Etiological and Radiological Spectrum of Longitudinal Myelitis: A Hospital-Based Study in North East India
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Synmon B
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8558972 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The objective of this study was to identify the genes differentially expressed in non small cell lung carcinoma associated with prevalent risk factor such as smoking and betel quid chewing in high-risk north eastern Indian population. The tumor biopsies and matched normal tissue from distant site were collected in RNA later, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70°C until processed. Data of clinicopathologic parameters were obtained from patients’ clinical and pathologic report. Institutional human ethics committee approved the study.
2012-01-31 | GSE30118 | GEO
Project description:Objective The study aims to determine the effects of implementing stroke unit (SU) care in a remote hospital in North-East India. Materials and Methods This before-and-after implementation study was performed at the Baptist Christian Mission Hospital, Tezpur, Assam between January 2015 and December 2017. Before the implementation of stroke unit care (pre-SU), we collected information on usual stroke care and 1-month outcome of 125 consecutive stroke admissions. Staff was then trained in the delivery of SU care for 1 month, and the same information was collected in a second (post-SU) cohort of 125 patients. Statistical Analysis Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare group differences. The loss to follow-up was imputed by using multiple imputations using the Markov Chain Monto Carlo method. The sensitivity analysis was also performed by using propensity score matching of the groups for baseline stroke severity (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale) using the nearest neighbor approach to control for confounding, and missing values were imputed by using multiple imputations. The adjusted odds ratio was calculated in univariate and multivariate regression analysis after adjusting for baseline variables. All the analysis was done by using SPSS, version 21.0., IBM Corp and R version 4.0.0., Armonk, New York, United States. Results The pre-SU and post-SU groups were age and gender matched. The post-SU group showed higher rates of swallow assessment (36.8 vs. 0%, p < 0.001), mobility assessment, and re-education (100 vs. 91.5%, p = 0.037). The post-SU group also showed reduced complications (28 vs. 45%, p = 0.006) and a shorter length of hospital stay (4 ± 2.16 vs. 5 ± 2.68 days, p = 0.026). The functional outcome (modified ranking scale) at 1-month showed no difference between the groups, good outcome in post-SU (39.6%) versus pre-SU (35.7%), p = 0.552. Conclusion The implementation of this physician-based SU care model in a remote hospital in India shows improvements in quality measures, complications, and possibly patient outcomes.
| S-EPMC8064833 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this study was to identify the genes differentially expressed in non small cell lung carcinoma associated with prevalent risk factor such as smoking and betel quid chewing in high-risk north eastern Indian population. The tumor biopsies and matched normal tissue from distant site were collected in RNA later, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70°C until processed. Data of clinicopathologic parameters were obtained from patients’ clinical and pathologic report. Institutional human ethics committee approved the study. Total RNA was isolated from tumor biopsies and matched normal of five patients. Total RNA from normal tissue from three patients was pooled in one slide and normal tissue from another two patients was pooled in another slide. Individual slide were used for each tumor samples. Isolation Kit: RNeasy mini Kit (Qiagen) Scanner Used: AFFYMETRIX, 428 Array
2012-01-31 | E-GEOD-30118 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:ObjectiveSeveral studies have demonstrated a shift in the spectrum of infective endocarditis (IE) in the developed world. We aimed to investigate whether demographic and microbiologic characteristics of IE have changed in India.DesignA retrospective analysis of patients with in north India between 2010 and 2020.MethodsThe clinical and laboratory profiles of 199 IE admitted to an academic hospital patients who met the modified Duke criteria for definite IE were analysed.ResultsThe mean age was 34 years, and 84% were males. The main predisposing conditions were injection drug use (IDU) (n = 71, 35.7%), congenital heart disease (n = 46, 21.6%), rheumatic heart disease (n = 25, 12.5%), and prosthetic device (n = 19, 9.5%). 17.1% of patients developed IE without identified predispositions. Among 64.3% culture-positive cases, the most prevalent causative pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (46.1%), viridans streptococci (7.0%), enterococci (6.0%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (5.5%), gram negative bacilli (5.5%), polymicrobial (5.5%), and Candida (1.0%). The tricuspid (30.3%), mitral (25.6%), and aortic (21.6%) valves were the most common sites of infection, and 60.3% had large vegetations (>10 mm). Systemic embolization occurred in 55.3% of patients at presentation. Cardiac surgery was required for 13.1%. In-hospital mortality was 17.1% and was associated with prosthetic devices (p-value, 0.001), baseline leucocytosis (p-value, 0.036) or acute kidney injury (p-value, 0.001), and a microbial etiology of gram negative bacilli or enterococci (p-value, 0.005).ConclusionIDU is now the most important predisposition for IE in India, and S. aureus has become the leading cause of native valve endocarditis with or without IDU.
