream silencing effects. However, we found that, in quiescent (G0) rat myoblasts transiting to the G1 phase, cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) mRNA was associated with two functionally distinct AGO-miR complexes. While AGO1-miR-1 down-regulated the mRNA level, AGO2-let-7 delayed the timing of translation. Knockdown (KD) of AGO2, or antisense-mediated depletion of Let-7, caused Ccnd1 translation to occur earlier, but had no significant effect on mRNA abundance. Conversely, down-regulation of either AGO1 or miR-1, resulted in elevated Ccnd1 mRNA levels at early times, but failed to affect the timing of translation. These results show that the two miR-mediated silencing effects, viz. mRNA decay and translation repression, are independent processes induced by individual AGO isoforms in association with specific miRs.
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Project description:Ring1 and Yin Yang 1-Binding Protein (RYBP) is a member of non-canonical polycomb repressive complex 1 to mediate monoubiquitination of histone H2A at lysine 119. It plays an important role in development, but its role in reproduction remains illusive. In this study, we used Rybp conditional knockout mouse model to genetically ablate Rybp in male germ cells. We found that Rybp deficiency during spermatogenesis led to smaller testes, loss of germline cells, disturbed meiosis, increased apoptosis of spermatocytes, decreased sperm motility, and reduced global H3K9me3, without impacting retrotransposon expression. Meanwhile, we depleted Rybp during oogenesis, but oocyte maturation and preimplantation development were normal. Our findings demonstrate that RYBP plays important roles in spermatogenesis through regulating meiosis and sperm motility.
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Project description:The declining reproductive viability of corals threatens their ability to adapt to changing ocean conditions. It is vital that we monitor this viability quantitatively and comparatively. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) systems offer in-depth analysis used regularly for domestic and wildlife species, but not yet for coral. This study proposes quality control procedures and CASA settings that are effective for coral sperm analysis. To resolve disparities between CASA measurements and evaluations by eye, two negative effects on motility had to be resolved, slide adhesion (procedural) and sperm dilution (biological). We showed that the addition of bovine serum albumin, or caffeine, or both to fresh sperm reduced adhesion in the CASA cassettes, improved motility and motile sperm concentration (P < 0.0001), yet these additions did not affect measurements of total sperm concentration. Diluting coral sperm reduced sperm motility (P = 0.039), especially from heat-stressed corals. We found CASA concentration counts comparable to haemocytometer and flow cytometer measures (P = 0.54). We also found that motile sperm per egg is a useful predictor of fertilisation success, using cryopreserved sperm. Standard measurements of coral reproductive characteristics inform our understanding of the impacts of climate change on reef populations; this study provides a benchmark to begin this comparative work.
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Project description:Endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 10 (EMC10) is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional factor across species. We previously reported that Emc10 knockout (KO) leads to mouse male infertility. Emc10-null spermatozoa exhibit multiple aspects of dysfunction, including reduced sperm motility. Two subunits of a Na/K-ATPase, ATP1A4 and ATP1B3, are nearly absent in Emc10 KO spermatozoa. Here, two isoforms of EMC10 were characterized in the mouse testis and epididymis: the membrane-bound (mEMC10) and secreted (scEMC10) isoforms. We present evidence that mEMC10, rather than scEMC10, is required for cytoplasm sodium homeostasis by positively regulating ATP1B3 expression in germ cells. Intra-testis mEMC10 overexpression rescued the sperm motility defect caused by Emc10 KO, while exogenous recombinant scEMC10 protein could not improve the motility of spermatozoa from either Emc10 KO mouse or asthenospermic subjects. Clinically, there is a positive association between ATP1B3 and EMC10 protein levels in human spermatozoa, whereas no correlation was proven between seminal plasma scEMC10 levels and sperm motility. These results highlight the important role of the membrane-bound EMC10 isoform in maintaining cytoplasm sodium homeostasis and sperm motility. Based on the present results, the mEMC10-Na, K/ATPase α4β3 axis is proposed as a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of cytoplasmic sodium and sperm motility, and its components seem to have therapeutic potential for asthenospermia.
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Project description:Asthenozoospermia is a common cause of male infertility, the aetiology of which remains unclear in 50-60% of cases. The current study aimed to characterize metabolic alterations in asthenozoospermic seminal plasma and to explore the signalling pathways involved in sperm motility regulation. At first, high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the targeted metabolic network of arachidonic acid (AA). Metabolomic multivariate data analysis showed significant distinction of AA metabolites between asthenozoospermic and healthy seminal plasma. AA as well as its lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 metabolites were found to be abnormally increased, while cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolites were complicatedly disturbed in asthenozoospermic volunteers compared with those in healthy ones. In vitro experiments and western blot analysis of sperm cells revealed a decrease in sperm motility and upregulation of sperm phosphor-P38 induced by AA. P38 inhibitor could increase AA-reduced sperm motility. Also, all the inhibitors of the three metabolic pathways of AA could block AA-induced P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and further improve sperm motility. We report here for the first time that an abnormal AA metabolic network could reduce sperm motility via P38 MAPK activation through the LOX, cytochrome P450 and COX metabolic pathways, which might be an underlying pathomechanism of asthenozoospermia.
