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Green oxygen power plants in the brain rescue neuronal activity

ABSTRACT: Summary Neuronal activity in the brain depends on mostly aerobic generation of energy equivalents and thus on a constant O2 supply. Oxygenation of the vertebrate brain has been optimized during evolution by species-specific uptake and transport of O2 that originally derives from the phototrophic activity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in the environment. Here, we employed a concept that exploits transcardial injection and vascular distribution of unicellular green algae or cyanobacteria in the brain of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Using oxygen measurements in the brain ventricle, we found that these microorganisms robustly produce sizable amounts of O2 upon illumination. In a severe hypoxic environment, when neuronal activity has completely ceased, the photosynthetic O2 reliably provoked a restart and rescue of neuronal activity. In the future, phototrophic microorganisms might provide a novel means to directly increase oxygen levels in the brain in a controlled manner under particular eco-physiological conditions or following pathological impairments. Graphical abstract Highlights • Transcardially injected microalgae accumulate in brain blood vessels of Xenopus• Upon illumination, green algae and cyanobacteria robustly produce O2 in the brain• After hypoxic loss of brain function, photosynthetic oxygen rescues neural activity Classification Description: Animal physiology; Neuroscience; Microbiology; Biotechnology

SUBMITTER: Ozugur S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8560625 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionPropofol is a general anesthetic option for deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its effects on STN activity and neuropsychological outcomes are controversial. The optimal propofol anesthesia for asleep DBS is unknown. This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of an optimized propofol anesthesia regimen in asleep DBS.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 68 PD patients undergoing bilateral STN-DBS surgery. All patients received local scalp anesthesia, with (asleep group, n = 35) or without (awake group, n = 33) propofol-remifentanil general anesthesia by target-controlled infusion under electroencephalogram monitoring. The primary outcome was subthalamic neuronal spiking characterization during microelectrode recording. The secondary outcomes were clinical outcomes including motor, cognition, mind, sleep, and quality of life at 6 months.ResultsSignificantly increased delta and theta power were obtained under propofol anesthesia (awake vs. asleep group, mean ± standard deviation; delta: 31.97 ± 9.87 vs. 39.77 ± 10.56, p < 0.01; theta: 21.09 ± 5.55 vs. 24.82 ± 6.63, p = 0.01). After excluding the influence of confounding factors of age and preoperative motor scores, there was a statistically significant influence on the delta, theta, and alpha power of STN neuronal activity under different anesthesia regimens (delta: β = 2.64, p < 0.01; theta: β = 2.11, p < 0.01; alpha: β = 1.42, p = 0.01). There were no differences in modified burst index, firing rate, tract numbers of microelectrode recording, and other clinical outcomes between the two groups.ConclusionOptimized propofol anesthesia enhanced the delta, theta, and alpha power in STN compared with the awake technique and likely contributed to target recognition under propofol anesthesia. These results demonstrate that propofol is suitable, but needs to be optimized, for asleep STN-DBS.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry Identification number: ChiCTR2100045942. Registered 29 April 2021-Retrospectively registered.

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Green oxygen power plants in the brain rescue neuronal activity

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