| S-EPMC8642647 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The diversified genus of Clerodendrum with its complex evolutionary history leads to taxonomic mystification. Unlike traditional taxonomic methods, DNA barcoding could be a promising tool for the identification and conservation of Clerodendrum species. This study was attempted to develop an efficient barcode locus in Clerodendrum species of North East India. We evaluated four barcode candidates (ITS2, matK, rbcL, ycf1) and its combinations in different Clerodendrum species. The reliability of barcodes to distinguish the species were calculated using genetic pairwise distances, intra- and inter-specific diversity, barcode gap, and phylogenetic tree-based methods. The results exemplify that matK posse’s maximum number of variables and parsimony-informative sites (103/100), intra- (0.021?±?0.001) and inter- (0.086?±?0.005) specific divergences and species resolution rate (89.1%) followed by ITS2, ycf1, and rbcL. Among the combinatorial locus, ITS2?+?matK showed the best species discrimination with distinctive barcode gaps. Therefore, we tentatively suggest that the combination of ITS2?+?matK as core barcode for Clerodendrum and converted into quick response (QR) code. Hence, this finding indicates that DNA barcoding could provide consistent resources for species discrimination and resolve taxonomic controversies of the genus as well as set a preliminary assessment toward its biodiversity.
| S-EPMC7417596 | biostudies-literature
Project description:During the period April 1993 to July 1993, a total of 410 patients with pyrexia were screened for malarial parasite and 109 (26.5%) cases were found positive for malarial parasite. Of these 109 cases, 91 were positive for Plasmodium falciparum. Of these 91 cases, 43 patients fulfilled the study criteria as per WHO's extended field trial and were included in the analysis. These patients were treated with standard doses of chloroquine. Seven patients each (16.3%) showed RI and RII resistance and 2 patients (4.7%) showed RIII levels of chloroquine resistance.
| S-EPMC5530823 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background and Purpose:Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) has been infrequently studied in Indian children. This research was conducted to study the clinico-etiological profiles and short-term outcomes of children aged 1 month to 12 years with convulsive RSE, at a public hospital. Methods:The study was conducted between 1st April 2016 and 28th February 2017 after receiving clearance from an Institutional Ethics Committee. All children (aged 1 month to 12 years) who presented to the pediatrics department of a tertiary-care public hospital with convulsive status epilepticus (SE), or who developed SE during their hospital stay, were enrolled. All patients were investigated and managed according to a standard protocol. Outcomes were assessed based on the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Details of children who progressed to RSE were compared to those without RSE. Results:Fifty children (28 males) with CSE were enrolled, of which 20 (40%) progressed to RSE. Central nervous system (CNS) infection was the most common etiology (53% in SE and 55% in RSE, p > 0.05). Non-compliance with anti-epileptic drugs was the second most common etiology. The overall mortality rate was 38%, and although the odds of death in RSE (50%) were higher than in SE (30%), this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.15). The odds of having a poor outcome was six times higher in children with RSE as compared to those with SE (odds ratio, 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-22.3; p = 0.005). Conclusions:When managing CNS infections, pediatricians need to be aware of the high risk of developing RSE. In addition, the possibility of RSE should be considered and managed promptly in an intensive-care setting, to reduce the mortality and morbidity of this severe neurological condition.