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Project description:BackgroundThe study was conducted to find out the candidate microRNA (miRNA) and genes that associated with sperm motility of Yili goose through small RNA sequencing of testicular tissue of Yili goose, and provide a theoretical basis for the study of the regulation mechanism of sperm motility of Yili goose gander.ResultsIn this study, five male geese with high sperm motility and five male geese with low sperm motility were slaughtered to obtain their testis tissues for small RNA sequencing, and biological information methods were used for data analysis. The results showed that a total of 1575 known miRNAs and 68 novel miRNAs were identified in the testis tissue of Yili goose, and 71 differentially expressed miRNAs and 660 differentially expressed genes were screened. GO functional analysis showed that miRNAs target genes were mainly involved in the binding, kinase activity, structural constituent of cytoskeleton and intermediate filament cytoskeleton. KEGG functional analysis showed that miRNAs target genes were significantly enriched in arginine and proline metabolism, glycolysis / gluconeogenesis, fructose and mannose metabolism and beta-Alanine metabolism and other pathways. miRNAs-mRNAs interaction network suggests miR-140/miR-140-3p/miR-140-3p-NKAIN3, let-7d-BTG1 and miR-145-5p/miR -145a-5p-CLEC2E may play an important role in testis development and spermatogenesis.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the sperm motility of Yili goose may be regulated by different miRNAs, and the target genes are significantly enriched in pathways related to sperm metabolism, indicating that miRNAs affect the sperm motility of Yili goose by regulating the metabolic process of sperm and the expression of related genes. This study can provide a reference for revealing the regulation mechanism of Yili goose sperm motility at the molecular level.
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Project description:Energy sources that can be metabolized to yield ATP are essential for normal sperm functions such as motility. Two major monosaccharides, sorbitol and fructose, are present in semen. Furthermore, sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD) can convert sorbitol to fructose, which can then be metabolized via the glycolytic pathway in sperm to make ATP. Here we characterize Sord mRNA and SORD expression during mouse spermatogenesis and examine the ability of sorbitol to support epididymal sperm motility and tyrosine phosphorylation. Sord mRNA levels increased during the course of spermatogenic differentiation. SORD protein, however, was first detected at the condensing spermatid stage. By indirect immunofluorescence, SORD was present along the length of the flagella of caudal epididymal sperm. Furthermore, immunoelectron microscopy showed that SORD was associated with mitochondria and the plasma membranes of sperm. Sperm incubated with sorbitol maintained motility, indicating that sorbitol was utilized as an energy source. Sorbitol, as well as glucose and fructose, were not essential to induce hyperactive motility. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation increased in a similar manner when sorbitol was substituted for glucose in the incubation medium used for sperm capacitation. These results indicate that sorbitol can serve as an alternative energy source for sperm motility and protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Project description:Sperm senescence can have important evolutionary implications due to its deleterious effects on sperm quality and offspring performance. Consequently, it has been argued that polyandry (female multiple mating) may facilitate the selection of younger, and therefore competitively superior, sperm when ejaculates from multiple males compete for fertilization. Surprisingly, however, unequivocal evidence that sperm ageing influences traits that underlie sperm competitiveness is lacking. Here, we used a paired experimental design that compares sperm quality between 'old' and 'young' ejaculates from individual male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We show that older sperm exhibit significant reductions in sperm velocity compared with younger sperm from the same males. We found no evidence that the brightness of the male's orange (carotenoid) spots, which are thought to signal resistance to oxidative stress (and thus age-related declines in sperm fitness), signals a male's ability to withstand the deleterious effects of sperm ageing. Instead, polyandry may be a more effective strategy for females to minimize the likelihood of being fertilized by aged sperm.
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Project description:BackgroundAdiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), known as adiponectin system, have some proven roles in the fat and glucose metabolisms. Several studies have shown that adiponectin can be considered as a candidate in linking metabolism to testicular function. In this regard, we evaluated the correlation between sperm mRNA abundance of adiponectin and its receptors, with sperm motility indices in the present study.Materials and methodsIn this completely randomized design study, semen samples from 6 adult rams were fractionated on a two layer discontinuous percoll gradient into high and low motile sperm cells, then quantitative parameters of sperm motility were determined by computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA). The mRNA abundance levels of Adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were measured quantitatively using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the high and low motile groups.ResultsFirstly, we showed that adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) were transcriptionally expressed in the ram sperm cells. Using Pfaff based method qRT- PCR, these levels of transcription were significantly higher in the high motile rather than low motile samples. This increase was 3.5, 3.6 and 2.5 fold change rate for Adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, respectively. Some of sperm motility indices [curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), linearity (LIN), wobble (WOB) and straightness (STR)] were also significantly correlated with Adiponectin and AdipoR1 relative expression. The correlation of AdipoR2 was also significant with the mentioned parameters, although this correlation was not comparable with adiponectin and AdipoR1.ConclusionThis study revealed the novel association of adiponectin system with sperm motility. The results of our study suggested that adiponectin is one of the possible factors which can be evaluated and studied in male infertility disorders.
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Project description:While populations may wax and wane, it is rare for an entire population to be replaced by a completely different set of individuals. We document the large-scale relocation of cultural groups of sperm whale off the Galápagos Islands, in which two sympatric vocal clans were entirely replaced by two different ones. Between 1985 and 1999, whales from two clans (called Regular and Plus-One) defined by cultural dialects in coda vocalizations were repeatedly photo-identified off Galápagos. Their occurrence in the area declined through the 1990s; by 2000, none remained. We reassessed Galápagos sperm whales in 2013-2014, identifying 463 new females. However, re-sighting rates were low, with no matches with the Galápagos 1985-1999 population, suggesting an eastward shift to coastal areas. Their vocal repertoires matched those of two other clans (called Short and Four-Plus) found across the Pacific but previously rare or absent around Galápagos. The mechanisms behind this cultural turnover may include large-scale environmental regime shifts favouring clan-specific foraging strategies, and a response to heavy whaling in the region involving redistribution of surviving whales into high-quality habitats. The fall and rise of sperm whale cultures off Galápagos reflect the structuring of the Pacific population into large, enduring clans with dynamic ranges. Long-lasting clan membership illustrates how culture can be bound up in the structure and dynamics of animal populations and so how tracking cultural traits can reveal large-scale population shifts.
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