| S-EPMC6706643 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The ecology and distribution of many bacteria is strongly associated with specific eukaryotic hosts. However, the impact of such host association on bacterial ecology and evolution is not well understood. Bacteria from the genus Methylobacterium consume plant-derived methanol, and are some of the most abundant and widespread plant-associated bacteria. In addition, many of these species impact plant fitness. To determine the ecology and distribution of Methylobacterium in nature, we sampled bacteria from 36 distinct rice landraces, traditionally grown in geographically isolated locations in North-East (NE) India. These landraces have been selected for diverse phenotypic traits by local communities, and we expected that the divergent selection on hosts may have also generated divergence in associated Methylobacterium strains. We determined the ability of 91 distinct rice-associated Methylobacterium isolates to use a panel of carbon sources, finding substantial variability in carbon use profiles. Consistent with our expectation, across spatial scales this phenotypic variation was largely explained by host landrace identity rather than geographical factors or bacterial taxonomy. However, variation in carbon utilisation was not correlated with sugar exudates on leaf surfaces, suggesting that bacterial carbon use profiles do not directly determine bacterial colonization across landraces. Finally, experiments showed that at least some rice landraces gain an early growth advantage from their specific phyllosphere-colonizing Methylobacterium strains. Together, our results suggest that landrace-specific host-microbial relationships may contribute to spatial structure in rice-associated Methylobacterium in a natural ecosystem. In turn, association with specific bacteria may provide new ways to preserve and understand diversity in one of the most important food crops of the world.
| S-EPMC7039438 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this study was to identify the genes differentially expressed in non small cell lung carcinoma associated with prevalent risk factor such as smoking and betel quid chewing in high-risk north eastern Indian population. The tumor biopsies and matched normal tissue from distant site were collected in RNA later, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70°C until processed. Data of clinicopathologic parameters were obtained from patients’ clinical and pathologic report. Institutional human ethics committee approved the study. Total RNA was isolated from tumor biopsies and matched normal of five patients. Total RNA from normal tissue from three patients was pooled in one slide and normal tissue from another two patients was pooled in another slide. Individual slide were used for each tumor samples. Isolation Kit: RNeasy mini Kit (Qiagen) Scanner Used: AFFYMETRIX, 428 Array
| S-ECPF-GEOD-30118 | biostudies-other
Project description:Scrub typhus, a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, has become endemic in many parts of India. We studied the clinical profile of this infection in 228 patients that reported to this tertiary care center from July 2013 to December 2014. The median age of patients was 35 years (interquartile range = 24.5-48.5 years), and 111 were males and 117 females. A high-grade fever occurred in 85%, breathlessness in 42%, jaundice in 32%, abdominal pain in 28%, renal failure in 11%, diarrhea in 10%, rashes in 9%, and seizures in 7%. Common laboratory abnormalities at presentation were a deranged hepatic function in 61%, anemia in 54%, leukopenia in 15%, and thrombocytopenia in 90% of our patients. Acute kidney injury (32%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (25%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (16%) were the commonest complications. A hepatorenal syndrome was seen in 38% and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in 20% patients. The overall case fatality rate was 13.6%. In univariate analysis, ARDS requiring mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis, hypotension requiring inotropic support, central nervous system dysfunction at presentation, and MODS were inversely associated with survival. Survival was significantly higher in patients that presented with a duration of fever < 10 days compared with those that presented ≥ 12 days (P < 0.05) after onset. In conclusion, scrub typhus has become a leading infectious disease in north India and an important cause of infectious fever. An increasing awareness of this disease coupled with prompt management will go a long way in reducing both morbidity and mortality from this disease.
| S-EPMC4973198 | biostudies-literature